• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.55 no.6
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• pp.858-866
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• 2022

The present study investigated the chemical composition, and antioxidant and physiological activities of the Korean marine algae, Codium fragile. The solvent extracts from C. fragile were prepared using 70% ethanol, 80% methanol, and distilled water. Based on the general chemical composition, carbohydrate, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, and moisture were 74.22%, 16.73%, 0.66%, 4.39%, and 4.00%, respectively. Calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium were the main minerals. The extraction yield range of the solvent extracts was 3.51-9.76%. The ranges of total polyphenol and flavonoid contents were approximately 10.97-13.76 mg/g and 8.00-8.69 mg/g, respectively. The ABTS [2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] radical scavenging activity, reducing power and FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) activities were the highest in the ethanol extract, while methanol extract exhibited the strongest nitrite oxide scavenging activity. On the other hand, tyrosinase, elastase, and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities of the ethanol and methanol extracts were higher than those of the water extract. Furthermore, the ethanol extract exhibited the highest β-secretase inhibitory activity. The results indicate that C. fragile can be used as an antioxidant and a functional ingredient in food and pharmaceutical products.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.60-66
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• 2023

In this study, the α-amylase inhibitory activity, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity, and Xanthine Oxidase inhibitory activity of the fruiting body extracts of 5 varieties of Agaricus bisporus (AB) were confirmed. First, the α-amylase inhibitory activity of AB12, AB13, AB18, AB34, and AB40 methanol extracts was lower than that of acarbose, a positive control, in all concentration ranges. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the AB40, AB13, and AB12 methanol extracts at the extract concentration of 1.0 mg/mL was 80.5%, 81.3%, and 78.5%, respectively, similar to that of acarbose, a positive control. The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of the methanol extract of Agaricus bisporus fruiting body was significantly lower than that of the positive control orlistat in the concentration range of 50~1.000 (mg/mL). The Xanthine Oxidase inhibitory activity was 0.5~8.0 mg/mL of each extract, which was significantly lower than that of the positive control allopurinol in the same concentration range. However, the Xanthine Oxidase inhibitory activity of AB13 and AB40 at 8.0 mg/mL was about 70%, which was higher than that of other mushrooms. In conclusion, five kinds of Agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies seem to have inhibitory effects on enzymes such as α-amylase, α-glucosidase, pancreatic lipase, and Xanthine Oxidase that degrade starch and protein. In particular, it has an inhibitory effect and a reduction effect on xanthine oxidase that causes gout, so it is expected that it can be developed and used as a food or health supplement with health functional properties through future research.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.155-158
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• 1999

Several biological activities of extracts from roots of Cichorium intybus Linne (Compositae) were studied in this paper. The antiinflammatory activity of the methanol extract of this root was investigated against carrageenin induced edema in rat‘s hind paw. Significant inhibitory effects were observed at the dose of 1,000 mg/kg and were compared with aspirin as a control. The hepatoprotective activities of the methanol extract, ethylacetate and butanol fraction were studied on mice whose livers are damaged by $CCl_4$. The serum transaminase activities (ALT, AST) were reduced at the dose of 1,000 mg/kg of the methanol extract, 500 mg/kg of ethylacetate and butanol fraction, respectively. The bile juice secretion was also increased significantly from each fraction. The antidiabetic activity was examined on strepto-zotocin-induced diabetic rats with methanol extract. Methanol extract gave a significant reduction of blood glucose levels in 1 week and 3 weeks.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.37-43
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• 2005

This study was performed to determine the cytotoxic effect of methanol extract from Houttuynia Cordata and Glycine soja. The cell viability was determined by MTT method. Their cytotoxic activities against three cancer cell lines such as A549, MDA-MB-231 and SNU-C4 cell line were tested. Among them, The methanol extract of Houttuynia Cordata showed the strongest cytotoxic effect against SNU-C4 cells. These results suggest that the methanol extract of Houttuynia Cordata possessed a potential antitumorous agent. The free radical scavenging activity using DPPH method was the strongest of Houttuynia Cordata methanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.789-795
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• 2010

