• BMB Reports
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• 제55권10호
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• pp.512-517
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• 2022

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is brain damage which is caused by the impact of external mechanical forces. TBI can lead to the temporary or permanent impairment of physical and cognitive abilities, resulting in abnormal behavior. We recently observed that a single session of early exercise in animals with TBI improved their behavioral performance in the absence of other cognitive abnormalities. In the present study, we investigated the therapeutic effects of continuous exercise during the early stages of TBI in rats. We found that continuous low-intensity exercise in early-stage improves the locomotion recovery in the TBI of animal models; however, it does not significantly enhance short-term memory capabilities. Moreover, continuous early exercise not only reduces the protein expression of cerebral damage-related markers, such as Glial Fibrillary Acid Protein (GFAP), Neuron-Specific Enolase (NSE), S100β, Protein Gene Products 9.5 (PGP9.5), and Heat Shock Protein 70 (HSP70), but it also decreases the expression of apoptosis-related protein BAX and cleaved caspase 3. Furthermore, exercise training in animals with TBI decreases the microglia activation and the expression of inflammatory cytokines in the serum, such as CCL20, IL-13, IL-1α, and IL-1β. These findings thus demonstrate that early exercise therapy for TBI may be an effective strategy in improving physiological function, and that serum protein levels are useful biomarkers for the predicition of the effectiveness of early exercise therapy.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.137-149
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• 2022

We investigated the effects of Cirsium japonicum var. maackii (CJM) against oxidative stress-induced C6 glial cells and cognitive impairment in mice. To evaluate the anti-oxidative effect of the extract and fractions from CJM, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and nitric oxide (NO) assays were conducted in H₂O₂-treated C6 glial cells. Furthermore, we identified the protective mechanisms of CJM with a scopolamine-treated mice model. The results revealed that H₂O₂ decreased the cell viability in C6 glial cells, indicating that H₂O₂ induced oxidative stress in glial cells. However, CJM fractions significantly increased cell viability in H₂O₂-treated C6 glial cells, which suggested that CJM protected against oxidative stress. CJM extract and fractions also reduced ROS and NO production, which were increased by H₂O₂ in C6 glial cells. In particular, the EtOAc fraction from CJM (EACJM) effectively protected against oxidative stress by increasing the cell viability and decreasing ROS and NO. Therefore, we carried out further in vivo experiments with EACJM. Scopolamine caused increases of ROS, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and NO production. However, EACJM effectively alleviated ROS, TBARS, and NO levels compared to scopolamine-injected mice. In addition, EACJM up-regulated protein expressions of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, indicating that EACJM enhanced the antioxidative system. Our results demonstrated that CJM had protective effects against oxidative stress in glial cells and memory dysfunction in mice. Based on these results, we propose that CJM could be a potential AD preventive and therapeutic agent.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.571-580
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• 2023

본 연구는 Cakewalk By Bandlab(이하 Cakewalk)과 TTS-1의 접근성 평가의 후속연구로, Cakewalk가 기본으로 제공하는 VSTi 형식의 SI-Drum의 기본 접근성을 평가하고 접근방법을 연구하기 위한 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서는 스크린리더 사용자가 SI-Drum을 사용하여 국가직무능력표준(NCS) [가상악기 에디팅하기] 작업을 수행할 수 있는 지에 대한 기본 접근성이 소프트웨어 개발자 관점에서 평가되었다. 또한, Cakewalk 단축키 등록 기능, MIDI 기능, 센스리더 기능을 활용한 확장된 접근성이 평가되고 접근방법이 모색되었다. 본 연구 결과, SI-Drum의 기본 접근성은 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 센스리더의 마우스 기능과 위치기억 기능을 중심으로 사용하는 확장된 접근 기능을 활용하면 [가상악기 에디팅하기] 작업을 수행할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 하지만, 이 작업도 각 컨트롤에 접근할 수 있는 위치기억 목록을 만들고 저장하기 위한 정안인의 도움이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 스크린리더 사용자가 더 효율적으로 작업을 수행하기 위해서는 기본 접근성 확보가 우선 필요하고, 이를 위한 Cakewalk와 센스리더의 개선사항이 제안되었다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2021년도 제64차 하계학술대회논문집 29권2호
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• pp.305-307
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• 2021

