• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.125-136
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• 2019

The radish skin and radish greens are an edible part of the radish. But they are removed before eating the radish and used as a byproduct or an animal feed material because of their tough and rough texture. Melanin is a pigment that gives colour to our skin. But increased production of melanin can turn into benign or malignant tumours. These days due to global warming, the amount of Ultra violet (UVB) rays has been extensively increased with sunlight. Due to this, a phenomenon called exogenous photo aging is widely observed for all skin colour and types. As a result of this phenomenon, a set of enzymes called matrix metalloproteinases (MMP's) that serves as degradation enzymes for extracellular matrix proteins mainly collagen is increased, causing depletion in collagen and resulting in early wrinkles formation. Therefore in our study we used the murine melanoma cell line B16/F10 to study the melanogenesis inhibition by Heated radish extract (HRE) in vitro and we used HRM-2 hair less mice exposed to artificial UVB for checking the efficacy of Heated radish extract in vivo. Furthermore, we prepared a 3% Heated radish extract (HRE) cream and checked its effects on human skin. Our results have clearly demonstrated that Heated radish extract (HRE) have potently suppressed the tyrosinase activity and melanin production in B16/F10 cells. It had also reduced the expression of components involved in melanin production pathway both transcriptionally and transitionally. In in vivo studies, HRE had potently suppressed the expression of MMP's and reduced the wrinkle formation and inhibited collagen degradation. Moreover, on human skin, ginseng cream increased the resilience, skin moisture and enhanced the skin tone. Therefore in light of these findings, we conclude that HRE is an excellent skin whitening and antiaging product.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1456-1461
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• 2007

Melanogenesis is induced mainly by ultraviolet radiation of sunlight and ${\alpha}-melanocyte$-stimulating hormone (${\alpha}-MSH$) which binds to a specific G protein coupled receptor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanism of melanogenesis inhibition in B16/F10 cells by methanol extract of Rubus coreanus Miquel (RCM). In the present study, ${\alpha}-MSH$ and forskolin led to a stimulation of melanin synthesis that appeared to result from an increased tyrosinase activity and melanin content. However, RCM inhibited the ${\alpha}-MSH$- and forskolin-induced melanin synthesis. In addition, RCM abolished the ${\alpha}-MSH$- and forskolin-induced cytoplasmic dendricity. Regarding protein levels of the melanogenic enzymes, the amounts of tyrosinase and tyrosinase-related protein 1 (TRP-1) were increased after incubation with α-MSH and forskolin. The treatment of RCM decreased the ${\alpha}-MSH$- and forskolin-induced expression levels of tyrosinase and TRP-1. Based on these findings, it is likely that RCM exerts its depigmenting effects in B16/F10 cells through the suppression of tyrosinase and TRP-1 expression, which are key enzymes for melanogenesis.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.19-25
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• 2019

Objectives : Thymol (2-isopropyl-5-methylphenol), a natural monoterpenoid phenol, is one of the major odorant constituents found in natural essential oils of various herbal plants, such as Thymus quinquecostatus and Thymus vulgaris. Multiple biological activities of thymol, including antioxidative, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory effects, have been reported in numerous in vitro studies, and recently it was suggested that thymol may could inhibit oxidization of L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) to dopaquinone required in melanogenesis pathway, as an antioxidant. Methods : MTT assay was performed to test the cytotoxic effect of thymol in B16F10 cells. Inhibitory effect of thymol to tyrosinase activities were examined using both mushroom tyrosinase and intracellular tyrosinase. Expression level of tyrosinase in B16F10 cells were investigated by western blot analysis. Results : The cell viability was decreased by thymol treatment in dose-dependant manner, leading significant cytotoxicity in 500 and $1000{\mu}M$ thymol-treated groups. In the alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (${\alpha}$-MSH)-induced melanogenesis, administration of thymol significantly decreased extracellular (secreted) melanin content in dose-dependent manner. Cellular tyrosinase activity assay and western blot analysis of intracellular tyrosinase showed that thymol has a strong anti-melanogenic effect by inhibition of tyrosinase activity and by decreasing expression of tyrosinase that contribute to melanin synthesis in the B1610 cells. Conclusions : As the first functional study that prove anti-melanogenic effect of thymol and its underlying mechanism in the living cells, our study suggests the applicability of fragrance as the functional materials of cosmetics or health supplement, not as just an additive.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.131-148
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• 2005

This study is peformed to investigate the effect of water extract from Vaccinium uliginosum L., on melanin production in B 16 melanoma cells, procollagen production and matrix metalloproteinase-1(MMP-1) inhibition in human fibroblast cells. One hundred grams of the Vaccinium uliginosum L. was extracted with 2000 mL of water($90^{\circ}C$, 16h, 2times). The water extracts were lyophilized and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ until used. Dry weight yields of extracts of Vaccinium uliginosum L. were $3\%$(w/w). Extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. showed scavenger activities on DPPH radical, superoxide anion radical, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide and singlet oxygen radical. And these substances inhibited release of cyiokines from human keratinocyte after UV B exposure. Therefore we confirmed that extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. had antioxidative effect. These substances inhibited purified tyrosinase activity and melanogenesis in B 16 melanoma cells treated/untreated IL-$1{\alpha}$. Moreover this extract stimulated procollagen production and inhibited MMP-1 production in human fibroblast cells treated/untreated IL-$1{\beta}$. Therefore we confirmed that extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. had whitening effect. And these substances decreased degree of wrinkle in hairless mouse skin that induced by UV B irradiation. Therefore we confirmed that extracts from Vaccinium uliginosum L. had anti-wrinkle effect. From the above results, it is possible that Vaccinium uliginosum L. may be developed to be an anti-melanogenesis agent and anti-wrinkle agent.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.376-381
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• 2007

