• 약학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.197-206
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• 1984

The derivatives of N-(alkylcarbamoyl) amino acid methyl ester, N-(2-chloroethylcarbamoyl)-glycine methyl ester (7a), -valine methyl ester (8a), -phenylalanine methyl ester (9a), N-(N'-methylcarbamoyl)-glycine methyl ester (7b), -valine methyl ester (8b), and-phenylalanine methyl ester (9b), were prepared by reacting the corresponding free amino acid methyl ester (glycine-, valine-, phenylalanine-methyl ester) with isocyanate (R-N=C=O${\cdot};R=Cl-CH_2-CH_2-or\; CH_3-)$. The prepared N-(alkylcarbamoyl) amino acid methyl esters (7,8,9) were treated with $NaNO_2$/98% HCOOH in order to obtain their nitrosoated products, N-(alkyl-N'-nitrosocarbmoyl)amino acid methyl ester. The compound (7,8,9) gave N-(2-chloroethyl-N'-nitrosocarbamoyl)-valine methyl ester (14a),-phenylalanine methyl ester (15a), N-(N'-alkyl-N'-nitrosocarbamoyl)-glycine methyl ester (13b),-valine methyl ester. (14b), and-phenylalanine methyl ester (15b) respectively under the nitrosoation. On the other hand, N-(2-chloroethylcarbamoyl) glycine methyl ester produced N-(2-chloroethylcarbamoyl)-N-nitrosoglycine methyl ester (13a). The inhibitory activity of the prepared N-(alkylcarbamoyl) amino acid methyl ester (7,8,9) and N-(alkyl-N'-nitrosocarbamoyl) amino acid methyl ester (13,14,15) towards the growth of L1210 murine leukemia cells were examined. Among them the compound (14a) and (15a) exhibit excellent activity having $ED_{50}\; to\;be\;1.5{\mu}g/ml\;and\;3.0{\mu}g/ml respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.168-173
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• 2007

형광을 이용한 암 진단을 위해 배양된 정상 및 암세포주에 광민감제인 5-ALA, ALA-methyl ester를 투여하고 세포 내 외에서 생성된 Protoporphyrin IX (PpIX)의 형광을 측정하여 5-ALA, ALA-methyl ester 투여의 최적 농도를 조사하였다. 정상 간세포주 (Chang) 및 간암 세포주 (HepG2)에 5-ALA와 ALA-methyl ester를 농도별로 투여하여 5-ALA와 ALA-methyl ester에 의해 유도된 PpIX의 생성을 확인하고, MTT assay로 세포생존율을 측정하였다. 배양된 cell에 5-ALA와 ALA-methyl ester를 투여한 후 24시간 동안 배양함으로써 생성되는 PpIX의 양은 형광의 강도로 측정하였다. 이 때의 형광 (emission) 스펙트럼은 여기 파장이 410 nm일 때 603.2 nm, 660.5 nm와 603.2 nm 및 661.4에서 형광 봉우리가 관찰되었다. PpIX의 형광 강도를 측정한 결과, PpIX는 정상세포에서는 낮은 농도로 축적이 되는 반면에 암세포에서 더 높은 농도로 축적되었으며, 세포 외보다는 세포 내에서 더 높은 농도로 축적됨을 알 수 있었다. 또한 5-ALA 및 ALA-methyl ester에 의한 PpIX의 생성에 대한 형광 강도는 ALA-methyl ester가 5-ALA보다 더 큰 것으로 관찰되었다.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.275-280
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• 2018

Methyl ester derived from coconut oil is very interesting to study since it contains free-fatty acid with chemical structure of medium carbon chain ($C_{12}-C_{14}$), so the methyl ester obtained from its part can be a biodiesel and another partially into biokerosene. The use of heterogeneous catalysts in the production of methyl ester requires severe conditions (high pressure and high temperature), while at low temperature and atmospheric conditions, yield of methyl ester is relatively very low. By using microwave irradiation trans-esterification reaction with heterogeneous catalysts, it is expected to be much faster and can give higher yields. Therefore, we studied the production of methyl ester from coconut oil using CaO catalyst assisted by microwave. Our aim was to find a kinetic model of methyl ester production through a transesterification process from coconut oil assisted by microwave using heterogeneous CaO catalyst. The experimental apparatus consisted of a batch reactor placed in a microwave oven equipped with a condenser, stirrer and temperature controllers. Batch process was conducted at atmospheric pressure with a variation of CaO catalyst concentration (0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0, 2.5%) and microwave power (100, 264 and 400 W). In general, the production process of methyl esters by heterogeneous catalyst will obtain three layers, wherein the first layer is the product of methyl ester, the second layer is glycerol and the third layer is the catalyst. The experimental results show that the yield of methyl ester increases along with the increase of microwave power, catalyst concentration and reaction time. Kinetic model of methyl ester production can be represented by the following equation: $-r_{TG}=1.7{\cdot}10^6{_e}{\frac{-43.86}{RT}}C_{TG}$.

