• 한국의학물리학회지:의학물리
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.252-260
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• 2012

최근 Computed tomography (CT) 조사선량의 인체에 대한 부정적 영향이 부각됨에 따라 선량을 줄이는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있고, 이로 인하여 소 동물에 관한 연구는 점점 임상전의 연구로서 필수적으로 여겨지고 있다. 최근에는 피폭 선량을 줄일 수 있는 방법으로서 이론적으로 투영 데이터가 충분하지 않을 때 정확하게 영상을 재구성 하는 것이 가능한 Total Variation (TV) minimization 알고리즘이 각광받고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 micro-CT (DRGem, Harmony80H series, Korea) 시스템에서 획득한 적은 수의 투영 데이터를 가지고 TV minimization에 기초한 반복적 영상 재구성 알고리즘과 기존의 Feldkamp-Davis-Kress (FDK) 알고리즘을 사용하여 영상을 재구성하고 두 알고리즘의 영상 화질을 비교 및 평가하였다. TV minimization 알고리즘의 효과를 평가하기 위해서, 먼저 서로 다른 농도의 조영제, 물, 공기가 들어있는 원통형 팬톰을 제작하였고, micro-CT를 사용하여 영상을 획득하였다. Tube와 검출기 일회전 당 최대 400개의 투영 데이터를 획득할 수 있으며, TV minimization 알고리즘의 영상 복원의 정도를 평가하기 위해서 20, 50, 90, 180장의 적은 투영 데이터를 추출하였다. 영상 비교평가를 위한 참고 영상(FDK-reference 영상)은 마찬가지로 400개의 투영데이터를 이용하여 FDK 알고리즘으로 재구성하였고, 20, 50, 90, 180장의 투영데이터를 가지고 TV minimization 알고리즘, FDK 알고리즘을 이용하여 재구성한 영상과 FDK-reference 영상의 프로파일, Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), Universal quality index(UQI)를 각각 비교평가 하였다. 또한, 소 동물에 관한 연구를 위하여 mouse 영상에 관하여 프로파일과 UQI를 분석하여 비교평가 하였다. 결과적으로 90개의 투영데이터를 사용하여 재구성한 원통형 팬톰 영상을 분석하였을 때, TV minimization 영상(TV-90) 및 FDK 영상(FDK-90)의 CNR과 UQI를 비교하였을 때 FDK-90보다 TV-90에서 CNR이 0.21, UQI가 0.18 증가하였다. 원통형 팬톰 영상과 같은 조건에서 mouse 영상을 사용하였을 때, UQI는 FDK-90보다 TV-90에서 0.08 증가하였다. 결론적으로 본 연구결과는 기존의 micro-CT의 투영 데이터의 사분의 일이 되는 투영데이터를 사용하여 영상을 재구성하여 비교평가 한 결과 투영영상 데이터의 수가 제한되는 경우에 FDK 알고리즘보다 TV minimization 알고리즘이 X-ray 조사시간을 줄임으로서 피폭선량을 줄이는데 효과적으로 기여할 것으로 기대된다. 특히, 조사시간의 단축은 물체의 움직임으로 인한 영상 화질의 저하를 감소시키는데 기여할 것으로 사려된다.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2005년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.892-895
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• 2005

This study investigated changes of mechanical characteristics in the trabecular and cortical bone of the lumbar vertebrae of the ovariectomised(OVX) rat. In previous researches, there were many studies for morphology of osteoporotic bones based on Micro-CT (Micro - Computed Tomography). However, there were few studies for detecting and tracking changes of mechanical characteristics in the trabecular bone and cortical bone of the lumbar vertebrae for the OVX rat. For this study, one female Sprague-Dawley rat was used: an OVX rat. The 4th lumbar of the OVX rat was utilized as a specimen. Detecting and tracking changes of mechanical characteristics could be investigated in the trabecular and cortical bone of the lumbar vertebrae for an OVX rat using In-vivo Micro-CT. An OVX rat was scanned at week 0 (just before surgery), at week 4, and week 8 after surgery. Micro finite element(${\mu}\;FE$) analysis was used to investigate mechanical characteristics in the trabecular and cortical bone of the lumbar vertebrae for an OVX rat.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 2007

