• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.89-100
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• 2006

Objectives : The effects of methanol extracts from the cortex of Quercus dentata Thunb. and Quercus acutissima Carruth, on the activation of macrophage were examined. Methods : Methanol extracts of Quercus dentata (QD) and Quercus acutissima (QA) were applied to cell line RAW264,7 (macrophage), and their effects were examined. Results : 1. Extracts from QD and QA had no specific influence on the cell growth. 2. Extracts from QD and QA did not activate macrophage independently, but the addition of $IFN-{\gamma}$ facilitated the generation of macrophage's nitric oxide(NO). 3. QD and QA extracts increased the manifestation of iNOS gene, when macrophage was activated by $IFN-{\gamma}$. 4. QD and QA extracts increased the manifestation of $TNF-{\alpha}$ in macrophage, which took 2 hours. 5. QD and QA extracts increased the generation of $PGE_2$ in macrophage. Conclusion : QD and QA activate macrophage in the presence of $IFN-{\gamma}$. After activation is primarily facilated by $IFN-{\gamma}$, it works on macrophage secondarily for the manifestation of iNOS gene and for the generation of $TNF-{\alpha}$.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.1011-1017
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• 2016

The antimicrobial effects of methanol and ethanol extracts of Inula britannica against several Helicobacter pylori strains (26695, J99, and SS1) were evaluated in vitro, to determine their applicability as functional foods. In the paper disc diffusion method, the antimicrobial effects of the I. britannica extracts against the H. pylori strains were apparent. Viable cell counting also showed that the extracts at 100 μg/ml concentration dramatically decreased the viability of the H. pylori strains. In particular, the methanol and ethanol extracts at a concentration of 100 μg/ml reduced the H. pylori SS1 cell number to 2.46 log CFU/ml and 1.08 log CFU/ml, respectively. In the presence of 100 μg/ml extracts, the urease production of H. pylori SS1 was decreased to more than 30%, whereas that of H. pylori J99 and H. pylori 26695 was decreased to about 20%, relative to the controls. The extracts inhibited the attachment of the H. pylori strains to human gastric AGS cells as well as caused the detachment of already attached H. pylori cells. In addition, the H. pylori morphology was changed to a coccoidal shape in the presence of the extracts. In conclusion, the I. britannica extracts were effective against H. pylori strains in vitro, irrespective of genotype status, and could therefore be used as novel functional foods.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.928-935
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• 2000

This study was carried out to examine the antioxidative, antimicrobial and nitrite scavenging effects of various solvent extracts and different solvent fractions from Schizandra chinensis RUPRECHT(Omija) seed. The results were as follows; The antioxidative activities using lard, soybean oil and linoleic acid were the highest in methanol, ethanol and methanol extract from omija seed, respectively. The free radical scavenging activity using DPPH method was the strongest in acetate fraction of methanol extract from seed. The methanol extract from omija seed had the strongest antimicrobial activities to L. plantarum, B. subtilis, E. coli and P. citrinum, while ethyl acetate extract had the strongest against S. aureus and S. typhimurium. The buthanol fraction from methanol extract had the highest antimicrobial activities, followed by B. subtilis, L. plantarum, E. coli, S. aureus and S. typhimurium. The nitrite scavenging ability was pH dependent, highest at pH 1.2 and lowest at pH 6.0. The buthanol fraction of methanol extract from omija seed had more effective nitrite scavenging ability than other fractions of extracts.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.10-15
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• 2001

Antimicrobial activities of volatile flavor, water and methanol extracts from Agastache rugosa were investigated. The volatile flavor extract was obtained from A. rugosa by simulataneous distillation-extraction (SDE) method. Antimicrobial activity was investigated by disc diffusion method against several microorganisms, four species of Gram positive, three species of Gram negative and tow species of yeast. The volatile flavor extracts had strong antimicrobial activity againstc. utilisand S. cerevisiae. During the growth period, a difference in antimicrobial activity among volatile flavor extracts from A. rugosa was not shown. The water extract of above 10 mg/disc showed antimicrobial activity. Methanol extracts from A. rugosa harvested in June showed antimicrobial activity against tested Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria, showed weak antimicrobial activity against the bacteria from those harvested in July and August. In particular, antimicrobial activity against V. parahaemolyticus was stronger than that against other bacteria. Water and methanol extracts did not inhibit yeast. C. utilis and S. cerevisiae. To further elucidate the effective components, volatile flavor extracts was analyzed by GC/MS. harvested in June, the components included 8 phenols (93.031%), 18 terpenes (5.230%), 12 alcohols (1.300%) 8 alkanes (0.181%), 1 ester (0.056%), 2 ketones (0.033%), 2 aldehydes (0.011%) and 1 pyrrole (0.007%). In July, the components included 6 phenols (94.366%), 19 terpenes (3.394%), 11 alcohols (2.045%), 1 ester (0.039%), 2 ketones (0.028%), 1 furan (0.005%) and 1 aldehyde (0.005%). And in August, the components included 7 phenols (95.270%), 19 terpenes (2.951%), 13 alcohols (1.399%), 1 ester (0.063%), 2 aldehydes (0.016%), 2 ketones (0.011%), 1 alkane (0.006%), 1 acid (0.005%) and 1 pyrrole (0.005%). The major component of volatile flavors was estragole, a phenolic compound.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2008

The present research was conducted to determine insecticidal activity of methanol extract and its fractions from the fig (Ficus carica L.) leaves grown under different cropping conditions, glasshouse, plastic house, and outdoor. Methanol extracts from fig loaves grown at outdoor showed higher insecticidal activity (80 to 89%) against Tetranychus urticae than those at plastic house or glass house. Especially ethylacetate and hexane fractions from methanol extracts of fig leaves grown at outdoor exhibited the highest insecticidal activity against Tetranychus urticae, showing 92% and 90% control, respectively. The results suggest that methanol extract and its fractions from outdoor-grown fig leaves had the potent insecticidal activity as a plant-based insect control mean.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.174-179
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• 1997

