• 환경생물
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.525-549
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• 2022

개체군은 진화적 단위이자 개체군 통계적 단위로서, 생물학적 침입의 과정은 개체군의 생태적, 진화적 동태에 기인한다. 개체군의 공간구조는 개체군 동태에 영향을 줄 수 있으며, 분산이 반드시 동반되는 생물학적 침입에 대한 연구에서는 공간구조를 고려할 필요가 있다. 메타개체군 이론은 공간구조를 가진 개체군에 대한 대표적인 접근으로, 주로 생태학 및 진화생물학 연구에 활용되고 있다. 메타개체군은 공간적 구조를 가진 개체군의 동의어로 여겨지기도 하지만, 용어의 모호한 사용을 피하기 위해서는 절멸 가능성이 고려되는 경우에 한해 정의되어야 한다는 비판이 있다. 침입 초기 단계의 개체군은 높은 절멸 가능성을 가지는 경우가 많으므로, 메타개체군 이론을 적용하기에 용이하다. 한편, 침입 초기 개체군의 생태적·유전적 특성은 분산의 영향을 크게 받기 때문에, 메타개체군 이론은 개체군 수준에서 침입성의 변화와 침입 가능성을 설명하는 강력한 도구가 될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 그러나, 한국에서 침입생물에 대한 생태학적 연구는 주로 종 수준의 분포 변화에 대해 이루어지고 있고, 메타개체군 개념을 적용한 경우가 드문 실정이다. 메타개체군 이론을 활용한다면, 국내 연구가 상대적으로 미진했던 개체군 단위의 침입 기작을 보다 상세히 규명할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다. 본 연구에서는 실제 침입생물에 미치는 메타개체군의 영향을 쉽게 파악하기 위해 침입생물 메타개체군이 자연적인 분산 거리를 넘어서 연결되는지 여부에 따라 장거리와 중거리 두 가지 규모로 나누는 체계를 활용할 것을 제안하였다. 메타개체군 개념에 입각한 침입생물 연구가 침입의 기작을 이해하고 장래의 침입 리스크를 예측·관리하는 데에 도움을 줄 것으로 기대한다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.289-297
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• 2010

세계적으로 인간 활동 따른 서식지의 소실과 단절은 생물다양성을 떨어뜨리는 주요원인이며 서식지의 소형화와 세분화는 개체군의 크기를 감소시키고 있다. 본 연구는 꼬리명주나비를 표지-방사-재포획법(MRR 방법)을 이용하여 메타개체군 동태를 파악하였다. 그 결과 2,749 개체(암컷-2295, 수컷-454)가 포획되었으며 이중 343개체(12.8%)가 재포획되었다. 포획된 암수 비율에서는 수컷이 주를 이루는 것으로 나타났다. Jolly-Seber의 방법으로 일일메타개체군의 크기, 생존율, 추가율, 사망률을 추정하였다. 저자들은 보전생물학자들에게 단절된 경관에서 국지적 메타개체군의 관리와 보전을 강조하고자 하며, 특히 한국산 꼬리명주나비의 경우 지속적인 서식지 보전이 필요하다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2021

Background: Asarum sieboldii Miq., a species of forest understory vegetation, is an herbaceous perennial belonging to the family Aristolochiaceae. The metapopulation of A. sieboldii is distributed sparsely and has a short seed dispersal distance by ants as their seed distributor. It is known that many flowers of A. sieboldii depend on self-fertilization. Because these characteristics can affect negatively in genetic structure, investigating habitat structure and assessment of genetic structure is needed. A total of 27 individuals in a valley were sampled for measuring genetic diversity, genetic distance, and genetic differentiation by RAPDPCR. Results: The habitat areas of A. sieboldii metapopulation were relatively small (3.78~33.60 m²) and population density was very low (five to seven individuals in 20×20 m quadrat). The habitat of A. sieboldii was a very shady (relative light intensity = 0.9%) and mature forest with a high evenness value (J = 0.81~0.99) and a low dominance value (D = 0.19~0.28). The total genetic diversity of A. sieboldii was quite high (h = 0.338, I = 0.506). A total of 33 band loci were observed in five selected primers, and 31 band loci (94%) were polymorphic. However, genetic differentiation along the valley was highly progressed (G_st = 0.548, N_m = 0.412). The average genetic distance between subpopulations was 0.387. The results of AMOVA showed 52.77% of variance occurs among populations, which is evidence of population structuring. Conclusions: It is expected that a small-scale founder effect had occurred, an individual spread far from the original subpopulation formed a new subpopulation. However, geographical distance between individuals would have been far and genetic flow occurred only within each subpopulation because of the low density of population. This made significant genetic distance between the original and new population by distance. Although genetic diversity of A. sieboldii metapopulation is not as low as concerned, the subpopulation of A. sieboldii can disappear by stochastic events due to small subpopulation size and low density of population. To prevent genetic isolation and to enhance the stable population size, conservative efforts such as increasing the size of each subpopulation or the connection between subpopulations are needed.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.103-107
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• 2009

