• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.116-121
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• 2012

In recent years, world is faced with a transportation energy dilemma, and the transportation is dependent on a single fuel - petroleum. However, Hybrid Electric Vehicle(HEV) technology holds more advantages to reduce the demand for petroleum in the transportation by efficiency improvements of petroleum consumption. Therefore, there is a trend that lower gear noise levels are demanded in HEV for drivers to avoid annoyance and fatigue during operation. And meshing transmission error(T.E.) is the excitation that leads to the tonal noise known as gear whine, and radiated gear whine is also the dominant source of noise in the whole gearbox. This paper presents a method for the analysis of gear tooth profile and lead modification, and the predictions of transmission error and load distribution are shown under one loaded torque for the 1st gear pair of HEV gearbox. The test is also obtained before tooth micro-modification under the torque. At last, the appropriate tooth modification is used to minimize the transmission error and load distribution under the loaded torque. It is a good approach which the simulated result is used to improve the design in order to minimize the radiation gear whine noise.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.5-11
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• 2001

Vibration and noise of gears is doc to the transmission error and the vibration exciting force caused by the periodically alternating tooth stiffness. Transmission error is the rotation delay between driving and driven gear caused by manufacturing error, alignment error in assembly and so on. Tooth stiffness changes with the proceeding mesh of teeth. The purpose of this study is to develop how to calculate simultaneously the optimum amounts of tooth profile modification. end relief and crowning by minimizing the vibration exciting force of helical gears. We estimate the vibration exciting force by the meshing analysis of gears. Formulated constraints of this problem consist of contact ratio and strengths of gear teeth such as tooth bending strength, surface durability, and scoring. ADS(Automated Design Synthesis) is used as an optimization tool. We also investigate the relation between the aspect ratio and the optimum values of tooth modification. The proposed method can calculate the optimum amount of tooth modification automatically and is expected to be practically useful to resolve the problem of vibration of helical gears.

• 한국CDE학회논문집
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.461-469
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• 2013

Computer simulation with FEM is very useful to analyze hypervelocity impact phenomena that are tremendously expensive or otherwise too impractical to analyze experimentally. Shock physics can be efficiently handled by mesh adaptation which allows finite element mesh to be locally optimized to resolve moving shock wave in explosion. In this paper, an adaptive meshing technique based upon quadtree data structure was applied to resolve ballistic impact phenomena. The technique can adaptively refine a mesh in the neighborhood of a shock and coarsen the mesh for the smooth flow behind the shock according to a criterion. The criterion for refinement and coarsening is based upon the standard deviation of the gradient of shock pressure on the associated field. Shock simulation starts with the rough mesh of the pressure field and mesh density is increased locally under the criterion at each time step. The results show that the mesh adaptation enables to minimize the global computation error of FEM and to increase storage and computational saving compared to the fixed resolution of the conventional static mesh approach.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.25-41
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• 2012

Kriging surrogate model provides explicit functions to represent the relationships between the inputs and outputs of a linear or nonlinear system, which is a desirable advantage for response estimation and parameter identification in structural design and model updating problem. However, little research has been carried out in applying Kriging model to crack identification. In this work, a scheme for crack identification based on a Kriging surrogate model is proposed. A modified rectangular grid (MRG) is introduced to move some sample points lying on the boundary into the internal design region, which will provide more useful information for the construction of Kriging model. The initial Kriging model is then constructed by samples of varying crack parameters (locations and sizes) and their corresponding modal frequencies. For identifying crack parameters, a robust stochastic particle swarm optimization (SPSO) algorithm is used to find the global optimal solution beyond the constructed Kriging model. To improve the accuracy of surrogate model, the finite element (FE) analysis soft ANSYS is employed to deal with the re-meshing problem during surrogate model updating. Specially, a simple method for crack number identification is proposed by finding the maximum probability factor. Finally, numerical simulations and experimental research are performed to assess the effectiveness and noise immunity of this proposed scheme.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.140-144
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• 2023

In recent years, there are so many serious crashes involving coaches, especially the frontal collision occupies 40% of the front of the vehicle, Frontal collisions account for 100% of the front of the vehicle affecting the driver and side-impact collisions that injure the person in the vehicle. Therefore, the research into improving and optimizing the structure is necessary for risk of injury for passengers in frontal accidents. In this paper, we have designed a Shock absorber that can absorb collision energy. Research using HYPERMESH software. to build the finite element model and calculate the meshing to suit the mesh size of 5mm. apply LS-DYNA software to calculate structural strength. In the study, for a vehicle to collide with a hard obstacle occupying 100% of the head of the vehicle. Then, the experimental design method, Minitab is used for find the structural parameters in the design. Improvement results showed that the acceleration of the impact on passengers and the driver is decreased by 55,17%. The mass of texture improvements is reduced by 11%, according to the requirements of European Standards ECE R94.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 등기하 해석법을 이용하여 평면 탄성문제의 변분식을 유도하였다. 등기하 해석법은 새로이 부각되고 있는 해석법으로서 기저 함수가 NURBS(Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines) 로부터 직접 생성되므로 해 공간은 CAD 모델을 구성하는 함수로써 표현된다. 또한 CAD 모델의 B-Spline 기저 함수를 직접 사용하므로 기하학적으로 엄밀한 형상을 표현할 수 있고 요소망의 재구성 없이 해석모델을 정밀화(Refinement)할 수 있는 강점이 있다. 본 논문에서는 이를 확장하여 연속체 기반의 애드조인트 설계 민감도 해석법을 사용하는 등기하 설계민감도 해석법을 유도하였다. 기존의 유한요소 기반형상 최적설계는 형상의 매개화에 어려움을 겪었으나 등기하 기반 최적설계에서는 기하학적 정보가 이미 B-spline 기저함수와 조정점에 포함되어 있으므로 이러한 어려움을 피할 수 있는 잠재력을 가지고 있다. 몇몇 수치 예제를 통해서 등기하 해석법을 사용한 설계 민감도 해석을 수행하였으며 유한차분 민감도와 비교하여 정확성을 확인하였다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.933-961
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• 2015