The antimicrobial and GTase(Glucosyltransferase) inhibition activity were investigated for solvent fractions of Gall-nut, variety of fork drugs and Red-grape husk water extracts. Among them, Gall-nut and Red-grape husk water extracts were selected for the powerful antimicrobial and GTase inhibition activity. The methanol fractions of Gall-nut and Red-grape husk were showed very powerful antimicrobial activity on both B. subtilis and E. coli. The MIC(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration) of gall-nut methanol fraction were 1.0mg/ml for B. subtilis and 3.0mg/ml for E. coli. Red-grape husk were 2.0mg/ml for B. subtilis and 3.0mg/ml for E. coli. The methanol fractions of Gall-nut and Red-grape husk were showed very powerful Gtase inhibition activity. The concentrations of these fractions for 80% inhibition of GTase activity were 1.08$\times$10-3mg/ml and 1.08$\times$10-2mg/ml, respectively. The principal compound for the antimicrobial and GTase inhibition activity in tese extracts seems to be polyphenol derivatives.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1218-1223
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• 2009

Total phenolics and antioxidant activities of water and 80% methanol extract of chestnut inner skin were investigated. The antioxidant properties of both extracts of chestnut inner skin were evaluated using different antioxidant tests, including 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, reducing power, ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and inhibitory effects on ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching. The 80% methanol extract of inner skin exhibited the higher DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging activities, reducing power, and FRAP than water extract of inner skin and did also in a concentration-dependent manner. However, inhibitory effects on ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching of 80% methanol extract was similar to those of water extract, 35.09 and 39.07% at 1 mg/mL, respectively. The total phenolic contents of water and 80% methanol extract from chestnut inner skin were 5,801.42 and 9,735.56 mg/100 g, respectively. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that gallic acid was the predominant phenolic compound in water and 80% methanol extract from inner skin. These water and 80% methanol extracts of chestnut inner skin can be utilized as an effective and safe source of antioxidants.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.461-467
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• 2004

Antioxidant effect of traditional doenjang(TD) was reduced by increasing of maturation period. Methanol fractionate of TD matured for 1 year showed strong antioxidant effect against linoleic acid, following the order of hexane and water layer. Antioxidant effect in lipophilic and hydrophilic extracts of TD were gradually increased according to increasing maturation period, whereas their values or two extracts were lower than those or fractionates from TD. Hydrogen-scavenging effect in hydrophobic extract, methanol and butanol fractionates of TD were much higher than those of the other samples. Chloroform and ethylacetate fractionates were markedly lower in the range of $10.57{\sim}22.84\%\;and\;7.82{\sim}22.58\%$, respectively. Anticarcinogenic effect of extracts and fractionates from TD were higher in water fractionates for A549 cell (human lung carcinoma) and methanol fractionates fur MCF-7 cell (human breast adenocarcinoma). Especially, inhibitory effect for growth of cancer cell was increased by the increasing maturation period of TD.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.103-114
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• 1992

Screening for antioxidative activities of 180 species of crude drugs were performed on their methanol extracts. More than 45% of those showed some effect on oxidative stability of linoleic acid, and 44 species seemed to have rather strong antioxidative activity. Selected these samples of the active crude drugs were further examined in their methanol extracts with methyl linoleate emulsion system. especially 11 species revealed strong antioxidative activity. These 11 species were then successively extracted with ethyl acetate and petroleum ether, and their antioxidative activity was determined. The ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extracts of Epimedium Koreanum NAKAI, Psoralea Corylifolia L., Syringa Dilata NAKAI and Prunus mume Sieb, et Zucc. showed much more effective than the others in stabilizing methyl linoleate. Scutellaria baicalensis George. Glycyrrhiza glabra L. were only effective in the methanol extract.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.2 s.66
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• pp.122-133
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• 2006

Objectives : The amyloid $\beta$-protein ($A\beta$) is the principal component of the senile plaques characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and elicits a toxic effect on neurons in vitro and in vivo. Many environmental factors including antioxidants and proteoglycans modify $A{\beta}toxicity$. In this study, we have investigated the protective effects of water- and organic solvent-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root fractions pre-extracted with methanol on $A\beta$-induced oxidative cell death in cultured rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Methods : For this study, we used MTT reduction assay for detection of protective effects of water- and organic solvent-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root fractions pre-extracted with methanol on $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced cytotoxicity to PC12 cells. We also used cell-based $\beta$-secretase assay system to investigate the inhibitory effect of water- and organic solvent-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root on $\beta$-secretase activity. Results : We previously reported that methanol extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root strongly attenuated cytotoxicity induced by the three $A\beta$ fragments ($A{\beta}_{25-35},\;A{\beta}_{1-42}\;A{\beta}_{1-43}$) to both SK-N-MC and PC12 cells. In the present study, we found that butanol-, ethylacetate-, chloroform-, and water-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root fractions pre-extracted with methanol had strong protective effects against $A{\beta}_{25-35}$-induced cytotoxicity to PC12 cells and inhibitory potency to $\beta$-secretase activity. Conclusion : These results suggest that butanol-, ethylacetate-, chloroform-, and water-extracts of Hemerocallis fulva root fractions pre-extracted with methanol may contain the protective component(s) against $A\beta$-induced cell death in PC12 cells as well as inhibitory component(s) to $\beta$-secretase activity.