• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.394-399
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• 2009

The esterification of palmitic acid in Jatropha Oil using 8wt% p-TSA catalyst was done at the 1:8 molar ratio of oil to methanol and $65^{\circ}C$. The conversion of palmitic acid appeared to be 95.3% in 60min. After that, the continuous transesterification of the oil using 0.5wt% KOH, 0.8wt% TMAH mixed catalyst[40vol% KOH(0.5wt%) + 60vol% TMAH(0.8wt%)] and 1.1wt% TMAH was conducted with the flow rates and the molar ratios at $65^{\circ}C$. The overall conversion of Jatropha Oil increased with the decrease of flow rate and showed 95.6% with 9ml/min of flow rate at the 1:8 molar ratio of oil to methanol and $65^{\circ}C$. But it showed 87% with 15ml/min of flow rate at the same conditions. The recovery of methanol(%) appeared to be 86% at the 1:8 molar ratio of oil to methanol, mixed catalyst and $65^{\circ}C$.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.45-48
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• 2008

This paper presents a passive air-breathing direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) which has been designed and tested. The single cell is fuelled by methanol vapor that is supplied through flow channel from a methanol reservoir at the anode, and the oxygen is supplied via natural air-breathing at the cathode. The methods for supplying the methanol vapor to the single cell were parallel channel and chamber. This research investigates various methods to identify the effects of using flow channels for providing the methanol vapor at the anode, and the opening ratio between the inlet and outlet ports for the methanol flow at the anode. The best flow channel condition for passive DMFC was a chamber, and the opening ratio was 0.8. Under these conditions, the peak power was 10.2mW/$cm^2$ at room temperature and ambient pressure. The key issues for the Passive DMFCs for using methanol vapor are that sufficient methanol needs to be supplied using a large as possible opening ratio. However, it is shown that the performance of the passive DMFC, which has a channel at the anode,is low due to the low differential pressure and insufficient methanol supply rate.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.261-269
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• 2015

In this study, numerical analysis of curved channel steam-methanol reformer was conducted using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) commercial code STAR-CCM. A pre-numerical analysis of reference model with a cylindrical channel reactor was performed to validate the combustion model of the CFD commercial code. The result of advance validation was in agreement with reference model over 95%. After completing the validation, a curved channel reactor was designed to determine the effects of shape and length of flow path on methanol conversion efficiency and generation of hydrogen. Numerical analysis of the curved-channel reformer was conducted under various flow rate ($10/15/20{\mu}l/min$). As a result, the characteristics of flow and mass transfer were confirmed in the cylindrical channel and curved channel reactor, and useful information about methanol conversion efficiency and hydrogen generation was obtained for various flow rate.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.518-521
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• 2004

Ginseng saponin was isolated from panax ginseng root using high-speed countercurrent chromatography (HSCCC). Preliminary studies were performed to optimize physical properties of two-phase solvent system and operating parameters including rotation speed of column, elution mode of mobile phase, and flow rate. Two-phase solvent system for isolation of ginseng saponins was composed of chloroform, water, and methanol as blending solvent. Chloroform-aqueous methanol (4:6) systems with various concentration of methanol in water were evaluated for retention of stationary phase in column. Retention of stationary phase decreased with increasing flow rate in tail-to-head elution mode using upper phase as mobile phase and head-to-tail elution mode using lower phase as mobile phase. Latter mode produced high retention at flow rate of 5 mL/min. Optimum conditions for isolation of saponin were chloroform/methanol/water (40/39/21) solvent system; mobile phase, of lower organic layer, flow rate, of 5 mL/min, head to tail elution mode, rotation speed, of 800 rpm, and sample injection, of $200{\mu}L$, Recovery yield of ginseng saponin from panax ginseng root extract by HSCCC was 63.6%, and the purity of HSCCC fractions was verified by TLC.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.58-64
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• 2000

