• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-34
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• 2003

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$) on performance of finishing pigs and indoor air quality in finishing building. A total 135 crossbred [(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc] pigs were randomly arranged into nine groups and assigned to three treatments. Pigs were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0, 0.5 and 1% level of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$) until the market weight for 40 days of the experimental period. Average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio were significantly improved (p<0.05) with dietary supplementation of 0.5% fermented microbial complex (Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$): however, average daily gain was not affected by dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$). Indoor ammonia and hydrogen sulfide concentrations in the finishing building were significantly(p<0.05) decreased by dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$) compared with those of control, however, indoor carbon dioxide concentration was not affected by dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$). In conclusion, the results obtained from this experiment suggest that the dietary supplementation of fermented microbial complex(Eco-Farm$^{(R)}$) for finishing pigs improved performance and indoor air quality in the finishing building.hing building.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.36-40
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• 1996

For the production of cis, cis-muconic acid via biocatalytic conversion reactions from a toxic cosubstrate, benzoic acid, a fed-batch process using computer-controlled DO-stat feeding was developed. The mutant strain of Pseudomonas putida BM014 produced cis, cis-muconic acid from benzoic acid with high conversion yield. More than 32 g/L of cis, cis-muconic acid was accumulated in 42h and a productivity of 1.4g/(L.h)was achieved.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.490-494
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• 1997

A variety of microbial strains isolated from soil were tested for their ability to produce D-tagatose from D-galactose. An organism that can convert D-galactose into D-tagatose was selected and was identified as Enterobacter agglomerans. The cells grown on the induction medium containing 20 g/l arabinose were found to the best conversion potential among different carbohydrates and the conversion yield was about 15% when 20 gll galactose was used. The isolated crystals were obtained from the culture broth after the purification process such as treatment of ion resins, crystallization, and drying. The recovery yield was 70% after the purification. The crystals were identified as D-tagatose by the infrared spectroscopy, HPLC, specific optical rotation, and melting point.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.331-338
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• 2003

A butyrolactone ester of cefazolin (CFZ-BTL) was synthesized by the esterification of cefazolin (CFZ) with $\alpha$-bromo-${\gamma}$-butyrolactone. The synthesis was confirmed by the spectroscopic analysis. The CFZ-BTL was more lipophilic than the CFZ when assessed by n-octanol/water partition coefficients at various pH. The CFZ-BTL itself did not show any antimicrobial activity in vitro, but after oral administration of CFZ-BTL to rabbits, exerted significant anti-microbial activity in serum samples when measured by the inhibion zone method in nutrient agar plates, due to conversion of CFZ-BTL to an active metabolite, probably CFZ, in the body. The CFZ-BTL was also converted into CFZ as confirmed by in vitro incubation study, with tissue homogenates (liver, blood and intestine) of rabbits. The liver showed the fastest conversion rate, probably via the hydrolysis mechanism. In vivo metabolism of CFZ-BTL to CFZ was also confirmed in vivo serum samples by HPLC. The oral bioavailability of CFZ-BTL in rabbits was 1.6-fold increased when compared to CFZ, resulting from followed by enhanced lipophilicity increased passive absorption in the intestine.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.456-462
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• 2005

More than seventy strains of aerobic bacteria showing ${\beta}$-glucosidase activity were isolated from a ginseng field, using a newly designed Esculin-R2A agar, and identified by their 16S rRNA gene sequences. Of these microorganisms, twelve strains could convert the major ginsenoside, $Rb_1$, to the pharmaceutically active minor ginsenoside Rd. Three strains, Burkholderia pyrrocinia GP16, Bacillus megaterium GP27 and Sphingomonas echinoides GP50, were phylogenetically studied, and observed to be most potent at converting ginsenoside $Rb_1$ almost completely within 48 h, as shown by TLC and HPLC analyses.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1979.04a
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• pp.115.4-116
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• 1979

Acetone-dried cells of Arthrobacter simplex were entrapped in several preparations of hydrophilic urethane prepolymers and their steroid converting ability was examined. SeVeral solvents, such as methanol and propylone glycol, wereeffective for the conversion of hydrocortisone to prednisolone. The stability of the immobilized cells during storage and on repeated reactions was also examined. Thisconvenient entrapping method was also applicable for the immobilization of cellular organelles. yeast peroxisomes. The entrapped peroxi-somessh owed the activities of alcohol oxidase and catalase.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.261-265
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• 1991

In a microbial cell-free extract system, side chain cleavage on various sterols and steroids was tested. The cell-free extracts of Mycobacterium sp. NRRL B-3805 showed the side chain cleavage activity on lithocholic acid to form 5$\beta$-androstan-3.17-dione. The properties of the activity were examined.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.594-595
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• 2006

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.318.1-318.1
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• 2007

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.217-224
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of the conversion of the forest management type from a natural deciduous broad-leaved forest to an artificial evergreen coniferous forest based on organic matter dynamics. We investigated the amounts and carbon contents of the forest floor and the litterfall, soil chemical characteristics and cellulose decomposition rates in the natural deciduous broad-leaved forest and adjacent artificial evergreen coniferous forest. In the artificial evergreen coniferous forest were planted Japanese cypress (Chamaecyparis obtusa) on the upper slope and Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica) on the lower slope. The soil carbon and nitrogen contents, CEC and microbial activity had decreased due to the conversion of the forest management type from a natural deciduous broad-leaved forest to an artificial Japanese cypress forest, and were almost the same for the conversion to a Japanese cedar forest. Under the same conditions, it is considered that the soil fertility was different by planting specific tree species because the organic matter dynamics were changed by them.