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a cognitive disorder characterized by memory impairment that can be assessed at early stages based on administering clinical tests. However, the AD pathophysiological mechanism is still poorly understood due to the difficulty of distinguishing different levels of AD severity, even using a variety of brain modalities. Therefore, in this study, we present a hybrid EEG-fNIRS modalities to compensate for each other's weaknesses with the help of Machine Learning (ML) techniques for classifying four subject groups, including healthy controls (HC) and three distinguishable groups of AD levels. A concurrent EEF-fNIRS setup was used to record the data from 41 subjects during Oddball and 1-back tasks. We employed both a traditional neural network (NN) and a CNN-LSTM hybrid model for fNIRS and EEG, respectively. The final prediction was then obtained by using majority voting of those models. Classification results indicated that the hybrid EEG-fNIRS feature set achieved a higher accuracy (71.4%) by combining their complementary properties, compared to using EEG (67.9%) or fNIRS alone (68.9%). These findings demonstrate the potential of an EEG-fNIRS hybridization technique coupled with ML-based approaches for further AD studies.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.252-263
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• 2023

Purpose: To assess the feasibility, safety, and preliminary estimates of effectiveness of Tai Chi on the functional outcomes of older adults in the community. Methods: This was a mixed-method study that employed a single-group repeated measure design and in-depth interviews. Nine older adults were recruited from the community were recruited to participate in a Tai Chi program, conducted twice weekly for 6 months. Research outcomes included physical function, cognitive function, and quality of life, measured at intervals of 3 and 6 months. Findings: Tai Chi exercises were gradually conducted based on the health status of the older adults. All participants actively participated in the program with an average attendance of 90%. Consequently, the participants showed significant improvements in mobility and their memory recall ability at both 3 and 6 months. Additionally, the results of the Stroop test exhibited improvement 3 months after the commencement of the study program. Quality of life of the participants improved according to the mild cognitive impairment questionnaire, but it did not show significant improvement in health-related quality of life. Conclusion: The Tai Chi exercise program was a safe and, feasible program to improve the physical function, cognitive function, quality of life among the older adults in the community.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권11호
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• pp.2924-2944
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• 2023

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological condition that is recognized as one of the primary causes of memory loss. AD currently has no cure. Therefore, the need to develop an efficient model with high precision for timely detection of the disease is very essential. When AD is detected early, treatment would be most likely successful. The most often utilized indicators for AD identification are the Mini-mental state examination (MMSE), and the clinical dementia. However, the use of these indicators as ground truth marking could be imprecise for AD detection. Researchers have proposed several computer-aided frameworks and lately, the supervised model is mostly used. In this study, we propose a novel 3D Convolutional Neural Network Multilayer Perceptron (3D CNN-MLP) based model for AD classification. The model uses Attention Mechanism to automatically extract relevant features from Magnetic Resonance Images (MRI) to generate probability maps which serves as input for the MLP classifier. Three MRI scan categories were considered, thus AD dementia patients, Mild Cognitive Impairment patients (MCI), and Normal Control (NC) or healthy patients. The performance of the model is assessed by comparing basic CNN, VGG16, DenseNet models, and other state of the art works. The models were adjusted to fit the 3D images before the comparison was done. Our model exhibited excellent classification performance, with an accuracy of 91.27% for AD and NC, 80.85% for MCI and NC, and 87.34% for AD and MCI.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.77-83
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• 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by neuronal cell death and memory impairment. Corticosterone (CORT) is a glucocorticoid hormone produced by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in response to a stressful condition. Excessive stress and high CORT levels are known to cause neurotoxicity and aggravate various diseases, whereas mild stress and low CORT levels exert beneficial actions under pathophysiological conditions. However, the effects of mild stress on AD have not been clearly elucidated yet. In this study, the effects of low (3 and 30 nM) CORT concentration on Aβ_25-35-induced neurotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells and underlying molecular mechanisms have been investigated. Cytotoxicity caused by Aβ_25-35 was significantly inhibited by the low concentration of CORT treatment in the cells. Furthermore, CORT pretreatment significantly reduced Aβ_25-35-mediated pro-apoptotic signals, such as increased Bim/Bcl-2 ratio and caspase-3 cleavage. Moreover, low concentration of CORT treatment inhibited the Aβ_25-35-induced cyclooxygenase-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions, including tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. Aβ_25-35 resulted in intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation, which were effectively reduced by the low CORT concentration. As a molecular mechanism, low CORT concentration activated the nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2, a redox-sensitive transcription factor mediating cellular defense and upregulating the expression of antioxidant enzymes, such as NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase, glutamylcysteine synthetase, and manganese superoxide dismutase. These findings suggest that low CORT concentration exerts protective actions against Aβ_25-35-induced neurotoxicity and might be used to treat and/or prevent AD.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제83권4호
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• pp.945-950
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• 2022

