• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.733-739
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• 1966

A 371 agricultural households from 26 different communities in South Korea was subjected on a study of food taboos in January of 1966. To the pregnant women, those to whom a high protein diet is particurally important, as many as 14 different kinds of foods, mostly portein rich foods, were avoided to eat. It is believed that if duck is eaten while pregnant her baby may walk like a duck in later life. Some mother have a strong aversion to the rabbit meat that her unborn baby must be a harelip. It is feared to eat chicken, shark or carp by the pregnant mother for her baby may get a gooseflesh appearance, or fish scale-like skin in later life. It is thought that if mother eats soup made of meat borns, especially chicken bones, a disfigured baby may be born. Some area informed that if mother eats crab meat her future baby will always bubble. To the child-bearing mothers 13 different kinds of foods were avoided to eat. Some believe that if raddish kimchi, soybean curd, squash are eaten while dilivery that mother may get dental decay or to lose all her teeth. Other think that highly spiced raddish kimchi cause delivery difficult. To the lactating mothers 7 different items of foods were not recommended to eat. It is a common belief that eating green vegetables, especially fresh lettuce, are restricted that her baby may stool greenish. It is said that eating ginsen-chicken soup, or ginsen tea during lactating reduces breast milk secretion. To the weaning babies 7 different kinds of foods were prohibited to fee. Eggs are not eaten because mothers think her babies will start to talk very late. Eight different items of foods in cases of gastro-intestinal diseases, 5 items for liver disease, 7 items for high blood pressure as well as for paralysis were respectively restricted. It is said that meats including pork, beef, and chicken are neither desirable for the patients of high blood pressure nor those of paralysis. To the measles children 10 varieties of foods were restricted. Especially soybean products and meats were not encouraged to use for avoiding asecond attack of measles. For the common cold 8 different kinds of foods were aversed and men think that eating of soup of undria delays a recovery. For the tuberculosis 4 kinds of foods were prohibited to eat. It is said that wine, red pepper and ginsen will stimulate lung bleeding. Many mothers had a strong aversion to fermented shrimp and fish in case of style. and 5 different items of foods were restricted. In case of menstration not so many foods were restricted as other cases, but meat soup is not eaten in this condition in some areas. Majority of food taboos in Korean villages are neither based on tribal nor religious factors. But no one knows how, since what ages, from where, these food taboos have been transmitted and spread over the country. This survey found a great variety of food taboos, aversions, traditional beliefs and prohibitions latent unknown reseasons, or non-scientific conceptions, or completely different ideas from the modern medical aspect, or somewhat fallacious and superstitious beliefs. For the vascular disease contrasting approach were found between modern the oritical therapy and popular remedy among the rural populations who largely depend on the eastern medication. Further scientific study on either side should be done to lead the patient proper way. Many restricted foods such as rabbit, duck, chicken and fish are best resources of protein rich foods which are available in the village. Emphasis should be laid upon breaking down fallacious and supersititious food taboos through the extended nutrition education activities in order to improve food habit and good eating pattern for healthier and stronger generations of Korea.

• Journal of Korean Ophthalmic Optics Society
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.107-113
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• 2000

This study has analyzed soft contact lens care-after-sale and periodic examinations at optical shops and eye clinics. And I wish to make that use of educational data for the soft contact lens lesson of the department of ocular optics. This questionnaire studied the status of care for soft contact lens and periodic examination, of students who wears soft contact lens. The results are as follows: First, 7.5% of students questioned wore soft contact lens. More women than men wore soft contact lens. The soft contact lens wearers purchased lens mainly at optical shops. 78.5% of them wore daily wear lens. Because of cosmetic advantages of soft contact lens. 47.9% of them wore soft contact lens. 72.5% of them wore soft contact lens less than 12 hours per a day. 32.0% of them has worn soft contact lens more than 6 months less than 1 year. 51.1% of them experienced irritation. 39.7% of them have exchanged soft contact lens between 6 and 9 months. Secondly, when purchasing lenses. 60% of soft contact lens wearers were given instructions of general care, such as duration of wearing lens, how to remove protein, how to store, and how to sterilize at both of eye clinics and optical shops. But the proportion of instructions, such as side effects and periodic examination which were given to soft contact lens wearers, is lower both at eye clinics and optical shops. Especially at optical shops, the proportion of instruction for periodic examination, is lower than at eye clinics(p<0.05). Thirdly, The proportion of operations of periodic examinations after use of soft contact lens both at eye clinics and optical shops, is low. The soft contact lens wearers have had more periodic examinations at eye clinics than at optical shops. But the rate of non-periodic examination at optical shop is 87.9%. And for periodic examinations, general care was done at optical shops. On the other hand, eye examinations, general care, and treatments were done more at eye clinics. Fourthly, 60.3% of the soft contact lens wearers understood the necessity of the periodic examinations, but actually, only 6.4% of them were given the schedule for the periodic examinations, and 2.5% of them were given at an optical shop(p<0.01).

