• 상하수도학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.627-635
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• 2006

Combined sewer overflow (CSOs) is a primary diffuse source degrading water quality of urban streams. In this study, CSOs caused by 5 different rainfall events at an urban watershed located in Daejeon city were monitored for the indicator microorganism concentrations. Event mean concentration (EMC) of the indicator microorganisms were: total coliform = $2.46{\times}10^6CFU/100mL$; fecal coliform = $1.01{\times}10^6CFU/100mL$; E.coli = $5.20{\times}10^5CFU/100mL$; and Fecal Streptococci = $6.08{\times}10^5CFU/100mL$. In addition, coliform concentrations were well correlated with suspended solid concentrations and the first flush effects were identified. Settling tests were carried out to estimate removal rate of indicator organisms by sedimentation from CSOs. As microorganisms are discharged in association with suspended solid, ten minutes of settlement can lower 44% of indicator microorganism leading.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제56권5호
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• pp.721-727
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• 2023

This study was conducted to evaluate the level of microbial contamination in smoked salmon products sold in hypermarkets in major metropolitan cities in Korea. Listeria monocytogenes is the primary cause of smoked and raw salmon product recalls. Here, we used L. monocytogenes as a bacterial hygiene indicator and investigated the microbial contamination level of frozen/refrigerated smoked salmon products collected from hyper markets. Contamination levels were analyzed by seasons, manufacturers, and consumption regions. For hygiene indicator bacteria, total bacteria count, coliforms, and Escherichia coli were examined according to the food code established by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect Listeria sp. The highest contamination level was observed in spring in Busan among five consumption regions. Listeria was detected at a level of 2.1% among all samples collected. And especially L. monocytogenes was detected in two cases from the samples collected from Daegu and Daejeon. Sanitary standards and specifications should be established according to the contamination level of smoked salmon products investigated in this study, and continuous monitoring is necessary.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.30-38
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• 2012

두 종의 Bacillus와 한 종의 Pseudomonas로 구성된 컨소시엄 미생물제제를 고추 경작지에 첨가하였을 때 경작지 토양의 미생물 다양성 변화를 조사하기 위해 건전한 토양의 지표가 되는 질소순환관여 미생물과 근권토양 내 섬유소 분해기능, 인산가용화기능과 urea 가수분해기능을 가지는 기능성미생물의 활성과 밀도를 측정하였다. 고추 경작지 토양에 컨소시엄 PGPR 미생물인 B. subtilis AH18, B. licheniformis K11과 P. fluorescens 2112의 컨소시엄 미생물제제를 처리하여 토양미생물의 다양성에 변화를 측정하여 컨소시엄 미생물제제의 처리에 의한 근권토양 미생물의 다양성 변화와 고추의 생육에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 컨소시엄 미생물제제 처리구의 경우 Actinomyces spp., Trichoderma spp., 광합성세균과 Azotobacter spp.가 다른 처리구에 비하여 1.7-5배 이상 높았으며, 질소 순환에 관여하는 미생물은 1.4-4배 증가되었다. 또한 기능성 미생물의 다양성도 화학제제나 물처리구와 비교하였을 때 1.3-3배 증가하였다. 건고추 수확량은 컨소시엄 미생물제제를 처리하였을 경우 대조구나 화학제제를 처리하였을 때보다 15%이상 수확량이 증대되었다. 따라서 PGPR 컨소시엄 미생물제제의 처리로 인해 고추 경작지 토양의 근권미생물 다양성과 작물의 생산성에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 것으로 생각된다. 추후 메타지노믹스를 활용하여 미생물 다양성 변화를 추가적으로 확인할 예정이다.

• 환경생물
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.189-196
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• 2002

The direct detection of intestinal pathogens and viruses often requires costly, tedious, and time-consuming procedures. These requirements developed a test to show that the water was contaminated with sewage-borne pathogens by assessing the hygienic quality of water based on indicator microorganisms whose presence indicates that pathogenic microorganisms may also be present. Various groups of microorganisms have been suggested and used as indicator microorganisms. Proposed and commonly used microbial indicators are total coliforms, fecal coliforms, fecal streptococci, Clostridium perfringens, heterotrophic plate count, bacteriophage, and so on. Unfortunately, most, if not all, of these indicators are not ideal because of the sensitivity and resistance to environment stresses and disinfection. However, the development of gene probes and PCR technology may give hope for the discovery of rapid and simple methods toy detecting small number of fecal pathogens in various environments.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.26-32
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• 1990

김치발효 지표로서 미생물군집의 특성을 밝히고자 하였다. 군집크기는 Gram염색법에 의한 현미경직접계수에 의하여 측정하였다. 실온$(15^{\circ}C)$에서 김치발효는 Gram양성균군집, 효모군집 그리고 Gram음성균군집이 순서적으로 천이되었다. Gram양성균군집은 김치를 발효시키는 유산균으로 구성되어 있다. 효모군집의 발달은 김치의 악취를 내는 원인이 되며, Gram음성균군집은 악취와 더불어 김치의 연화작용에 관계된다는 사실이 특정적이었다. 그리고, 외관상의 Gram음성균군은 Gram양성균군집 내의 개체군의 노화와 사멸을 평가하는데 이용될 수 있었다. 특히 저온$(5^{\circ}C)$ 김치발효에서는 효모군집과 Gram 음성균군집이 발달되지 않고 Gram양성균군집만이 발달됨을 알았다. 이 사실로부터 숙성된 김치는 Gram양성균군집에 의하여 만들어짐을 의미한다. 따라서 미생물군집의 발달과 크기는 김치발효의 지표로 이용될 수 있고, 또한 김치숙성도를 수십분 내에 예측하는데 중요한 방법이 될 수 있다.