The photocatalytic removal of Ag(I) in water by $TiO_2$ at a various conditions, which are initial Ag(I) concentration, circulation flow rate, $TiO_2$ dosage and methanol concentration, was studied. A continuous flow system with a circular type reactor of the TiO2 suspensions with UV light through an photoreactor column was applied. The major results of this study were as follows; 1. First order kinetics was observed from the result at different initial concentration of Ag(I). As the initial Ag(I) concentration was incereased, the reaction rate was decreased. 2. The removal efficiency of Ag(I) increased with increasing the circulation flow rate and $TiO_2$ dosage. However, over $4{\ell}/min$ of circulation flow rate and $1.5g/{\ell}$ of $TiO_2$ dosage, increasing of the efficiency reached a plateau. 3. The addition of methanol as hole scavenger enhanced the removal efficiency of Ag(I) but the removal efficiency reached a plateau over some level of methanol. 4. It was found that $TiO_2$ photocatalysis was effective method to remove of Ag(I) from aqueous solution.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.11a
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• pp.176-179
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• 2009

The performance of direct methanol fuel cells is affected by operating conditions such as, methanol feeding temperatures, methanol concentrations, and methanol flow rates during the operation in different environmental conditions. In this study, effects of the environmental temperature on performance of direct methanol fuel cells have been investigated in order to test a applicability of direct methanol fuel cell to the vehicle. The environmental temperature (ET) was varied from $-20^{\circ}C$ to $+30^{\circ}C$. The inside fuel cell temperature (CT) during test at various operating conditions was monitored and the performance of fuel cell was measured in the I-V polarization curve. With increasing the ET, the performance of the fuel cell was significantly improved and the CT also almost linearly increased. However, at below $0^{\circ}C$ ET, the DMFC showed very poor performance and needed to control CT or methanol feeding temperature (MFT), methanol flow rate(MFR) to obtain enough power of the vehicle.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.292-298
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• 2011

This study examines the effects of the ambient temperature (AT), methanol feeding temperature (MFT), methanol concentration (MC) and methanol flow rate (MFR) on the performance and cell temperature (CT) of a 5-stacked direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC). The AT, MFT, MC, and MFR are varied from $-10^{\circ}C$ to $+40^{\circ}C$, $50^{\circ}C$ to $90^{\circ}C$, 0.5M to 3.0M and 11.7 mL $min^{-1}$ to 46.8 mL $min^{-1}$, respectively. The performance of the DMFC under various operating conditions is analyzed from the I-V polarization curve, and the methanol crossover is estimated by gas chromatography (GC). The performance of the DMFC improves significantly with increasing AT. The open circuit voltage (OCV) decreases with increasing MC due to the enhanced likelihood of methanol crossover. The cell performance is improved significantly when the MFR is increased from 11.7 mL $min^{-1}$ to 28.08 mL $min^{-1}$. The change in cell performance is marginal with further increases in MFR. The CT increases significantly with increasing AT. The effect of the MFT and MFR is moderate, and the effect of MC is marginal on the CT of the DMFC.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.106-109
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• 1986

The elution of di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) from flexible bags into human blood or transfusion was studied. The conditions of determination of DEHP using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was established as follows: Condition I-column, ${\mu}-Bondapak^{TM}\;C_{18}$; mobile phase, methanol: water=91 : 9 ; flow rate, 1.2ml/min; wavelength, 254nm; injection volume, $10{\mu}l$. Condition II-column, Lichorsorb RP-18$(10{\mu}m)$; mobile phase, methanol: water=94 : 6 ; flow rate, 1.1ml/min; wavelength, 254nm; injection volume, $10{\mu}l$. DEHP was found to be migrating from PVC blood and total parentral nutrient bags into methanol, but not into anti, coagulant drug solution.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.77-84
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• 1994

The oil crises in 1973 and 1978 stimulated the alternative fuel research activities in many countries around the world. Among the alternative fuels, methanol is one of the highest potential fuels for transportation. Methanol has been considered for use as automotive fuel, but it has a defect of the great latent vaporization heat. Therefore, authors have made the fuel vaporizing device in order to eliminate the fuel film flow heating the mixture. This paper presents a study on the characteristics of vaporization, engine performance, and emission which result from using the fuel vaporizing device.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.395-398
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• 1989

A two dimensional pseudo-homogeneous model for the methanol reforming reaction was developed and its steady and dynamic states were studied by a computer simulation. The reactor tube diameter, the catalyst density in the fixed bed, the feed flow rate, the feed temperature and the external temperature were chosen to be adjusted to determine the length of the reactor. The dynamics of the reactor showed that the system was highly nonlinear and sensitive to the feed disturbances.