Damage by high-speed impact fracture is a dominant mode of failure in several applications of concrete structures. Numerical modelling can play a crucial role in understanding and predicting complex fracture processes. The commonly used mesh-based Finite Element Method has difficulties in accurately modelling the high deformation and disintegration associated with fracture, as this often distorts the mesh. Even with careful re-meshing FEM often fails to handle extreme deformations and results in poor accuracy. Moreover, simulating the mechanism of fragmentation requires detachment of elements along their boundaries, and this needs a fine mesh to allow the natural propagation of damage/cracks. Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) is an alternative particle based (mesh-less) Lagrangian method that is particularly suitable for analysing fracture because of its capability to model large deformation and to track free surfaces generated due to fracturing. Here we demonstrate the capabilities of SPH for predicting brittle fracture by studying a slender concrete structure (column) under the impact of a high-speed projectile. To explore the effect of the projectile material behaviour on the fracture process, the projectile is assumed to be either perfectly-elastic or elastoplastic in two separate cases. The transient stress field and the resulting evolution of damage under impact are investigated. The nature of the collision and the constitutive behaviour are found to considerably affect the fracture process for the structure including the crack propagation rates, and the size and motion of the fragments. The progress of fracture is tracked by measuring the average damage level of the structure and the extent of energy dissipation, which depend strongly on the type of collision. The effect of fracture property (failure strain) of the concrete due to its various compositions is found to have a profound effect on the damage and fragmentation pattern of the structure.

• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.230-235
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• 2009

본 논문은 3차원구조물의 유한요소해석을 위한 자동 유한요소 생성에 관한 것으로 퍼지이론과 버블요소 생성기법, 상용 솔리드모델러로 구성되어진다. 새로운 요소생성과정은 (a) 해석모델인 형상모델링 정의, (b) 버블생성, 그리고 (c) 요소생성으로 이루어진다. 형상모델링에는 상용 솔리드모델러를 이용하였으며 버블은 각 지점에서의 버블간격함수에 의해 생성되어진다. 버블간격 함수는 지식처리수법에 의해 조절되어 진다. 요소생성을 위해서는 기본적으로 데로우니방법을 도입하였다. 이러한 3차원 구조물에 대한 유한요소의 자동생성은 해석을 위해 큰 잇점이 있다. 실제적인 현 시스템의 효용성을 검증하기위해 3차원 형상에 대한 예를 제시하였다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권9호
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• pp.2183-2188
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• 2009

본 논문은 3차원 균열의 유한요소해석을 위한 자동요소분할시스템에 대한 것으로, 논문의 구성은 퍼지지식처리, 버블메슁, 솔리드모델러로 구성된다. 새로운 요소분할과정은 (a) 해석모델인 기하학적 모델 정의, (b) 버블생성, (c), 요소분할로 구성되어 진다. 3차원 균열체를 위해 범용솔리드 모델러를 사용하였으며 버블은 존재하는 버블점들간의 거리가 그 점에서의 버블간격 함수와 유사한지를 결정하여 발생되어 진다. 버블간격 함수는 퍼지지식처리에 의해 잘 조절되어 진다. 요소생성에 관한 기본 툴로서는 데로우니기법이 사용되었다. 시스템의 실제적인 효용성을 검증하기 위해 3차원 균열에 대한 몇가지 예를 나타내었다.

• 한국전산구조공학회논문집
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.201-208
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• 2016

최근에 요소망의 재구성이 불필요하고 균열의 가시화에 강점을 가지는 확장유한요소법(XFEM)을 이용한 균열 해석이 많이 연구되고 있지만 주로 단일재료로 이루어진 부재의 해석에 집중되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 복합재료 부재인 철근콘크리트 보의 다중균열 해석에 확장유한요소법을 적용하며 그 적용성과 타당성을 살펴보았다. 확장유한요소해석 기능이 탑재된 상용 해석프로그램인 ABAQUS를 사용하여 균열해석을 수행하였으며 그 결과를 실험결과와 비교하였다. 확장유한요소법에서 인접요소에 동시에 균열이 발생할 경우 균열의 불연속성이 나타나지 않은 부가자유도 잠김 현상을 발견하였고 이에 대한 원인과 그 해결방안을 제시하였다. 또한 실험결과와 유사한 다중균열 발생을 위한 모델링 기법도 제시하였다. 확장유한요소법을 이용한 해석결과는 실험결과와 유사한 균열 양상 및 균열 간격을 보여 주었으며 하중-변위 관계에 있어서도 실험에 근접한 결과를 보여 주었다.