• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.745-751
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• 2011

내부식성이 강화된 새로운 방청안료를 개발하기 위한 연구의 일환으로, 본 연구에서는 높은 내부식성을 제공하는 아연 및 세륨 이온 교환된 제올라이트를 도입하였다. 그리고 이온교환 제올라이트를 이용하여 프라이머 도료 제조 및 도장을 수행한 후, 그것의 방식성능을 측정하였다. 도장을 위한 금속 기재는 아연도금(galvanized, GI) 강판이었고, 도장된 강판의 방식성능은 electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)와 scanning vibrating electrode technique(SVET)으로 측정되었다. EIS 및 절단면의 내부식성을 확인하기 위한 SVET 측정으로부터 세륨이온 교환된 제올라이트가 가장 높은 효율을 제시하였고, 아연 및 세륨 이온 교환된 제올라이트의 경우 GI 강판에 대하여 cathodic 부식 방지제로 기여함을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.2754-2758
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• 2009

Three novel phosphorescent 2-phenylpyridine-based iridium(III) complexes, $[(ppy)_2Ir(P\^{}N)]PF6\;(1),\;[(dfppy)_2Ir(P\^{}N)]PF_6$ (2), and $[(dfmppy)_2 Ir(P\^{}N)]PF6$ (3), where $P\^{}N$ = 2-[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]pyridine (dppmp), were synthesized and characterized. The absorption, photoluminescence, cyclic voltammetry and thermal stability of the complexes were investigated. The complexes showed bright blue luminescences at wavelengths of 448 $\sim$ 500 nm at room temperature in $CHCl_3$ and revealed that the $\pi$-acceptor ability of the phosphorous atom in the ancillary dppmp ligand plays an important role in tuning emission color resulting in a blue-shift emission. The single crystal structure of $[(dfmppy))_2Ir(P\^N)]PF_6$ was determined using X-ray crystallography. The iridium metal center adopts a distorted octahedral structure coordinated to two dfmppy and one dppmp ligand, showing cis C-C and trans N-N chelate dispositions. There is a $\pi-\pi$ overlap between π electrons delocalized in the difluorophenyl rings.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.99-106
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• 2006

3-(2-thenoyl) 3-(p-NO2-phenylhydrazone) ethyl pyruvate(I), p-Br(II) 및 p-CH3(III)의 에탄올 용액의 전자흡수 스펙트럼을 조사하여 스펙트럼이 전자 전이에 해당하는 4개의 흡수띠로 구성되어 있음을 알았다. 이들 화합물의 pK 값을 분광광도법 및 pH 측정법으로 조사한 결과, 화합물(I)의 변색 범위는 페놀프탈레인과 유사한 8~10으로, 산-염기 지시약으로 사용될 수 있음을 알았다. 몇 가지 전이원소 (Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), UO2(II), La(III) 및 Zr(IV))와 이들 화합물과의 연속안정도상수를 pH 법으로 조사하여 본 결과, 모든 금속과 몰 비 1:1 및 1:2 (M: L)의 화학양론적 착물을 형성하며, 세 가지 유도체의 pK 값과 착물의 안정도 상수(log K)의 순서는 III > II > I 임을 알았다. 또한 전도도법 적정을 수행하여 이 적정이 금속이온과 리간드를 정량하는데 사용할 수 있음을 알았다.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제4권
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• pp.57-61
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• 2003

경기도 양평에 위치한 수종사의 부도에서 고려시대 청자유개호와 금동제구층탑, 은제도금육각감 등이 발견되었다. 이들 중 금동제구층탑은 표면의 많은 부분이 구리 빛을 띄고 있고 기단부에 국부적으로 청동부식물이 관찰되므로 금동제로 알려져 있으며 문화재청에 등록된 공식 명칭 역시 '금동제'로 되어 있다. 그러나 표면 빛깔, 표면 상태, 청동부식물의 발생 정도 및 풍탁을 연결한 금속사 등 여러 측면에서 금제로 판단되어 과학적인 조사를 통하여 재질은 밝혀낼 필요성이 제시되었다. 이에 비파괴적인 방법으로 조사하였으며 그 결과 표면의 여러부분에서 가공 흔적이 관찰되고 도금의 흔적은 찾아볼 수 없었다. 또한 XRF 분석 결과 금과 은(16%)이 주성분을 이루고 불순물로 구리, 철 등이 포함되어 있어 금제로 판단되었다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 1992

소규모공장 규모의 알카리 및 산공정법에 의해 철강의 산세 폐액으로부터 $\alpha$-FeOOH를 제조하였으며, 이 때 합성된 분체를 TEM, SEM, TG-DTA, XRD, VSM 및 화학분석으로 물성을 조사하였다. 실험결과에 의하면, $\alpha$-FeOOH의 제조에 있어서 알카리 공정의 반응 시간이 짧으며, 제조된 분체는 약 $0.5\mu\textrm{m}$의 크기로 침상을 나타내었다. 또한 제조 방법에 따라 $\alpha$-FeOOH 와 $\alpha-Fe_2O_3$가 생성되며 이들은 미려한 황색 및 적색을 띠고 있었고 $\alpha-Fe_2O_3$를 $370^{\circ}C$의 수소 분위기에서 1시간 환원하면 367(Oe) 및 86.7 (emu/g)의 자성을 갖는 $Fe_3O_4$ 가 얻어질 수 있었다.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.310-321
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• 2019

