• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.1433-1441
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• 2013

The adsorption ability of wood-based activated carbon to adsorb methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) from aqueous solution has been investigated. Adsorption studies were carried out on the batch experiment at different initial MB and CV concentrations (MB=150 mg/L~400 mg/L, CV=50 mg/L~350 mg/L), contact time, and temperature. The results showed that the MB and CV adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic and intraparticle diffusion was the rate-limiting step. Adsorption equilibrium data of the adsorption process fitted very well to both Langmuir and Freundlich model. The maximum adsorption capacity ($q_m$) by Langmuir constant was 416.7 mg/g for MB and 462.4 mg/g for CV. The thermodynamic parameters such as ${\Delta}H^{\circ}$, ${\Delta}S^{\circ}$ and ${\Delta}G^{\circ}$ were evaluated. The MB and CV adsorption process was found to be endothermic for the two dyes.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 1978

The purpose of this study was to measure penetration of dye stuff(5% Methylene blue, Hematoxylin, Crystal violet and Safranin-O) on silicate cement, Adaptic, Hi-pol and unfilled resin. Each filling material was mixed on the mixing pad and the mixed material was inserted with condensation force of 500gr, 1000gr and 2000gr and without condensation force into preformed glass tube (10mm in diameter and 10mm in height). The specimen was stored in the air for 24 hours, then specimen was immersed in various dye solution (5% methylene blue, hematoxin, crystal violet and safranin-O) for different period of time (l hour and 24 hours). These dye-treated specimen was cut horizontally at the middle portion and the dye penetration in cut surface was measured. Following results were obtained. 1. Pentration of various dye was excessive in silicate cement with and without Condensation force. 2. There has been no evidence of dye penetration in unfilled resin. 3. Dye penetration occurced with in 1 hour period and the extending time didn't affect the dye penetration.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.23 no.12
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• pp.1816-1818
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• 2002

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.79-87
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• 2004

The objectives of this study were to select superior fungus for lignin degradation and to decolor dyes by selected fungus. Ligninolytic fungi were screened and isolated from decayed woods. Ten ligninolytic fungi were selected by ligninolytic enzyme activity on the PDA media containing rhemazol brilliant blue R, guaiacol and gallic acid. Their lignin degradation abilities were tested on the extractive-free wood powder of Quercus acutissima and Pinus densiflora. As a result, 8J-28 was selected as superior fungus for lignin degradation. Also, decolorization abilities of dyes were examined by shaking and static culture. And congo red, crystal violet, poly R-478, methylene blue used to investigate decolorization abilities of dyes. As a result, 8J-28 showed over 90% in decolorization of congo red, crystal violet, poly R-478.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.153-164
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• 1972

With an effort to clarify the nature of the azurphil granules which occasionally occur in the circulating lymphocytes, these granules were investigated by examining smear of the peripheral blood of the chikens in various stage of the individual growth and after injection of methylene blue and gentian violet. In addition, the fine structure of these granules were also investigated. The results were: 1. These granules were first occurred in the lymphocytes just after their hatching (0.004%). The proportion of lymphocytes containing these granules were increased with their growth and in adult chicken its occurrence was higher than mammals. 2. Marked variations in its fine structure, particularly in its size and cotents, were noted but they were believed to belong to categories of lysosome of de Duve. 3. Lymphocytes containing azurophil granule were increased after injection of the non-immunogenic substances, such as gentian violet and methylene blue. 4. From the above results, chicken is bettor animal to study theme granules because of its higher occurrence. They are believed to have intimate relationship with bodily cellular reaction against the foreign materials because they are increased after non-immunogenic stimuli.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.55-59
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• 2012

Defects such as voids or seams are frequently found in TSV via filling process. To achieve defect-free copper via filling, organic additives such as suppressor, accelerator and leveler were necessary in a copper plating bath. However, by-products stemming from the breakdown of these organic additives reduce the lifetime of the devices and plating solutions. In this research, the effects of levelers on copper electrodeposition were investigated without suppressor and accelerator to lower the concentration of additives. Threelevelers(janus green B, methylene violet, diazine black) were investigated to study the effects of levelers on copper deposition. Electrochemical behaviors of these levelers were different in terms of deposition rate. Filling performances were analyzed by cross sectional images and its characteristics were different with variations of levelers.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.361-372
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• 2019