Seven compounds were isolated from the MeOH extract of the seeds of Plantago asiatica L. and their structures were identified as ${\beta}-sitosterol$ (1), (24R)-6${\beta}$-hydroxy-24-ethyl-cholest-4-en-3-one (2), acteoside (3), geniposidic acid (4), 1-octen-3-ol 3-O-${\beta}$-D-xylopyranosyl$(1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (5), plantainoside D (6) and plantamajoside (7) on the spectroscopic analysis. Among them, $(24R)-6{\beta}$-hydroxy-24-ethyl-cholest-4-en-3-one (2) and 1-octen-3-ol 3-O-${\beta}$-D-xylopyranosyl ($1{\rightarrow}6)-{\beta}-D-glucopyranoside$ (5) were first isolated from this plant. Among them, geniposidic acid (4) showed the most potent inhibitory effect on melanogenesis, with inhibition rate of 41%.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.394-399
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• 2007

Eight compounds were isolated from the roots of Asarum sieboldii and their structures were identified as $({\pm})$-car-3-ene-2,5-dione (1), (-)-asarinin (2), (-)-sesamin (3), eucarvone (4), methyleugenol (5), ${\gamma}-asarone$ (6), pellitorine (7) and asarinol A (8) by analysis of spectral data. Among them, (-)-asarinin (2) showed the most potent inhibitory effect on melanogenesis, with inhibition rate of 66%.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 1997

It has been observed that local increase in melanin synthesis or uneven distribution can cause local hyperpigmintation or spot. Pigmentary disorders are caused by various factors, including inflammation, imbalance of hormones, and genetic disorder. Recently the harmfulness of Ultraviolet radiation is increasing due to destruction of ozone layer. Excessive exposure to UV radiation caused post-inflammatory pigmentation. Most women want to avoid uneven skin pigmentation. To satisfy this desire many cosmetic companies have been developing melanogenesis inhibitors and finding promising active agents for use in cosmetic preparations for skin whitening. In cosmetic preparations, many inhibitors such as kojic acid, arbutin, ascorbic acid, and licorice extracts6 have been used as whitening purpose. Plant extracts having an inhibitory effect on melanin formation may be a good choice for cosmetic purpose because of their relatively lower side effects. Therefore, we screened 285 plant extracts for their inhibitory activity in tyrosinase. Of the plant extracts, ramulus mori extracts showed potent tyrosinase inhibition activity. We also identified the active compound in the extract.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.233-237
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• 2017

Melanin is one of the most important factors affecting skin color. Melanogenesis is the bioprocess of melanin production by melanocytes in the skin and hair follicles and is mediated by several enzymes, such as tyrosinase, tyrosinase related protein (TRP)-1, and TRP-2, MITF. In this study, we investigated the effect of Artemisia fukudo Makino extracts on tyrosinase activity and melanin production as natural products of whitening functional cosmetics. Melanin content in murine B16F10 melanoma cells were decreased by Artemisia fukudo Makino extracts in a dose-dependently. In addition, the inhibition of tyrosinase activity of Artemisia fukudo Makino extracts showed to decrease tyrosinase activity as the concentration of ${\alpha}-MSH$ was increased. Furthermore, western blot analysis revealed that Artemisia fukudo Makino extracts significantly downregulated the expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1 which treat of ${\alpha}-MSH-induced$ melanogenesis in murine B16F10 melanoma cells. As a result, Artemisia fukudo Makino extract showed functionalities as an effective whitening agent to inhibit melanin formation.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.337-342
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• 2009

Acquired pigmentary skin diseases such as abnormal melanogenesis, vitiligo, chloasma and inflammatory pigmentation are related to regulate the melanin production, In this study, an ethanol extract of Hovenia dulcis Thunb.(EHD) makedly inhibited melanin biosynthesis and suppressed, the protein expression of tyrosinase, tyrosinase-related protein 1(TRP-1), and tyrosinase-related protein 2(TRP-2) in B16F10 cells. On the other hand, EHD did not inhibit mushroom tyrosinase activity. These results indicate that EHD may contribute to the inhibition of melanin biosynthesis through regulating tyrosinase activity and expression, and serve as a new candidate in the design of new skin-whitening or therapeutic agents.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.269-273
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• 2014

Activity guided phytochemical examination of the rhizome of Phragmites communis has led to the isolation of two phenolic acids and two lignans. Structures of these compounds were elucidated as methyl gallate (1), ${\rho}$ -hydroxy cinnamic acid (2), (+) -lyoniresinol (3), (+)-lyoniresinol-9'-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (4) by comparisons with previously reported spectral data. To investigate the melanogenesis inhibitory effects of these compounds, the melanin level and tyrosinase activity were examined in B16F10 melanoma cell. Each compound inhibited both tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis compared with positive control, kojic acid and arbutin. These results suggest that the phenolic compounds from Phragmites communis might be developed as a potent skin whitenting cosmeceuticals.