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate types and characteristics of chemical substances used in LCD(Liquid crystal display) panel manufacturing process. Methods: The LCD panel manufacturing process is divided into the fabrication(fab) process and module process. The use of chemical substances by process was investigated at four fab processes and two module processes at two domestic TFT-LCD(Thin film transistor-Liquid crystal display) panel manufacturing sites. Results: LCD panels are manufactured through various unit processes such as sputtering, chemical vapor deposition(CVD), etching, and photolithography, and a range of chemicals are used in each process. Metal target materials including copper, aluminum, and indium tin oxide are used in the sputtering process, and gaseous materials such as phosphine, silane, and chlorine are used in CVD and dry etching processes. Inorganic acids such as hydrofluoric acid, nitric acid and sulfuric acid are used in wet etching process, and photoresist and developer are used in photolithography process. Chemical substances for the alignment of liquid crystal, such as polyimides, liquid crystals, and sealants are used in a liquid crystal process. Adhesives and hardeners for adhesion of driver IC and printed circuit board(PCB) to the LCD panel are used in the module process. Conclusions: LCD panels are produced through dozens of unit processes using various types of chemical substances in clean room facilities. Hazardous substances such as organic solvents, reactive gases, irritants, and toxic substances are used in the manufacturing processes, but periodic workplace monitoring applies only to certain chemical substances by law. Therefore, efforts should be made to minimize worker exposure to chemical substances used in LCD panel manufacturing process.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제54권6호
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• pp.340-347
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• 2021

Among various metal oxide semiconductors, ZnO has an excellent electrical, optical properties with a wide bandgap of 3.3 eV. It can be applied as a photocatalytic material due to its high absorption rate along with physical and chemical stability to UV light. In addition, it is important to control the morphology of ZnO because the size and shape of the ZnO make difference in physical properties. In this paper, we demonstrate synthesis of size-controlled ZnO tetrapods using an atmospheric pressure plasma system. A micro-sized Zn spherical powder was continuously introduced in the plume of the atmospheric plasma jet ignited with mixture of oxygen and nitrogen. The effect of plasma power and collection sites on ZnO nanostructure was investigated. After the plasma discharge for 10 min, the produced materials deposited inside the 60-cm-long quartz tube were obtained with respect to the distance from the plume. According to the SEM analysis, all the synthesized nanoparticles were found to be ZnO tetrapods ranging from 100 to 600-nm-diameter depending on both applied power and collection site. The photocatalytic efficiency was evaluated by color change of methylene blue solution using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity increased with the increase of (101) and (100) plane in ZnO tetrapods, which is caused by enhanced chemical effects of plasma process.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.393-399
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• 2018

Formation behavior of aluminum anodic oxide (AAO) films on Al6061 alloy was studied in view of thickness, morphology and defects in the anodic films in 20 vol.% sulfuric acid solution at a constant current density of $40mA/cm^2$, using voltage-time curve, observation of anodized specimen colors and surface and cross-sectional morphologies of anodic films with anodization time. With increasing anodizing time, voltage for film formation increased exponentially after about 12 min and its increasing rate decreased after 25 min, followed by a rapid decrease of the voltage after about 28 min. Surface color of anodized specimen became darker with increasing anodizing time up to about 20 min, while it appeared to be brighter with increasing anodizing time after 20 min. The darkened and brightened surfaces with anodizing time are attributed to an increase in thickness of porous anodic oxide film and a chemical damage of the films due to heat generated by increased resistance of the film, respectively. Cross-sectional observation of AAO films revealed the formation of defects of crack shape at the metal/oxide interface after 15 min which prevents the growth of AAO films. Width and length of the crack-like defect increased with anodizing time up to 25 min of anodizing, and finally the outer part of AAO films was partly dissolved or detached after 30 min of anodizing, resulting in non-uniform surface structures of the AAO films.

• 천문학회보
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.37.2-37.2
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• 2019

Recent investigations of the double red clump in the color-magnitude diagram of the Milky Way bulge cast serious doubts on the structure and formation origin of the outer bulge. Unlike previous interpretation based on an X-shaped bulge, stellar evolution models and CN-band observations have suggested that this feature is another manifestation of the multiple stellar population phenomenon observed in globular clusters (GCs). This new scenario requires a significant fraction of the outer bulge stars with chemical patterns uniquely observed in GCs. Here we show from homogeneous high-quality spectroscopic data that the red giant branch stars in the outer bulge ($>5.5^{\circ}$ from the Galactic center) are clearly divided into two groups according to Na abundance in the [Na/Fe] - [Fe/H] plane. The Na-rich stars are also enhanced in Al, while the differences in O and Mg are not observed between the two Na groups. The population ratio and the Na and Al differences between the two groups are also comparable with those observed in metal-rich GCs. Since these chemical patterns and characteristics are only explained by stars originated in GCs, this is compelling evidence that the outer bulge was mostly assembled from disrupted proto-GCs in the early history of the Milky Way. We will also discuss the implications of this result on the formation of the early-type galaxies in general.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.319-326
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• 2020

BACKGROUND: Measurement equipment was developed for inorganic nutrient concentration inside the hydroponic culture medium with several macro- and micro compositions, and applied for measuring the compositions of conventional medium. METHODS AND RESULTS: Before the equipment development, sonicator and heater were utilized to control temperature around of the module mixing with color reagents and target samples among the inorganic compositions. The measurement module and multi-sampler were also manufactured based on the COMS (Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) and installed inside the measurement equipment. Concentration of standard solution, value measured by the equipment, standard deviation or measured average value were used for estimating the accuracy and average recall of the equipment. Yamazaki solutions with EC of 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 dS/m were offered to confirm the equipment accuracy and standard error. CONCLUSION: It was suggested that the developed equipment could be automatically applied for measurement with accuracy of over 96% and standard errors of less than 5% on 12 macro- and micro compositions such as a NO3-N, PO43- or Fe.