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.81-87
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• 2007

Purpose: Chondroblastoma of bone is rare with the potential for local recurrence and metastasis. A retrospective review of 30 patients with chondroblastoma of bone treated at a single institution during a 24-year period was conducted to determine the clinical outcome and relevant prognostic factors. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients with biopsy-proven chondroblastoma of bone, treated between September of 1981 and September of 2005, were retrospectively reviewed. There were 16 men and 14 women with an average follow-up period of 7.2 years (range, 1.6~21.2). The most common sites were the distal femur (n=7), proximal humerus (n=6), proximal tibia (n=6) and proximal femur (n=4). The average age of the patients was 20 years (range, 12~47) with closed physes in 20 patients(67%.) Twenty-seven patients(90%) were treated by curettage of the tumor with or without bone grafting or cementing. Three patients(10%) were treated with en bloc resection. Clinical and pathological factors reported to be associated with poor outcome were analyzed. Results: Four local recurrences(13%) developed in postoperative 4, 6, 7 and 16 months. These patients underwent further curettage (once in 2 patients and twice 2) and had no further recurrence. All patients showed no evidence of disease at the final follow-up. Local recurrence developed in the two cases which removal of the tumor was incomplete. Curettage and bone-grafting (1) and cementing (1) were performed in the two other cases with local recurrences. In contrast, no local recurrences were observed in the 3 cases treated with en-bloc resection. The status of physes or the histologic presence of aneurysmal bone cyst, the anatomic location of the tumor did not affect local recurrence. Conclusion: Adequate removal of the tumor with aggressive curettage or en bloc resection seems to be necessary to prevent local recurrence in chondroblastoma. The status of physes, the histologic presence of aneurysmal bone cyst or the anatomic location of the tumor was not related with local recurrence.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.347-354
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• 2006

Most patients suffering from TMD appear to have unsatisfactory masticatory function and compromised values of bite force. The purposes of this study were to investigate and compare bite force between affected and unaffected sides of patients with unilateral TMD and to evaluate its relation with duration of TMD. 42 patients with unilateral TMD, from Department of Oral Medicine, Dankook University Dental Hospital, were selected for this study. The ratio of men to women was 9:33 and their mean age of $27.2{\pm}10.4$ years. The bite forces were measured over both canines (for anterior bite force) and $1^{st}$ molars (for posterior bite force) using a bite force recorder while all the subjects were asked to clench successively for 3 seconds not until pain was felt. They were compared with those measured from bilateral TMD patients(N=6, M:F=1:5, mean age: $23.0{\pm}27.3$ years). The unilateral TMD patients were divided into time groups according to duration of TMD on the basis of 1 and 6 months, respectively. Paired and unpaired t-tests were used for statistical analysis. Unilateral TMD patients in this study showed that the affected sides had significantly lower bite force than the unaffected sides(force difference of about 7-8 kgf, p<0.05) while there was no significant sides difference in the bilateral patients. Nor did bite force on the affected sides reveal significant difference between unilateral and bilateral TMD patients. With regards to TMD duration, there was significant difference between the patients with TMD < 6 months and $\geq$ 6 months (p<0.05) while no significant difference existed between < 1 month and $\geq$ 1 month. The results of this study indicated that unilateral TMD patients can exhibit more reduced bite force on the affected sides compared with that on the unaffected sides and that bite force on the unaffected sides might be deteriorated more as longer did TMD last.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 1990