Effect of different alkane based solvents on the stability of emulsion liquid membrane was investigated using normal alkanes (n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane and n-decane) under various operating parameters of surfactant concentration, emulsification time, internal phase concentration, volume ratio of internal phase to organic phase, volume ratio of emulsion phase to external phase and stirring speed. Results of stability revealed that emulsion liquid membrane containing n-octane as solvent and span-80 (5 % (w/w)) as emulsifying agent presented the highest amount of emulsion stability (the lowest breakage) compared with other solvents; however, operating parameters (surfactant concentration (5% (w/w)), emulsification time (6 min), internal phase concentration (0.05 M), volume ratio of internal phase to organic phase (1/1), volume ratio of emulsion phase to external phase (1/5) and stirring speed (300 rpm)) were also influential on improving the stability (about 0.2% breakage) and on achieving the most stable emulsion. The membrane with the highest stability was employed to extract acridine orange with various concentrations (10, 20 and 40 ppm) from water. The emulsion liquid membrane prepared with n-octane as the best solvent almost removed 99.5% of acridine orange from water. Also, the prepared liquid membrane eliminated completely (100%) other cationic dyes (methylene blue, methyl violet and crystal violet) from water demonstrating the efficacy of prepared emulsion liquid membrane in treatment of dye polluted waters.

• Carbon letters
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2008

The objective of this work is to study the feasibility of the preparation of the activated carbon (AC) from coconut tree flowers using high temperature fluidized bed reactor (HTFBR). The activating agent used in this work is steam. The reactor was operated at various activation temperature (650, 700, 750, 800 and $850^{\circ}C$) and activation time (30, 60, 120 and 240 min) for the production of AC from coconut tree flowers. Effect of activation time and activation temperature on the quality of the AC preparation was observed. Prepared AC was characterized in-terms of iodine number, methylene blue number, methyl violet number, ethylene glycol mono ethyl ether (EGME) surface area and SEM photographs. The best quality of AC from coconut tree flowers (CFC) was obtained at an activation temperature and time of $850^{\circ}C$ and 1 hr restectively. The effectiveness of carbon prepared from coconut tree flowers in adsorbing crystal violet from aqueous solution has been studied as a function of agitation time, carbon dosage, and pH. The adsorption of crystal violet onto AC followed second order kinetic model. Adsorption data were modeled using both Langmuir and Freundlich classical adsorption isotherms. The adsorption capacity $q_m$ was 277.78 mg/g., equilibrium time was found to be 180 min. This adsorbent from coconut tree flowers was found to be effective for the removal of CV dye.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.67-72
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• 2012

In recent days, the wire width of IC is narrowed and the degree of integration of IC is increased to obtain the higher capacity of the devices in electronic industry. And then the surface quality of FCCL(Flexible Copper Clad Laminate) became increasingly important. Surface defects on FCCL are bump, scratch, dent and so on. In particular, bumps cause low reliability of the products. Even though there are bumps on the surface, if leveling characteristic of plating solution is good, it does not develop significant bump. In this study, the leveling characteristics of additives are investigated. The objective of study is to improve the leveling characteristic and reduce the surface step through additives and plating conditions. The additives in the electrodeposition bath are critical to obtain flat surface and free of defects. In order to form flat copper surface, accelerator, suppressor and leveler are added to the stock solution. The reason for the addition of leveler is planarization surface and inhibition of the formation of micro-bump. Levelers (SO(Safranin O), MV(Methylene Violet), AB(Alcian Blue), JGB(Janus Green B), DB(Diazine Black) and PVP(Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone) are used in copper plating solution to enhance the morphology of electroplated copper. In this study, the nucleation and growth behavior of copper with variation of additives are studied. The leveling characteristics are analyzed on artificially fabricated Ni bumps.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.155-163
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• 1986

The purpose of this study was to measure penetration of dye stuff (2% Methylene blue, 2% Hematoxylin, 2% crystal violet and 2% safranin-O) on unfilled resin (Lang Dental MFG Co.) Hipol (Boopyung Dental Chemical Co. Macrocomposite resin) Durafill (Kulzer, Co. Microfilled Composite resin) and Heliosit (Vivadent Co. Microfilled Composite resin) The unfilled resin with dough stage was inserted into plastic tuble (5mm in diameter and 4mm in height) with condensation force of 1000 gr, 2000 gr and without condensation force. Hipol mixed on the mixed pad was inserted into the plastic tube by the same method as the unfilled resin. The microfilled resins which were Durafill and Heliosit were polymerized for 60 seconds with the visible light on each surface of the plastic tube which was upper and lower, under condensation force of 1000 gr, 2000 gr and without condensation force. All specimens were stored in the air for 24 hours, then specimens were immersed in the various kind of dye solution for different period of time (1 hour and 24 hours). These dye-treated specimens were polished horizontally until removing 0.5mm of each surface on the emery paper (#1000), and the dye penetration in the polished surface was measured under the digital microscope (Japan Fosuh). Following results were obtained 1. The penetration of dyes was the most excessive in Durafill and was not influenced on the condensation force and the period of immersion time. 2. All dyes were penetrated into Hipol, and Crystal violet was penetrated most excessively in all dyes. 3. The penetration of dye in all resins was not influenced by the period of immersion time and condensation force. 4. There was no evidence of dye penetration in unfilled resin.