항-N-메틸 D-아스파르테이트 수용체(anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor; 이하 항-NMDAR) 뇌염은 중증이지만 치료가 가능한 흔한 자가면역뇌염이다. 항-NMDAR 뇌염 환자는 종종 망상, 환각 및 편집증과 같은 정신병적 증상뿐만 아니라 기억력 손상 및 지속적인 주의력 상실과 같은 증상을 호소한다. 항-NMDAR 뇌염 환자의 자기공명영상 소견은 대부분의 경우에서 이상 소견을 보이지 않으나, 이상 소견이 보이는 경우에는 뇌 실질의 T2 고강도 병변과 이와 인접한 연수막에 조영증강이 있는 것으로 알려져 있다. 그러나 항-NMDAR 뇌염에서 단독 연수막 조영증강은 드물게 보고되어 있다. 우리는 항-NMDAR 뇌염에서 단독 연수막 조영증강을 보인 환자의 증례 보고와 함께 조영증강 유체감쇠반전회복기법 영상의 진단 가치를 보여주고자 한다.

• 문화기술의 융합
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.495-500
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• 2024

본 연구는, 플러그인 가상악기의 접근성 평가 연구의 후속 연구로, 플러그인 가상악기 SI-Bass Guitar의 접근성을 평가하고 접근방법을 연구하기 위한 목적이 있다. 본 연구는 센스리더를 사용하는 시각장애인이 SI-Bass Guitar를 사용하여 국가직무능력표준의 [가상악기 에디팅하기] 업무를 키보드만으로 수행할 수 있는지를 평가하는 기본 접근성과 Cakewalk 단축키 등록 기능, MIDI 기능, 센스리더 기능을 활용한 확장된 접근성이 평가되었고, 업무수행을 위한 작업 방법이 모색되었다. 접근성 평가결과, SI-Bass Guitar는 기본 접근성이 없어, 센스리더의 마우스&위치기억 기능을 사용해야만 [가상악기 에디팅하기] 작업을 수행할 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이 결과를 바탕으로, 시각장애인이 SI-Bass Guitar를 사용하는 방법이 소개되었고, 접근성 확보를 위한 몇가지 방안이 제안되었다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.237-249
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 기억 손상을 유발하는 scopolamine을 투여한 마우스의 산화적 스트레스에 대하여 12주간 공급시킨 대두 청국장 분말, 약콩 청국장 분말 및 흑미, 흑임자, 다시마를 첨가한 약콩 청국장 분말 식이의 영향을 규명하고자 하였다. 그 결과, scopolamine을 투여한 마우스의 뇌 중량은 감소되었으나 세 종류의 청국장 분말의 섭취로 유의하게 호전시킬 수 있었다. Scopolamine의 투여로 인한 산화적 스트레스로 인해 혈청에서 증가된 NO와 MDA 함량은 세 종류의 청국장 분말의 섭취로 감소되었으며, 이러한 결과는 대두, 약콩 및 블랙푸드가 함유된 약콩 청국장 식이는 항산화 작용을 할 것으로 기대된다. 항산화 효소로 혈청에서의 SOD와 GST 활성은 모든 실험군 간에 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 뇌 조직의 SOD 활성은 정상군에 비해 scopolamine을 투여한 모든 실험군에서 p<0.05 수준에서 유의적으로 낮은 활성을 보였으나, GST 활성은 증가되었다. 증가된 GST 활성은 대두, 약콩 및 블랙푸드가 함유된 약콩 청국장 식이 섭취로 조절되었으나, 정상군의 활성 수준에는 미치지 못하였다. Scopolamine의 투여로 낮아진 혈청의 retinol 함량은 약콩 및 블랙푸드가 함유된 약콩 청국장이, 그리고 뇌 조직에서는 대두 및 약콩 청국장 섭취로 높일 수 있었다. 또한 scopolamine의 투여로 낮아진 혈청의 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$과 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$ acetate 함량은 블랙푸드가 함유된 약콩 청국장 섭취로 증가를 보임에 따라 블랙푸드가 함유된 청국장이 체내 비타민 E 상태에 대한 보호효과가 기대된다. 뇌 조직의 TAC는 정상군에 비해 scopolamine으로 투여군에서 현저히 낮았으나, 약콩 및 블랙푸드가 함유된 약콩 청국장 섭취로 정상수준으로 TAC를 증가시킬 수 있었다. 따라서 scopolamine의 투여로 증가된 산화적 스트레스에 대하여 대두, 약콩 및 블랙푸드가 함유된 약콩 청국장 분말이 항산화 효과를 보였다. 그러므로 향후 산화적 스트레스에 의한 알츠하이머형 치매의 예방과 관리를 위하여 청국장 이외에 블랙푸드 섭취에 대한 중요성을 강조할 수 있는 근거 자료로 충분한 가치고 있을 것으로 판단된다.