We investigated colonization and extinction patterns in a meta population of the gold-spotted pond frog (Rana planeyi ehoseniea) near the Korea National University of Education, Chungbuk, Korea, by surveying the frogs in the nine occupied habitat patches in the study area four times per breeding season for three years (2006$\sim$2008) and recording whether the patches were occupied by frogs as well as how many frogs were calling in the patches. We then developed five a priori year-specific models using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). The models predicted that: 1) probabilities of colonization and local extinction of the frogs were better explained by year-dependent models than by constant models, 2) there are high local extinction and low colonization probabilities, 3) approximately 31% number of patches will be occupied at equilibrium, and 4) that considerable variation in occupation rate should occur over a 30-year period, due to demographic stochasticity (in our model, the occupation rate ranged from 0.222 to 0.889). Our results suggest that colonization is important in this metapopulation system, which is governed by mainly stochastic components, and that more constructive conservation effects are needed to increase local colonization rates.

• 농업생명과학연구
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2011

This work was performed to confirm the molecular discrimination through the nrITS1 sequences among 3 taxa of Scirpus L. sensu lato (s.l.) species. S. planiculmis represented only 2 base sequence variations with S. maritimus in spite that they showed different morphological features. The nucleotide sequences of the ITS1 region from S. planiculmis were shown to have 99.1% homology with S. maritimus and 60.4% homology with S. triqueter. Although the morphology of S. planiculmis is similar with S. triqueter, molecular basis of the size and sequences on ITS1 region were shown to have distinctive differences. For divergency investigation on same sites and metapopulation, sequencing was conducted on ITS1 region with partial 5.8S and 18S regions. All plants of each species collected at the same site had identical band size pattern and sequences. Intraspecific molecular divergency was not identified in spite that these species live in different wetland sites. The ITS1 sequences described here provided a powerful genetic tool for phylogenetic studies which was difficult by morphological identification as high rate of morphological plasticity.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2011

메타개체군의 구조와 이주에 관한 이해는 종 보존을 위해서 필요하다. 본 연구는 붉은점모시나비 서식지에서 MRR 방법으로 나비의 이주패턴을 분석하고 패치연결성을 추정하였다. 그 결과 194(수컷: 137, 암컷: 57)개체가 포획 되었으며 이중 93 (수컷: 73, 암컷: 20)개체가 재포획되었다. 이주 분석에서 이입율은 23-150%, 이출율은 28-53%으로 나타났다. 패치면적과 이입 이출 개체수와의 회귀분석에서는 상관관계를 보이지 않았으며, 먹이식물 수와 이입 이출 개체수와의 회귀분석에서도 상관관계를 보이지 않았다. 그러나 이입 개체수와 패치간 거리와의 분석에서는 높은 상관관계를 보였다. 따라서 나비의 이주는 패치거리가 가까울수록 빈번하게 일어나고 있으나 패치의 면적이나 먹이식물 량과 관계가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 나비의 이주에서 암컷보다 수컷이 매우 활발한 것으로 나타났다. 패치의 위치에 따른 이주 패턴의 분석 결과 패치 네트워크상에서 중앙에 위치한 패치가 양쪽 끝에 위치한 개체군을 이어주는 역할을 하고 있으며 근접한 거리에 있는 패치들간 이주가 멀리 떨어진 패치에 비해 빈번한 이주가 일어나는 것을 보여주었다. 따라서 붉은점모시나비의 이주에 있어서 근거리에 위치한 패치들간 교류가 활발히 일어나고 있으며 패치와 패치를 이어주는 징검다리 역할을 하는 패치가 존재할 경우 교류가 더 활성화된다는 것을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2001