Purpose : Bone mineral density (BMD) and bone microarchitecture are important determinants for bone strength. Recently micro-CT have provided possibilities for measuring a variety of structural indices to characterize bone microarchitecture. The objective of this study was to compare the BMD and micro-CT parameters with Young's modulus calculated by finite element analysis (FEA) for the evaluation of bone strength. Materials and Methods Bone specimens were obtained from the 18 female rabbits aged 16 weeks. Of those, 36 samples (right and left femur) were selected for 3D micro-CT analysis $(ANT^{TM},\;SKYSCAN,\;Belgium)$ and BMD by PIXlmus 2 (GE Lunar Co. USA). Five microstructural parameters of micro-CT, such as trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), bone specific surface (BS/BV), percent bone volume (BV/TV), structure model index (SMI) and degree of anisotropy (DOA) were studied. Young's modulus was obtained by software program (ANSYS 9.0, ANSYS Inc, Canonsburg, PA) based on micro-CT three dimensional images. Results : Young's modulus assessed by FEA correlated significantly with Tb.Th, BV/TV, BS/BV and SMI respectively. Young's modulus showed higher correlation with these rnicrostructural parameters of micro-CT than BMD. Microstructural parameters except DOA showed significant correlations within the examined group. Conclusion The microarchitectural parameters o( micro-CT and BMD represented some informations in the evaluation of bone strength assessed by FEA.

• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.228-235
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• 2004

하악 과두의 발달과 증식은 측두하악관절 부위의 생역학적 환경의 변화에 따라 변경될 수 있다. 이 부위에 전달되는 생역학적 하중은 섭취하는 음식물의 경도를 다르게 함으로써 변화시킬 수 있다. 이번 연구의 목적은 성장 중인 쥐에서 부드러운 음식물의 섭취에 의해 저작력을 변화시키는 것이 하악 과두의 해면골의 형태를 변화시킬 수 있는지 미세전산화 단층촬영을 이용하여 분석하는 것이었다. 생후 21일 된 C57BL/6 쥐 36마리를 무작위로 두 그룹으로 나누었다. 8주 동안 대조군의 쥐들은 일반적인 딱딱한 덩어리의 사료를, 실험군의 쥐들은 덩어리의 사료를 잘게 갈은 후 물과 섞어 부드럽게 만들어 먹였다. 또한 실험군의 쥐들의 하악 절치를 일주일에 두 번씩 잘라서 짧게 만들었다. 8주 후 모든 쥐들을 희생하여 우측 하악 과두를 준비하였다. 미세전산화 단층촬영과 삼차원 영상 분석프로그램을 이용하여 하악 과두 해면골의 bone volume(BV), bone surface(BS), total volume(TV) bone volume fraction(BV/TV), surface to volume ratio(BS/BV), trabecular thickness(Tb. Th.), structure model index(SMI)와 degree of anisotropy(DA)를 측정하고 이들 값으로부터 trabecular number(Tb. N.)와 trabecular separation (Tb. Sp.)을 계산하였다 미세전산화 단층영상을 얻은 후 하악 과두의 조직 표본을 만들었다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. Bone volume fraction(BV/TV), trabecular thickness(Tb. Th.)와 trabecular number(Tb. N.)가 대조군에 비해 부드러운 음식을 먹인 실험군에서 유의하게 감소되었다(p<0.05). 2. Trabecular separation(Tb. Sp.)은 부드러운 음식을 먹인 실험군에서 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 3. Surface to volume ratio(BS/BV), structure model index(SMI), degree of anisotropy (DA)는 두 군 사이에 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 4. 조직 절편을 관찰한 결과, 부드러운 사료를 먹인 실험군에서 하악 과두의 연골층의 증식 층과 전체 두께가 상당히 감소하였다.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2012

We have examined the effect of circadian disturbances induced by night shifts (NSs) on the phenotypes of the tibiae and abdominal adipose tissues (ADTs) in a mouse model by using in vivo micro-computed tomography (micro-CT). We found that the volumes of total and visceral ADTs in the night-shifted group of mice were significantly larger (69 and 92%, respectively) than those in the control. The mean polar moment of inertia, cross-sectional thickness, and bone mineral density of the cortical bone in the night-shifted group of mice were less (13, 5, and 3%, respectively) than those in the control. Moreover, the volume and the thickness of growth plates (GPs) of the tibiae in the night-shifted mice were significantly smaller (22 and 20%, respectively) than those in the control. Taken together, our results indicate that disturbances in the mouse circadian rhythms induced by NSs affect the morphological characteristics of cortical bone, the volume and the thickness of GPs, and the volume of ADTs.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.518-523
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• 2011

The three dimensional geometries of an aluminum open cell foam before and after uniaxial compressive loading were investigated using the X-ray micro CT(computed tomography). Aluminum 6101-T6 open cell foams of 10, 20, 40 ppi (pore per inch) were considered in this work. After the serial sectioning CT images of aluminum foams were obtained from non-destructive X-ray images, the exact 3D structure were reproduced and visualized with commercial image processing program. The relative density ratio was around the 7.0 to 9.0 range, the unit cells showed anisotropic shapes having the different dimensional ratios of 1.1 to 1.3 between the rise and the transverse directions. The yield stress increased with the relative density ratio and the volumetric strain increased proportionally with compressive strain. The plateau stress in the compressive stress-strain curve was caused by the buckling of ligaments.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.360-360
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• 2011

