• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.161-169
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• 2018

Purpose: We assessed the influence of antenatal corticosteroid (ACS) on the inhospital outcomes of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) infants. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted with singletons born at $23^{+0}$ to $33^{+6}weeks$ of gestation at Seoul National University Hospital from 2007 to 2014. We compared clinical outcomes between infants who received ACS 2 to 7 days before birth (complete ACS), at <2 or >7 days (incomplete ACS), and those who did not receive ACS in IUGR and AGA infants. Multivariate logistic regression using Firth's penalized likelihood was performed. Results: 304 neonates with 91 IUGR neonates were eligible. Among AGA neonates, mortality (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.13; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02 to 0.78), hypotension within 7 postnatal days (aOR, 0.20; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.64), and severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) or death (aOR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.07 to 0.77) were lower in complete ACS group after adjusting for pregnancy induced hypertension and uncontrolled preterm labor. Mortality (aOR, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.04 to 0.78), hypotension (aOR, 0.26; 95% CI, 0.09 to 0.70), and severe BPD or death (aOR, 0.33; 95% CI, 0.12 to 0.92) were also lower in the incomplete ACS group. Among IUGR infants, after adjusting for birth weight and 5-minute Apgar score, inhaled nitric oxide use within 14 postnatal days was lower in both complete ACS (aOR, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.67) and incomplete ACS (aOR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.37) groups. Conclusion: ACS was not effective in reducing morbidities in IUGR preterm infants.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.63 no.11
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• pp.438-446
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• 2020

Background: Most developmental screening tools in Korea are adopted from foreign tests. To ensure efficient screening of infants and children in Korea, a nationwide screening tool with high reliability and validity is needed. Purpose: This study aimed to independently develop, standardize, and validate the Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST) for screening infants and children for neurodevelopmental disorders in Korea. Methods: The standardization and validation conducted in 2012-2014 of 3,284 subjects (4-71 months of age) resulted in the first edition of the K-DST. The restandardization and revalidation performed in 2015-2016 of 3.06 million attendees of the National Health Screening Program for Infants and Children resulted in the revised K-DST. We analyzed inter-item consistency and test-retest reliability for the reliability analysis. Regarding the validation of K-DST, we examined the construct validity, sensitivity and specificity, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, and a criterion-related validity analysis. Results: We ultimately selected 8 questions in 6 developmental domains. For most age groups and each domain, internal consistency was 0.73-0.93 and test-retest reliability was 0.77-0.88. The revised K-DST had high discriminatory ability with a sensitivity of 0.833 and specificity of 0.979. The test supported construct validity by distinguishing between normal and neurodevelopmentally delayed groups. The language and cognition domain of the revised K-DST was highly correlated with the K-Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II's Mental Age Quotient (r=0.766, 0.739), while the gross and fine motor domains were highly correlated with Motor Age Quotient (r=0.695, 0.668), respectively. The Verbal Intelligence Quotient of Korean Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scales of Intelligence was highly correlated with the K-DST cognition and language domains (r=0.701, 0.770), as was the performance intelligence quotient with the fine motor domain (r=0.700). Conclusion: The K-DST is reliable and valid, suggesting its good potential as an effective screening tool for infants and children with neurodevelopmental disorders in Korea.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.10-21
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• 2021

This study analyzed how external variables, such as the supply policy of shared bicycles and the spread of infectious diseases, affect the demand for shared bicycle use in the COVID-19 era. In addition, this paper presents a methodology for more accurate predictions. The Seasonal Auto-Regulatory Integrated Moving Average with Exogenous stressors methodology was applied to capture the effects of exogenous variables on existing time series models. The exogenous variables that affected the future demand for shared bicycles, such as COVID-19 and the supply of public bicycles, were statistically significant. As a result, from the supply volume and COVID-19 outbreak according to the scenario, it was estimated that approximately 46,000 shared bicycles would be supplied by 2022, and the COVID-19 cases would continue to be at the current level. In addition, approximately 32 million and 45 million units per year will be needed in 2021 and 2024, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.29-40
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• 2021

Risk factors that threaten public safety such as crime, fire, and traffic accidents have spatial characteristics. Since each region has different dangerous environments, it is necessary to analyze the spatial pattern of risk factors for each sector such as traffic accident, fire, crime, and living safety. The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of local safety level index, which act as an index that rates the safety level of each sector (traffic accident, fire, crime, living safety, suicide, and infectious disease) for basic local governments across the nation. The following analysis tools were used to analyze the spatial autocorrelation of local safety level index : Global Moran's I, Local Moran's I, and Getis-Ord's G⁎i. The result of the analysis shows that the distribution of safety level on traffic accidents, fire, and suicide tends to be more clustered spatially compared to the safety level on crime, living safety, and infectious disease. As a result of analyzing significant spatial correlations between different regions, it was found that the Seoul metropolitan areas are relatively safe compared to other cities based on the integrated index of local safety. In addition, hot spot analysis using statistical values from Getis-Ord's G⁎i derived three hot spots(Samchuck, Cheongsong-gun, and Gimje) in which safety-vulnerable areas are clustered and 15 cold spots which are clusters of areas with high safety levels. These research findings can be used as basic data when the government is making policies to improve the safety level by identifying the spatial distribution and the spatial pattern in areas with vulnerable safety levels.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.257-268
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• 2021