At least, there are intense pressures on the natural habitats from various disturbance, including urbanization, extension of industrial area, and road construction. These human land use result in fragmentation of landscape and natural habitat. The ecological consequences of habitat fragmentation include the direct effects of habitat loss and the indirect effects of reduced inter-patch dispersal. The decline of biological diversity has been rapidly declined by the habitat loss and fragmentation. Conservation strategists should consider not only the habitat amount of that must be preserved, but also the spatial configuration of habitat across the landscape. But, the paucity of available data for most species forces landscape ecologists to develop the concept, model, and theory. The developed theories are often misused in academic papers and practical applications. The development history, presumption of concept, model, theory is ignored. This tendency have leaded to failure of landscape restoration and the use of theory in conservation practice have come under increasing attacks. This paper will highlight the ecological theory that have proven the most influential in landscape ecology, restoration and conservation : the theory of island biogeography, the theory of nested subset analysis, minimum viable population(MVP), the theory of metapopulation dynamics. And, it find the problem and usefulness of four theory in application to real world. Consequently, the understanding of theoretical implication about landscape ecological theory is required. We must carefully apply the theory after examining the problem and availability of various theory because of no existence of only one general theory.

• 한국시스템다이내믹스연구
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.95-126
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• 2011

This paper aims at developing a System Dynamics model with an augmented predator-prey interaction structure to deal with the population management of roe deer in Jeju, Korea. Although people still regard the creature as one of the important tourist attractions, there has been much debate on the issues of the appropriateness of the population size of roe deers because they have been stigmatized as crop damagers, and roadkill/poaching victims due to their natural habit to move around from the top mountain to the lowland of the island. The model is therefore to incorporate these migrating and grazing behaviors into an augmented Lotka-Volterra model coupling roe deer population in both parts of the island to that of predators and preys of the species. The authors also provide a comprehensive set of dynamic hypotheses and relevant CLD/SFD to understand the population dynamics of roe deer and co-evolving species and perform the steady-state analysis of the proposed equation system to verify the model behavior of the numerical example lastly presented in this paper.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2003

Restoration ecology is undergoing rapid growth as academic field over the last 15 years. The specification of goals for restoration projects is frequently described as the most important component of a project. The endeavor for universal development of goals for ecological restoration continues to generate many discussion and controversy. I discuss the importance of restoration goals and diverse roots of restoration ecology, and show how the complex lineages within restoration ecology. I review the three major theme that currently are used to develop the restoration goals : restoration of species, restoration of whole ecosystem or landscapes, and the restoration of ecosystem services. Restoration ecology, landscape ecology and conservation biology share goals to conserve biodiversity, but differ in focus of approach. I review the differences among three fields. Conservation biology has been more zoological, more descriptive, and theoretical, and more emphasized the population and genetic research. However, restoration ecology has been more plant ecological, more experimental, and emphasized the community and plant succession. Landscape ecology has emphasized the interaction of ecosystem and dispersal among populations. I suggest the integration of restoration ecology, landscape ecology and conservation biology. For example, conservation biology will contribute to the preservation of original habitats by population study, restoration ecology will contribute to regenerate damaged ecosystem and ex situ preservation, and landscape ecology will contribute to restoration of population and landscape.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2018

This study created the running water (Bandibooliwon) and lentic water (Sooryunwon) artificial habitats of Luciola lateralis in Hwadamsup, Gwangju-si, Gyunggi-do from April 2014 to February 2016. Through various habitat types, metapopulation was formed, and more sound population was induced to be maintained via interactions between habitats. We investigated coenosite at the habitat creation-target site, and 20 species in the lentic water site and 38 species in running water site were found. After releasing L. lateralis, we checked the status of settlement of L. lateralis larvae through traps and macroscopy, controlled the flow velocity of the habitats in line with the life cycle of L. lateralis (hatching, larva period, landing, pupation, copulation, and oviposition), and shaped gentle slope at water side, and planted moss. We artificially supplied melanian snails (Semisulcospira sp.), the food source, in the running water site and induced stable feeding. Also, We created artificial insectary, bred larvae stably in winter, and secured firefly population for a festival. Through night time observation, the time most suitable for a festival was confirmed to be from 20:30 to 22:00.