In order to set up an accurate quality criteria for the Boraginaceae that have been traditionally used for medical purposes and food colorant, and to assess its viability as functional food ingredient, antioxidant tests were conducted on the wild and cultivated plants. Variety of indicators including total contents of phenol, DPPH, SOD-liked effect, hydroxy radical-scavenging effect, lecithin oxidation inhibitory effect, etc were analyzed. Wild and cultivated gromwell's total contents of phenol in their methanol extracts were 0.14% and 0.13%, while they were most active in ethyl acetate extracts and n-hexane extracts, respectively. $IC_{50}$ values of methanol extract of the wild and cultivated plants were 794.41 ${\mu}g$/mL and 971.86 ${\mu}g$/mL, indicating that the wild plant is more responsive (p<0.05) to low concentration. Also the wild and cultivated plants were most active in ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane extracts when their $IC_{50}$ values were measured by each solvent extracts. SOD-liked effects of both plants were concentration dependent while methanol extracts were more active (p<0.05) in 500 ${\mu}g$/mL than other solvent extracts. Hydroxy radical-scavenging effect of both plants showed less than 50% activity in concentration of 1,000 ${\mu}g$/mL except in chloroform fraction and n-hexane fraction. Lecithin oxidation inhibitory effects of the wild and cultivated plants were active in methanol and solvent extracts of 200~1000 ${\mu}g$/mL. Especially it showed 90% of high inhibitory effect in 1,000 ${\mu}g$/mL of chloroform fraction. Hence, both wild and cultivated Boraginaceae were analyzed to be viable as functional food ingredient.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.820-827
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• 2012

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of yam (Diocorea japonica) extract by methanol on sausage quality during cold storage. Yam extracts were prepared by 70% methanol and concentrated using rotary evaporation. The total phenol contents of the extracts were 123.03 mg/g. 1,1'-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging activity and super oxide dismutase (SOD) activity of the extracts were increased with dose dependently. Nitrite scavenging activity was also increased with the increase of concentration of yam extracts; in particular, 70 ${\mu}g/mL$ of the extracts showed 57.12% of nitrite scavenging activity. Sausages containing yam extracts showed lower pH than that of the control. In color, the lightness ($L^*$) of sausages with 1.0% of the yam extracts was lower than that of the control. Redness and yellowness of the sausages with 1.0% of the yam extracts were higher than those of the control. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) value of the sausage with 1.0% of the extracts was lower than those of the control on days 9 and 12. However, the hardness of the sausage was increased with an increase in yam extracts. From these results, the yam extracts showed high antioxidant activity; moreover, it also retards the lipid oxidation of the sausages during cold storage. The yam extracts could be used as additives to prevent lipid oxidation of the sausage. Further study should be conducted in order to identify the optimum concentration of the extracts in meat products.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.416-421
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• 2008

This study was performed to determine the antimutagenic and anticytotoxic effects of soybean paste (doenjang) added deep sea water salt and see tangle in Salmonella Typhimurium TA98, TA100 and human cancer cell lines. In the Ames test, methanol extract of doenjang did not exhibit any mutagenicity but showed substantial inhibitory effects against mutation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) and 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO). The methanol extracts of doenjang ($200{\mu}g$/plate) added deep sea salt and see tangle (doenjang C) showed approximately 89.1% and 70% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by MNNG and 4NQO against TA100 strain, whereas 84.4% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenesis induced by 4NQO against TA98 strain. The cytotoxic effects of doenjang methanol extracts against the cell lines with human cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa), human hepatocellular carcinoma (Hep3B), human gastric carcinoma (AGS), human lung carcinoma (A549) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) were inhibited with the increase of the extract concentration. The treatment of 1.0 mg/mL doenjang C of methanol extracts showed strong cytotoxicities of 71%, 74.4%, 66.2%, 77.3%, and 71.2% against HeLa, Hep3B, AGS, A549, and MCF-7, respectively. In contrast 1 mg/mL treatment of doenjang C methanol extracts had only $10{\sim}40%$ cytotoxicity on normal human embryonal kidney cell (293). Doenjang methanol extract inhibited significantly the tumor growth in mice injected sarcoma-180 cells. Especially, doenjang C methanol extract showed an inhibition of tumor cell activity of 33% by the administration of 25 mg/kg methanol extracts.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.1 s.144
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• pp.37-41
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• 2006