As the variety and scale of facilities increase due to industrialization and urbanization, blind spots for facility safety management have occurred, resulting in numerous casualties.To meet safety and security needs of citizens living in smart cities, we present a procedure for establishing an integrated platform for facility safety management by combining 5G and digital twin technologies. It can be used to perform inspection according to risk factors and aging of facilities. In this paper, the current status of facility management and application directions of new 5G digital twin-based smart city technologies are reviewed and digital twin implementation procedures are presented. Five cities were selected as target areas: Osan, Gwangmyeong, Guri, Uijeongbu, and Anyang. Old and emergency facilities of each local government were selected. A total of 33 digital twin facilities reflecting policy directions of each city were selected. Focusing on facilities determined by each city, the purpose of this study was to define information technology infrastructure elements for the application of the 5G digital twin facility safety management integrated platform, define categories of implementation services, and suggest a concrete integrated platform configuration plan.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.117-132
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• 2021

Due to the terrain in Korea, there are many road sections passing through mountainous areas. During the winter, there is a higher risk of traffic accidents, due to black ice caused by the lack of sunlight. Despite domestic road freezing safety measures, accidents caused by road freezing results in severe traffic accidents. Under these considerations, this study analyzed whether traffic safety signs that change in response to the external temperature help drivers recognize frozen road segments. The study was conducted through analysis of the effect of the signs on a driver's perspective. For the signs under development, out of the signs designed by experts, the sign design which received the highest visibility and effectiveness evaluation ratings from the general public was selected. The sign was implemented through Virtual Reality (VR) and installed on the right side of the road to analyze the effect on gazing and driving behavior. As a result of analyzing the driver's driving behavior, a speed reduction of about 7km/h or more was found in the sign section. Therefore, It was found that the existence of the sign had a strong relationship with the rate of the drivers' speed reduction.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.177-191
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• 2021

One of the major causes of serious air pollution worldwide is emissions from road transportation. A number of countries are working to reduce vehicle emissions, and the Seoul Metropolitan Government is also implementing active policies to reduce emissions by setting a target of 40% by 2030. Implementing these policies requires the introduction of practical indicators. Most of the domestic emissions are calculated by the emission coefficient, a function of speed at the National Institute of Environmental Research under the Ministry of Environment, but the dynamic variable speed is limited to being used as an indicator of the number of eco-friendly vehicles. Therefore, this study calculated the emission rates in Seoul using the vehicle registration data of Seoul and the vehicle inspection data from the Korea Transportation Safety Authority. The tendency of emissions was determined according to key variables such as vehicle type, fuel and mileage. Emissions were based on carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter measured by vehicle inspection from the Korea Transportation Safety Authority. As a result, the emission rates showed a significant trend according to the model year and mileage. This can be used as a policy indicator to preferentially switch commercial vehicles with old model years and long mileage when switching eco-friendly vehicles in Seoul.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.176-187
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• 2022

Due to recent mid-scale earthquakes in the Korean Peninsula, the Korean central and local governments are preparing new measures for earthquake hazard mitigation. Geological and geotechnical information is essential for earthquake hazard assessment. Thus, related data have been collected and assimilated as DBs by various national organizations. However, several problems arise when local governments intend to use this information to establish earthquake hazard mitigation measures. In the case of the geological information, small-scale geological maps make it difficult to acquire detailed information, whereas lithofacies and faults do not often match at the boundaries of large-scale geological maps. Significant geotechnical information is lost due to lack of digitalization. Present study proposes four policy plans for geological and geological information management. First, it is necessary to link industry-academictechnology fields to use the information that has already been or to be produced more efficiently and professionally. Second, local government regulations are required to be enacted and revised to accumulate a lot of geological and geotechnical information. Third an expert system should be prepared to improve the quality of the information. Fourth, it is necessary to establish a dedicated department and expand budget support for efficient information management.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.882-889
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to improve fire safety in Gosiwon, a residential space for the low-income class. Method: Problems appearing in the process of fire occurrence and damage were verified once again. In addition, we would like to suggest improvement measures through systematic discussions on blind spots. Results: As a result of examining the risk of cool fire, the causes of fire occurred in various ways. In addition, the possibility of radiant heat due to heat accumulation due to narrow rooms inside the Gosiwon was high. Also, it was found that the possibility of fire spread was high due to clothing and household goods. It was reconfirmed that the poor internal structure of a narrow indoor space had a significant effect on the spread of fire and the scale of damage as it tried to accommodate as many people as possible inside. Conclusion: It is necessary to complete the installation as soon as possible for Gosiwon where the simple sprinkler is not installed. For this, a stronger driving force from the government and local governments is needed. In addition, it will be necessary to discuss how to improve the spatial and structural fire vulnerabilities that appear due to the structural characteristics of the Gosiwon.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.93-103
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• 2021

The special means of transportation introduced to improve the mobility of the transportation vulnerable met the number of legal standards in 2016, but lack of development in terms of quality, such as the existence of long waiting times. In order to streamline the operation of special means of transportation, long-term standby traffic, which is the top 25% of the wait time, was extracted from the Daegu Metropolitan Government's special transportation history data, and spatial autocorrelation analysis and social network analysis were conducted. As a result of the analysis, the correlation between the average waiting time of special transportation users and the space was high. As a result of the analysis of internal degree centrality, the peak time zone is mainly visited by general hospitals, while the off-peak time zone shows high long-term waiting demand for visits by lawmakers. The analysis of external degree centrality showed that residential-based traffic demand was high in both peak and off-peak hours. The results of this study are considered to contribute to the improvement of the quality of the operation of special transportation means, and the academic implications and limitations of the study are also presented.