This study was intended to analyse the relation between the psychic traumatic experience and the psychological health of the aged. The authors carried out this study by means of the combined anxiety-depression scale(CADS) and the preadolescence traumatic experience scale(PTES) with 278 aged men and women residing in Taegu from September to October 1988. The results were as follows : 1. Based on the scores avaluated by CADS, the scores of the both groups showed that comparative group was accounted for $40.15{\pm}6.19$, while the experimental group for $57.75{\pm}6.37$, which showed significantly higher score in the experimental group(p<0.001). 2. The experimental group showed significantly higher early experience score than the comparative group in the dietary difficulty, alcoholism among family members, disunion between husband and wife, trouble between mother and children, early mother loss, parent's indifference and unwanted birth(p<0.001). 3. The experimental group showed higher early experience score than the comparative group by sex, age, marital status and grown location(p<0.001). 4. When the subjects were included in the unemployed and in the middle or low classes and their parents were engaged in agriculture and commercial business and believing in buddhism or non-religion, showed higher experience score (p<0.001).

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.161-167
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• 2012

Burning mouth syndrome(BMS) is defined as chronic, painful burning sensation in the oral mucosa. Treatments for BMS include medication and psychiatric interventions. Capsaicin, alpha-lipoic acid, and topical and systemic clonazepam showed more effective in reducing the symptoms of BMS in the previous studies. The purpose of this study is to evaluate of the therapeutic efficacy of systemic clonazepam in BMS and to elucidate the relationships between such a efficacy and various clinical features, including age, pain intensity, pain duration, previous dental history and condition of oral mucosa. A retrospective clinical records audit was performed of patients diagnosed with BMS between January 2011 and August 2012. Patients were prescribed 0.5 mg clonazepam two times daily. Pain was assessed by patients on an 11-point numeric rating scale (NRS; 0 to 10) before and 1-2 weeks after systemic administration of clonazepam. The efficacy of clonazepam was evaluated in terms of patient's age, initial pain intensity, pain duration, presence or absence of precipitating event, condition of the tongue, presence or absence of denture. A total of 50 patients (46 women, 4 men) were included in this study. The patients were divided into two or three groups according to above clinical features. The amount of mean NRS reduction in patients with severe initial pain was $3.33{\pm}2.74$, whereas that in patients with mild initial pain was $1.64{\pm}1.54$. The amount of mean NRS reduction in oldest patients was $3.53{\pm}1.94$ (${\geq}$70yrs), and those in another younger patients were $2.88{\pm}1.80$(< 60yrs) and $1.54{\pm}2.86$(60yrs ${\leq}$ age < 70yrs), respectively. It was concluded that the older patients and the patients with higher intensity of initial pain tend to show better efficacy of clonazepam. However, There were no statistically significant differences according to pain duration, presence or absence of precipitating events, tongue fissuring, and wearing dentures.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.34-43
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• 2009

Purpose: Glomus tumors are rare benign vascular tumors, usually located in the skin or soft tissue of extremities. Approximately 30-50% of glomus tumors occur in subungal area, but glomus tumors have been described in every location even where glomus bodies are not or rarely present. The purpose of this study was to identify clinical, histologic and MRI characteristics of soft tissue glomus tumor. Materials and Methods: Between 1993 and 2008, eight patients underwent surgery of soft tissue Glomus tumor at our institution. Exclusion criteria were patients with Glomus tumors in digits, stomach, trachea and glomus tympanicum. We analyzed medical records, interviews, physical examinations, MR findings and histolocial types retrospectively. Results: There were four men and four women. The mean age was fourty-seven years. The mean prevalence time was eight-point-nine years. In the classic triad of symptoms, all eight patients had pain and tenderness. Two patients complained of cold sensitivity. Two showed skin color changes. After surgery, two showed symptom improvement (VAS $9^{\circ}{\rightarrow}8$, $8^{\circ}{\rightarrow}5$) and?six showed complete disappearance of symptoms. Slightly symptom improvemented (VAS $9^{\circ}{\rightarrow}8$) one had additional surgery two times after first surgery due to relapse/remaining Glomus tumor. The mean size was 13.9 mm. In histology, six were 'solid glomus tumor', one was a mixture of 'solid glomus tumor' and 'lomangioma' and one was 'malignant glomus tumor'. MR findings showed isointense signal on T1 image, high signal on T2 image and strong enhancement on the Gadolinium enhanced image. Conclusion: Glomus tumor has low recurrence rate and malignant change, rapid diagnosis and surgical excision is critical in treatment to prevent unnecessary pain of patient.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.232-236
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• 2008