In this work, SUS310S used for valve plate assembly was electron beam (EB) welded to determine the influence of the parametric conditions on the characteristics of the weld and to minimize porosity and micro-fissures among others. The evolution in the weld geometry and microstructure was examined as a function of the process conditions such as beam current and focusing current under a constant welding speed and accelerating voltage. The integrity of the EB welds in SUS310S was examined for defects (e.g. cracking, porosity, etc.), adequate penetration depth, and tolerable weld width deviation for the various welding conditions. Optical microscopy (OM), x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and 3D micro-computed tomography (Micro-CT) for the cross section analysis of the electron beam welded SUS310S were utilized. The tensile strength and hardness were analyzed for the mechanical properties of the EB weld. At the 6 kV accelerating voltage, it was determined that a satisfactory penetration depth and desirable weld width deviation requires a beam current of 30 mA and a focusing current of 0.687 A at the welding speed of 25 mm/sec.

• Composite Materials and Engineering
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• 제3권3호
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• pp.221-239
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• 2021

This paper presents a multiscale modeling method for sheet molding compound (SMC) composites through a novel bundle packing reconstruction algorithm based on a micro-CT (Computed Tomography) image processing. Due to the complex flow pattern during the compression molding process, the SMC composites show a spatially varying orientation and overlapping of fiber bundles. Therefore, significant inhomogeneity and anisotropy are commonly observed and pose a tremendous challenge to predicting SMC composites' properties. For high-fidelity modeling of the SMC composites, the statistical distributions for the fiber orientation and local volume fraction are characterized from micro-CT images of real SMC composites. After that, a novel bundle packing reconstruction algorithm for a high-fidelity SMC model is proposed by considering the statistical distributions. A method for evaluating specimen level's strength and stiffness is also proposed from a set of high-fidelity SMC models. Finally, the proposed multiscale modeling methodology is experimentally validated through a tensile test.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2007

This study investigated changes of mechanical characteristics of the trabecular and cortical bone in the lumbar vertebrae of the ovariectomised (OVX) rat. In previous researches, there were many studies for morphology of osteoporotic bones based on Micro-Computed Tomography (Micro-CT). However, there were few studies for detecting and tracking changes of mechanical characteristics of the trabecular and cortical bone in the lumbar vertebrae of the OVX rat. For this study, the 4th lumbar of the OVX rat (female Sprague-Dawley) was utilized as a specimen. An OVX rat was scanned at week 0 (just before surgery), at week 4, and week 8 after surgery. Micro-finite element (${\mu}-FE$) analysis was used to investigate mechanical characteristics of the trabecular and cortical bone in the lumbar vertebrae for an OVX rat. When the OVX rat (at week 8) was compared with the OVX rat (at week 0), the structural modulus of cortical and trabecualr bone was decreased by 52% and 99%, respectively. This study showed the change of mechanical characteristics of cortical bone as well as trabecular bone of an OVX rat. Detecting and tracking changes of mechanical characteristics could greatly contribute to an experiment test for the trabecular and cortical bone in the lumbar vertebrae of an OVX rat by using In-vivo Micro-CT.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2012

Objective : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the different patterns of bone loss between the lumbar spine and the femur after ovariectomy in rats. Methods : Twenty-four female Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a sham operation (the sham group) or bilateral ovariectomy (the ovariectomized group). Four and eight weeks after operation, six rats from each of the two groups were euthanized. Serum biochemical markers of bone turnover including osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which are sensitive biochemical markers of bone formation, and the telopeptide fragment of type I collagen C-terminus (CTX), which is a sensitive biochemical marker of bone resorption, were analyzed. Bone histomorphometric parameters of the 4th lumbar vertebrae and femur were determined by micro-computed tomography. Results : Ovariectomized rats were found to have higher osteocalcin, ALP and CTX levels than sham controls. Additionally, 8 weeks after ovariectomy in the OVX group, serum levels of osteocalcin, ALP and CTX were significantly higher than those of 4 weeks after ovariectomy. Bone loss after ovariectomy was more extensive in the 4th lumbar spine compared to the femur. Bone loss in the 4th lumbar spine was mainly caused by trabecular thinning, but in the femur, it was mainly caused by trabecular elimination. Conclusion : The present study demonstrates different patterns of bone loss between the 4th lumbar spine and the femur in ovariectomized rats. Therefore, when considering animal models of osteoporosis, it is important that bone sites should be taken into account.