• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.2
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• pp.289.2-290
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• 2002

Choi group reported that Kamijadowhan (KMD). an oriental herbal medicine, has anti-angiogenic effects and it may be a potential agent for clinical chemoprevention since it inhibits angiogenesis. Objectives of this experiment are to investigate acute, genetic and reproductive/developmental toxicities of KMD preparations. Acute toxicity was performed after single administration of KMO (200-500 mg/kg) to mice. Supravital staining micronucleus assay was conducted using peripheral reticulocytes in mice. (omitted)

• 약학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.111-116
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• 2004

The ethanol extracts of mixed vegetables (Bioactive Vegetables, BV), mixed fruits (Bioactive Fruits, BF) and their liquid formulation (Chungpae Plus , CP) were evaluated for their antioxidative and antigenotoxic activities. They were shown to possess the significant free radical scavenging effect against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) radical generation and were revealed to show the inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation as measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) formation although the potencies were not higher than those of vitamin C. They did not possess any pro-oxidant effect on bleomycin-Fe(III) dependent DNA degradation, whereas vitamin C showed strong pro-oxidant effect. Furthermore, oral administration of BV and BF inhibited micronucleated reticulocyte (MNRET) formation of mouse peripheral blood induced by KBrO3 treatment in vivo. CP also showed significant inhibition under same experimental condition. Therefore, the liquid formulation (CP) containing BV and BF may be a useful natural antioxidative and antigenotoxic agent by scavenging free radicals, inhibition of lipid peroxidation and protecting chromosomal damage.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2001년도 International Symposium on Dietary and Medicinal Antimutgens and Anticarcinogens
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• pp.180-180
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• 2001

The mutagenic potency of a new antibiotics, IDC- 7181, was evaluated using the mutagenicity tests including Ames, chromosome aberration and micronucleus tests. In bacterial reversion assay, IDC-7181 did not show any mutagenic response in the absence or presence of S9 mixture with Salmonella typhimurium TA98, TAlOO, TA1535 and TA1537 and E. coli WP2uvrA-(100, 50, 25, 12.5 and 6.25 $\mu\textrm{g}$/plate).(omitted)

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2003년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.151-151
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• 2003

The ethanol extracts of mixed vegetables (Bioactive V, BV), mixed fruits (Bioactive F, BF) and their liquid formulation (Chungpae Plus(R)) were evaluated for antioxidative and antigenotoxic activity. They were shown to possess the significant free radical scavenging effect against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH) radical generation and were revealed to show the inhibitory effect of lipid peroxidation as measured by malondialdehyde (MDA) formation.(omitted)

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.4409-4419
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• 2015

The Bhopal gas tragedy involving methyl isocyanate (MIC) is one of the most horrific industrial accidents in recent decades. We investigated the genotoxic effects of MIC in long-term survivors and their offspring born after the 1984 occurrence. There are a few cytogenetic reports showing genetic damage in the MIC-exposed survivors, but there is no information about the associated cancer risk. The same is true about offspring. For the first time, we here assessed the micronucleus (MN) frequency using cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (CBMN) assay to predict cancer risk in the MIC-affected population of Bhopal. A total of 92 healthy volunteers (46 MIC-affected and 46 controls) from Bhopal and various regions of India were studied taking gender and age into consideration. Binucleated lymphocytes with micronuclei (BNMN), total number of micronuclei in lymphocytes (MNL), and nuclear division index (NDI) frequencies and their relationship to age, gender and several lifestyle variabilities (smoking, alcohol consumption and tobacco-chewing) were investigated. Our observations showed relatively higher BNMN and MNL (P<0.05) in the MIC-affected than in the controls. Exposed females (EF) exhibited significantly higher BNMN and MNL (P<0.01) than their unexposed counterparts. Similarly, female offspring of the exposed (FOE) also suffered higher BNMN and MNL (P<0.05) than in controls. A significant reduction in NDI (P<0.05) was found only in EF. The affected group of non-smokers and non-alcoholics featured a higher frequency of BNMN and MNL than the control group of non-smokers and non-alcoholics (P<0.01). Similarly, the affected group of tobacco chewers showed significantly higher BNMN and MNL (P<0.001) than the non-chewers. Amongst the affected, smoking and alcohol consumption were not associated with statistically significant differences in BNMN, MNL and NDI. Nevertheless, tobacco-chewing had a preponderant effect with respect to MNL. A reasonable correlation between MNL and lifestyle habits (smoking, alcohol consumption and tobacco-chewing) was observed only in the controls. Our results suggest that EF and FOE are more susceptible to cancer development, as compared to EM and MOE. The genotoxic outcome detected in FOE reflects their parental exposure to MIC. Briefly, the observed cytogenetic damage to the MIC-affected could contribute to cancer risk, especially in the EF and FOE.