• 약학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.219-225
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• 1989

2,6-dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid 3-methyl 5-(2'-methylthio)ethyl ester methyl iodide salt (7a) was hydrolyzed by treatment with NaOH in aquous EtOH solution to give 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid mono methyl ester (2b) in 88% yield. By the same procedure, 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridinine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid 3-mono isopropyl ester (2c), 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid 3-mono methyl ester (2d), 2,6-dimethyl-4-(2',3'-dichlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid 3-mono methyl ester (2e) and 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridin-3,5-dicarboxylic acid (2f) were obtained from the methyl iodide salts in 91-98% yield.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.73-86
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• 1976

다음과 같은 새로운 4종의 N-(arylsulfonyl)benzamide 유도체와 6종의 N-(arylsulfonyl)benzimidothiophenyl ester 유도체를 합성하였다. m-methyl-N-(arylsulfonyl)benzamide, p-methyl-N-(arylsulfonyl)benzamide, m-nitro-N-(arylsulfonyl)benzamide, p-methoxy-N-(arylsulfonyl)benzamide, p-methyl-N-(arylsulfonyl)benzimidothiophenyl esters, m-methyl-N-(arylsulfonyl)benzimidothiophenyl ester, p-methoxy-N-(arylsulfonyl)benzimidothiophenyl ester, p-nitro-N-(arylsulfonyl)benzimidothiophenyl ester, m-nitro-N-(arylsulfonyl)benzimidothiophenyl ester, p-chloro-N-(arylsulfonyl)benzimidothiophenyl ester. 넓은 pH 범위에서 N-(arylsulfonyl)benzimidothiophenyl esters 유도체의 가수분해속도 상수를 자외선 분광광도법으로 측정하여 넓은 pH 범위에 적용되는 반응속도식을 구하였다. 이 속도식과 치환기효과등으로부터 N-arylsulfonylbenzimidothiophenyl esters 유도체에 대한 가수분해 반응메카니즘을 제안하였다. 즉 pH 11 이상에서는 hydroxide ion이 pH 9 이하에서는 azomethine 기에 물분자가 첨가되므로서 반응이 시작되며 pH 9∼11 사이에서는 물분자와 hydroxide ion이 경쟁적으로 반응함을 알았다.

• 식품보건융합연구
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2023

Oil was extracted from cashew nuts. The physicochemical parameters of the oil were determined. A chromatographic assay of the oil was carried out using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Seventeen compounds were detected: Phenol, Phenol 2-methyl-, Cyclohexene 4, 4-dimethyl-, m-Fluoro-2-diazoacetophenone 4-dimethyl-, Tetradecanoic acid, Phenol 4-octyl-, n-Hexadecanoic acid. Others are 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) - methyl ester, Hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, Methyl stearate, Dodecanoic acid methyl ester, 9, 12, 15-Octadecatrienoic acid methyl ester, 9, 12, 15-Octadecatrienoic acid (Z, Z, Z)-, Oleic acid, Octadecanoic acid, Tetracosanoic acid and 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester. Among the components are omega three and omega six essential free fatty acids. The rheological profiling and flow properties of cashew nut oil were determined using a Programmable Rheometer. Cashew nut oil exhibits slight dilatant behaviour at the low end of shear rate. The long chain and high molecular weight of its constituents controlled its rheology. Long-chained 9-Octadecenoic acid methyl ester, 9, 12-Octadecadienoic acid (Z, Z) - methyl ester, Tetracosanoic acid and methyl stearate, coupled with their high molecular weights are responsible for the shear thickening effect observed. Two models, Carreau-Yasuda and Ostwald-de Waele Power Law were employed to fit the rheological data. The Carreau-Yasuda model followed well the data.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2019