• 대한의생명과학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.292-304
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• 2018

Microbes is becoming increasingly forensic possibility as a consequence of advances in massive parallel sequencing (MPS) and bioinformatics. Human DNA typing is the best identifier, but it is not always possible to extract a full DNA profile namely its degradation and low copy number, and it may have limitations for identical twins. To overcome these unsatisfactory limitations, forensic potential for bacteria found in evidence could be used to differentiate individuals. Prokaryotic cells have a cell wall that better protects the bacterial nucleoid compared to the cell membrane of eukaryotic cells. Humans have an extremely diverse microbiome that may prove useful in determining human identity and may even be possible to link the microbes to the person responsible for them. Microbial composition within the human microbiome varies across individuals. Therefore, MPS of human microbiome could be used to identify biological samples from the different individuals, specifically for twins and other cases where standard DNA typing doses not provide satisfactory results due to degradation of human DNA. Microbial forensics is a new discipline combining forensic science and microbiology, which can not to replace current STR analysis methods used for human identification but to be complementary. Among the fields of microbial forensics, this paper will briefly describe information on the current status of microbiome research such as metagenomic code, salivary microbiome, pubic hair microbiome, microbes as indicators of body fluids, soils microbes as forensic indicator, and review microbial forensics as the feasibility of microbiome-based human identification.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.439-447
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• 2013

Time-temperature integrators (TTIs) are simple and cost-efficient tools which may be used to predict food quality. Enzymatic TTIs are devised to indicate food quality in the form of color alterations from green to red, based on the cumulative impacts of temperature and time period on the enzymatic reactions. In this study, the quality of ground beef patties was investigated for the parameters of pH levels, color, VBN, water holding capacity, and total microbial counts, depending on various storage temperatures (5, 15, and $25^{\circ}C$). TTIs were attached to the surface of the ground beef patties in order to evaluate the degree of correlating colorimetric changes with the determined quality parameters. Through the Arrhenius equation, activation energy and constant reaction rates of TTI, VBN, and total microbial counts were calculated as to observe the relationship between enzymatic reactions of the TTI and food spoilage reactions of the ground beef patties. VBN and total microbial counts were already increased to reach decomposition index (VBN: 20, total microbial count: 7-8 Log CFU/g) of meat at middle stage of storage period for each storage temperature. Although activation energy of TTI enzymatic reactions and food spoilage reactions of the ground beef patties were similar, the change of TTI color was not a coincidence for food spoilage at $5^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$ of storage temperature. It was suggested that TTI should be designed individually for storage temperature, time, type of meat, or decomposition index of meat.

• 식물병연구
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.225-230
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• 2012

국내 주요 배추재배단지 6곳을 정하여 토양 샘플에서 무름병균을 용균할 수 있는 bacteriophage를 분리하였다. 여름배추를 재배하는 평창과 태백의 토양 샘플에서 국내에서 분리한 15개의 다른 무름병균을 기주로 파지를 분리한 결과 태백의 토양은 다양한 병원균을 기주로 증폭하는 반면 평창의 파지는 두 종류의 균에서만 증폭이 되어 매우 좁은 기주 범위를 가졌다. 무름병균 P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum Pcc3의 균주는 거의 모든 토양 샘플에서 파지를 증폭할 수 있어 앞으로 파지를 이용한 무름병균 예찰 균주로 사용될 수 있는 가능성을 보여 주었다. 국내 무름병균을 용균할 수 있는 파지는 Myoviridae, Podoviridae, Siphoviridae 세 종류로 밝혀 졌으며 국내 거의 전 지역에서 Siphoviridae가 분리되었다.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.10-19
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• 2021

This study investigated how ozone treatment can successfully inactivate pathogenic bacteria in both artificial seawater and effluents discharged from the fishery quarantine station in Pyeongtaek Port, Korea. Vibrio sp. and Streptococcus sp. were initially inoculated into the artificial seawater. All microbes were almost completely inactivated within 10 min and 30 min by injecting 6.4 mg/min and 2.0 mg/min of ozone, respectively. It was discovered that the water storing Pleuronichthys, Pelteobagrus, and Cyprinus imported from China contained the indicator bacteria, Vibrio sp., Enterococcus sp., total coliforms, and heterotrophic microorganisms. Compared to the control, three indicator bacteria were detected at two to six times higher concentrations. The water samples displayed a diverse microbial community, comprising the following four phyla: Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria. Almost all indicator bacteria were inactivated in 5 min at 2.0 mg/min of ozonation; comparatively, 92.9%-98.2% of the less heterotrophic microorganisms were deactivated within the same time period. By increasing the dosage to 6.4 mg/min, 100% deactivation was achieved after 10 min. Despite the almost complete inactivation of most indicator bacteria at high doses after 10 min, several bacterial strains belonging to the Proteobacteria have still been found to be resistant under the given operational conditions.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2014

Glomalin has been suggested as an enhancer for soil stability by promoting the aggregation. In this study, we examined the concentrations of glomalin and microbial characteristics in 25 controlled horticultural soils sampled from Gyeongnam Province. Total glomalin had a significant positive correlation with soil organic matter (p < 0.01), soil microbial biomass carbon (p < 0.05), and dehydrogenase activity (p < 0.05) in controlled horticultural soils. In addition, the total glomalin had a significant positive correlation with concentrations of total fatty acid methyl esters, Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, fungi, and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in controlled horticultural soils (p < 0.001). In conclusion, the concentration of total glomalin could be an indicator of microbial biomass richness for sustainable agriculture in controlled horticultural soils.