Purpose: Laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer was introduced in the past decade because it was considered less invasive than open surgery, and this results in less postoperative pain, faster recovery and an improved quality of life. Several studies have demonstrated the safety and feasibility of this procedure. We examined the outcome of performing laparoscopic surgery for gastric cancer over the last two year. Materials and Methods: From April 2004 to December 2006, 329 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma underwent a laparoscopy-assisted distal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection. The data was retrospectively reviewed in terms of the clinicopathologic findings, the perioperative outcomes and the complications. Results: The total patient group was comprised 196 men (59.6%) and 133 women (40.4%). The mean BMI was 23.6 and the mean tumor size was 2.7 cm. The mean number of harvested lymph node was 22.7, and this was 18.6 before 30 cases and 23.1 after 30 cases, and the difference was significant (P=0.02). The mean operation time was 180.9 min, and this was than 287.9 min before 30 cases and 170.2 min after 30 cases. After 30 cases, there was a significant improvement of the operation time (P<0.01). The mean incision length after 30 cases was shorter than that before 30 cases (P<0.01). Postoperative complications occurred in 24 (7.3%) of 329 patients and there was no conversion to open surgery. Conclusion: Even though the LADG was accompanied by a difficult learning curve, we successfully performed 329 LADG procedures over the past 2 years and we believe that LADG is a safe, feasible operation for treating most early gastric cancers (EGC).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.12
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• pp.1360-1365
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• 1996

From September 1992 to May 1996, 38 patients ranging in age from 23 to 78, were operated for aortic dissection at Asan medical center There were 21 men and 17 women. The underlying aortic pathology were acute aortic dissection in 23, chronic aortic dissection in 15. Eight patients had Martian syndrome. In 34 cases of DeBakey type I, II patients, femoral artery and vein and/or right atrial auricle were used as cannulation site. With deep hypothermic c rculatory arrest (esophageal temperature 12 $\pm$ 2.5$^{\circ}C$) and retrograde cerebral perfusion of cold oxygenated blood through SVC, we replaced the ascending aorta and the part of arch if necessary. The mean duration of the total circulatory arrest time was 25 $\pm$ 1.7 mintstuts. In 4 cases of DeBakey type III patients, we replaced descending thoracic aorta or thoracoabdomlnal aorta without shunt or bypass under normothermia with an average 30: 1.5 minutesaortic cross clamp time. One death(2.6%) occurred on the twenty-second postoperative day owing to asphyxia related to ulcer bleeding. Postoperative complications were myocardial infarction with transient left peroneal palsy in 1 case, transient lower extremity weakness in 1 case and prolonged ventilatory support in 1 case. Two patients required reoperation due to retrograde extended dissection and aortic insufuciency. There was no late death with an average 25 months follow-up period.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.253-263
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• 1991

Twenty-seven patients with unresectable extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (n=21) or with microscopic evidence of tumor rest after aggressive surgery for extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (n=6) between 1985 and 1990 were given radiotherapy consisting intentionally external radiotherapy and/or intraluminal therapy using Gamma-Med 12i (192-Ir) high dose rate (HDR) remote control afterloading system following bile drainage procedures and Gianturco stent insertion. The objectives of this study has been to assess the feasibility and effects on survival of a combination of external radiotherapy and brachytherapy with which we hope to achieve optimal loco-regional control for patients with unresectable extrahepatic bile duct tumors. Sixteen patients were men and eleven were women, and the mean age was 58 years (34-70). 10MV X-ray was used for radiation therapy, with the total dose ranging from 45 Gy to 55 Gy, and intraluminal brachytherapy performed after external radiotherapy, with the dose of total 15 Gy. The minimum follow up was 12 months. Failure were predominantly local-regional, without distant failure. Median survival was 10 months; 2-year actuarial survival rates was $21\%$. Median survival for common hepatic duct (CHD) cancer was 9 months; for common bile duct (CBD) cancer, was 16 months. And median survival for incomplete surgery/external radiotherapy group and external/intraluminal radiotherapy group was 10 months; for external radiotherapy alone group, was 6 months. Use of chemotherapy and/or hyperthermia were not affected in survival. Therefore, our result is that the survival rates in the group of external/intraluminal radiotherapy were comparable with ones in the group of incomplete resection/external radiotherapy, and so we believe that the aggressive local and regional radiotherapy can improve the quality of life and the survival length.