This study investigates the chemical components and biological activities in Picrasma quassioides (D.Don) Benn. extracts for the purpose of developing natural pharmaceutical products. The proximate components in Picrasma quassioides (D.Don) Benn. extracts were 81.56% of carbohydrate, 5.80% of crude fat, 7.75% of crude protein, and 2.07% of crude ash. Calcium was the most predominant mineral and followed phosphorus, potassium, sodium, and magnesium, in a decreasing order. The content of the unsaturated fatty acids, such as oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid, was find to be higher than those of saturated fatty acids. Water and methanol extract exhibited antioxidative activity with $IC_{50}$ of $128{\mu}g/ml$ and $144{\mu}g/ml$, respectively, suggesting that the extracts are the major biological component in Picrasma quassioides (D.Don) Benn. extracts. The ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ inhibitory activity showed that methanol and water extract were the high inhibitory activity. Considering these results, water extracts of Picrasma quassioides (D/Don) Benn. showed the possibility that they can be used as a new material for natural pharmaceutical products.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.291-296
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• 2000

The present study was conducted to investigate antioxidant, nitrite scavenging and alcohol degradation effects of extracts from leaf and fruit stalk of Hovenia dulcis. Yields of various solvent extracts for Hovenia dulcis leaf and fruit stalk of were higher in water and methanol extract layer, respectively. Ethanol extracts of Hovenia dulcis leaf and fruit stalk of were fractionated with different solvents such as hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, butanol and water, yields of water fraction were highest. In the solvent extracts using methanol, ethanol, hexane, chloroform and water, ethanol extracts showed the most effective antioxidant and nitrite-scavenging effects. Ethanol extracts from Hovenia dulcis leaf and fruit stalk of were fractionated, the most natioxidant and nitrite-scavenging effects were ethyl acetate fraction. Alcohol degradation effects from different parts of Hovenia dulcis showed higher leaf and fruit stalk than xylem, branch and seed. Alcohol degradation effects from leaf and fruit stalk increased as time passed.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.745-750
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• 1998

The antimutagenic and antigenotoxic effects of ethanol, methanol, water and non-heating ethanol extract of Ligularia fischeri were investigated using Ames test and micronucleus test. Four solvent extracts by themseleves did not induce mutagenesis. The four extract of 200㎍/plate showed approximately 84.7%, 77.1%, 72.5% and 71% inhibitory effect on the mutagenesis induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine(MNNG) and 67.9%, 66.8%, 64.6% and 56% inhibition on the mutagenesis by 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide(4NQO) against TA100 strain, whereas 70.2%, 60.9%, 61.9% and 52.8% inhibitions were observed on the mutagenesis induced by 3-amino-1,4-dimethyl-5H-pyrido[4,3-b]indol(Trp-P-1) in the presence of 200㎍/plate. TA100 strain was more sensitive than TA98 strain by four kinds of extracts on antimutagenesis. The effects of Ligularia fischeri extracts on the frequencies of micronucleated poly chromatic erythrocytes(MNPECs) induced by MNNG were investigated in the bone marrow. Ten, 20, 40 and 80mg g/kg of each extract were administered to animals immediately after injection of MNNG and the exposure time was 36 hours. Inhibitory effects of Ligularia fischeri ethanol extracts were 12%, 35.3%, 58.8%, and 57%, in the presence of 20, 40, 60 and 80mg/kg, respectively whereas methanol extracts showed 15.5%, 32.7%, 50.8%, and 57.9% inhibitory effects, respectively. Both extracts showed enhanced antimutagenic and antigenotoxic effects. These results showed a good correlation between antimutagenic effects in in vitro and in in vitro assay.