In this study, we demonstrate the effects of the acidic properties of montmorillonite (MMT), which is commonly used as a catalyst, on the conversion and selectivity of the dimer acid methyl ester (DAME) synthesis. We synthesize DAME by the dimerization of conjugated linoleic acid methyl ester (CLAME) and oleic acid methyl ester using MMT KSF. Incidentally, trimer acid methyl ester was formed as a by-product during the DAME synthesis. There is a necessity to adequately adjust the strength and quantity of the acid site to control the selectivity of DAME. Therefore, we vary the pH of the MMT acid by using various metal hydroxides. The purpose of this study is to increase the yield of monocyclic dimer acid methyl ester, which is a substance with adequate physical properties for industrial applications (e.g., lubricant and adhesive, etc.), using a heterogeneous catalyst. We report the dimerization of fatty acid methyl ester by using base treated-KSF, and apply it to conjugated soybean oil methyl ester. Then, we transmute the acid site properties of KSF, such as pH of 5 wt.% slurry KSF and various alkali metals (Li, Na, K, Ca). Characterization of base treated-KSF using a pH meter, x-ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller surface analysis, and temperature-programmed desorption. We conduct an analysis of CLAME and DAME using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and gel permeation chromatography. Through these experiments, we demonstrate the effects of the acidic properties of KSF on the conversion and selectivity of the DAME synthesis, and evaluate its industrial potential by application to waste vegetable oil.

• 약학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.280-284
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• 1989

When 2,6-Dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-1,4-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarboxylic acid 3-mono methyl ester(3) was reacted with dimethyl methylene ammonium chloride (5a) and $K_2CO_3$ in DMF, 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-5-(N,N-dimethylamino)methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester (6a) was obtained in 41% yield. As the same procedure with compound (3) and the other dialkylaminomethylating reagents (5b, c, d, e), 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-5-(N,N-diethylamino)methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid methylester(6b), 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-5-(1'-pyrrolidinyl)methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester (6c), 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-5-(1'-piperidinyl)methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester (6d) and 2,6-dimethyl-4-(3'-nitrophenyl)-5-(1'-morpholinyl)methyl-1,4-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester (6e) were obtained in 28%, 49%, 48% and 18% yield respectively.

• ALGAE
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2016

Arctic microalgae thrive and support primary production in extremely cold environment. Three Arctic green microalgal strains collected from freshwater near Dasan Station in Ny-Alesund, Svalbard, Arctic, were analyzed to evaluate the optimal growth conditions and contents of fatty acids. The optimal growth temperature for KNF0022, KNF0024, and KNF0032 was between 4 and 8℃. Among the three microalgal strains, KNF0032 showed the maximal cell number of 1.6 × 107 cells mL^-1 at 4℃. The contents of fatty acids in microalgae biomass of KNF0022, KNF0024, and KNF0032 cultured for 75 days were 37.34, 73.25, and 144.35 mg g^-1 dry cell weight, respectively. The common fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) analyzed from Arctic green microalgae consisted of palmitic acid methyl ester (C16:0), 5,8,11-heptadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (C17:3), oleic acid methyl ester (C18:1), linoleic acid methyl ester (C18:2), and α-linolenic acid methyl ester (C18:3). KNF0022 had high levels of heptadecanoic acid methyl ester (26.58%) and heptadecatrienoic acid methyl ester (22.17% of the total FAMEs). In KNF0024 and KNF0032, more than 72.09% of the total FAMEs consisted of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid methyl ester from KNF0032 was detected at a high level of 20.13% of the FAMEs. Arctic freshwater microalgae are able to increase the levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids under a wide range of growth temperatures and can also be used to produce valuable industrial materials.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.356-360
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• 1980

팔면체 구조를 갖는 Co(Ⅲ) glycine methyl ester 착물을 합성하고 원소분석과 적외선 스펙트럼 및 핵자기공명스펙트럼을 이용하여, 이들 착물의 구조에 관하여 고찰하였다. 이들 중 $[Co(gly)_2(glycinemethylester)Cl]Cl_2$ 착물은 양이온 교환수지인 Dowex 50W-X8을 이용하여 분히하였으며, 가능한 기하학적 이성질체는 $C_1-cis(0-0), C_2-cis(0-0), trans(0-0)$ 형태의 구조를 가지고 있음을 확인하였다.