• 분석과학
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2003

본 연구는 화학공장의 실내작업장에서 화학적/생물학적 모니터링 방법을 동시에 이용하여 유해물질의 존재를 평가하고자 하였다. 실내작업장의 VOCs 분석을 위하여 Tenax TA 400 mg이 충전된 흡착관을 이용하여 시료 채취하였다. 채취한 시료는 가스크로마토그래피/질량분석법 (GC/MS)으로 분석하였다. 동시에 유해성 평가를 위해 Tradescantia BNL 4430 클론을 실내 작업장에 노출시켰다. GC/MS 분석결과 trichloroethylen, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylenes, styrene, trimethylbenzene과 같은 다양한 VOC가 검출되는 것으로 나타났다. 자주달개비 미세핵 (Trad-MCN) 분석결과 실내 작업장의 다양한 유해물질에 의한 생성률 증가가 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 실외에서는 자연적 발생범위에 해당하는 미세핵 생성률을 보였다. 결론적으로, Tradescantia 미세핵 생성률의 결과로 보아 화학공장 실내 작업장의 휘발성물질은 근로자들에게 만성적으로 건강에 위해를 끼칠 것으로 판단된다. 화학적 모니터링과 생물학적 유해성 평가방법을 병행함으로서 실내 작업장에서 유해물질을 평가하는데 매우 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.26-31
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• 1998

We have examined in vitro and in vivo radioprotective effect of a Chinese medicinal plants prescription, Lifukang. Micronucleus assay was employed to evaluate in vitro radioprotective effect of Lifukang. In the presence of Lifukang, the frequencies of miconuclei were greatly reduced from 7.2 to 2.9, 1.6 and 1.6% at the concentrations of Lifukang from 0 to 2, 10 and $50{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. For in vivo assay, we monitored the incidences of apoptotic cells in mouse small intestine crypts and endogeneous spleen colonies. When Lifukang was administered to mice P.O. Or I.P. at doses of 1 mg/ml in drinking water for 7 days or 0.3 mg/mouse 24 hrs prior to irradiations, respectively, the average numbers of apoptotic cells were reduced to 3.1 or 2.3, respectively, as compared to 4.4 acquired from untreated control experiments. In addition, in spleen colony assay, Lifukang increased the number of hematopoietic spleen colonies. When samples were administered after irradiation, better results were obtained. The numbers of spleen colonies were increased from 14 colonies to 18.3 or 19.6 colonies when Lifukang was given through P.O. (1 mg/ml in drinking water for 11 days) or I.P. (0.3 mg/ mouse) after irradiation, respectively.

• 한국연초학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.14-24
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• 2008

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of smoking conditions on the in vitro toxicological activity of mainstream smoke. The 2R4F reference cigarette was machine-smoked by International Organization for Standardization(ISO) and Canadian Intense(CI) conditions. Smoke was analysed for chemical composition and in vitro toxicity. The cytotoxic potencies of both the total particulate matter(TPM), which were collected in Cambridge filter pad, and gas/vapor phase(GVP), which was bubbled through in phosphate-buffer saline in a gas-washing bottle, were assessed neutral red up take assay with chinese hamster ovary(CHO) cells. The assessment for genotoxicity of TPMs generated under ISO and CI conditions was determined using Salmonella mutagenicity assay and in vitro micronucleus assay. When calculated on an equal TPM basis, in vitro toxicity of TPM obtained under CI condition was decreased compared to TPM generated under ISO condition. The results of chemical composition analyses revealed that the lower toxicological activity under CI condition than that of ISO condition could be explained by the decreased in the contents of phenols, N-nitrosoamines and aromatic amines of TPM on an equal TPM basis.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.281-290
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• 2018

Exposure to chemical agents is an inevitable consequence of modern society; some of these agents are hazardous to human health. The effects of chemical carcinogens are of great concern in many countries, and international organizations, such as the World Health Organization, have established guidelines for the regulation of these chemicals. Carcinogens are currently categorized into two classes, genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens, which are subject to different regulatory policies. Genotoxic carcinogens are chemicals that exert carcinogenicity via the induction of mutations. Owing to their DNA interaction properties, there is thought to be no safe exposure threshold or dose. Genotoxic carcinogens are regulated under the assumption that they pose a cancer risk for humans, even at very low doses. In contrast, non-genotoxic carcinogens, which induce cancer through mechanisms other than mutations, such as hormonal effects, cytotoxicity, cell proliferation, or epigenetic changes, are thought to have a safe exposure threshold or dose; thus, their use in society is permitted unless the exposure or intake level would exceed the threshold. Genotoxicity assays are an important method to distinguish the two classes of carcinogens. However, some carcinogens have negative results in in vitro bacterial mutation assays, but yield positive results in the in vivo transgenic rodent gene mutation assay. Non-DNA damage, such as spindle poison or topoisomerase inhibition, often leads to positive results in cytogenetic genotoxicity assays such as the chromosome aberration assay or the micronucleus assay. Therefore, mechanistic considerations of tumor induction, based on the results of the genotoxicity assays, are necessary to distinguish genotoxic and non-genotoxic carcinogens. In this review, the concept of threshold of toxicological concern is introduced and the potential risk from multiple exposures to low doses of genotoxic carcinogens is also discussed.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.301-307
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• 2011

Purpose: If the tooth structure is damaged, then it is impossible to regenerate the tooth. The materials used to restore the tooth structure are not related to the composition of the tooth. The materials used to restore the structure can't replace the natural tooth because they just fill the defective structure. Calcium phosphate cement remineralizes the dentin and almost replaces the natural tooth, but there are some disadvantages. We conducted basic tests with Biomimetic CPC (Bio-CPC) to make sure of the possibility of the biomaterial to remineralize the defective tooth structure. Methods: In this study, the bioactivity and biocompatibility of Bio-CPC were evaluated for its potential value as the bio-material for regeneration of damaged tooth structure by conducting a cell toxicity assay (WST-1 assay), a cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay, a chromosomal aberration test, total RNA extraction and RT-PCR on MDPC-23 mouse odontoblast-like cells. Results: The in vitro cytotoxicity test showed that the Bio-CPC was fairly cytocompatible for the MDPC-23 mouse odontoblast-like cells. Conclusion: Bio-CPC has a possibility to be a new biomaterial and further study of Bio-CPC is needed.