• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.188-193
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• 2006

We induced the activation of melanocytes in the epidermis of C57BL/6 mice by ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation and observed the effect of red ginseng (RG) on the formation, and decrease of UVB-induced epidermal mel-anocytes. C57BL/6 mice were irradiated by UVB $80mJ/cm^2$ (0.5 mW/sec) daily for 7 days, and RG was intraperitoneally or topically applied pre- or post-irradiation. For the estimation of change of epidermal melanocytes, light microscopic observation with dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) stain was performed. Split epidermal sheets prepared from the ear of untreated mice exhibited 11-16 $melanocytes/mm^2$, and one week after UV irradiation, the applied areas show an increased number of strongly DOPA-positive melanocytes with stout dendrites. But intraperitoneal or topical treatment with RG before each irradiation interrupted UVB-induced pigmentation and resulted in a marked reduction in the number of epidermal melanocytes as compared to radiation control skin. The number and size of DOPA-positive epidermal mel-anocytes were also significantly decreased in intraperitoneally injected or topically applicated group after irradiation with RG at 3rd and 6th weeks after irradiation. The present study suggests the RG as inhibitor of UVB-induced pigmentation and depigmenting agent.

• MALSORI
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• no.67
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• pp.195-216
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• 2008

This paper addresses the problem of single-channel speech separation to extract the speech signal uttered by the speaker of interest from a mixture of speech signals. We propose to apply time-frequency smoothing to the existing statistical single-channel speech separation algorithms: The soft mask and the minimum-mean-square-error (MMSE) algorithms. In the proposed method, we use the two smoothing later. One is the uniform mask filter whose filter length is uniform at the time-Sequency domain, and the other is the met-scale filter whose filter length is met-scaled at the time domain. In our speech separation experiments, the uniform mask filter improves speaker-to-interference ratio (SIR) by 2.1dB and 1dB for the soft mask algorithm and the MMSE algorithm, respectively, whereas the mel-scale filter achieves 1.1dB and 0.8dB for the same algorithms.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.721-729
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• 2014

We propose a novel phase-based method for single-channel speech enhancement to extract and enhance the desired signals in noisy environments by utilizing the phase information. In the method, a phase-dependent a priori signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is estimated in the log-mel spectral domain to utilize both the magnitude and phase information of input speech signals. The phase-dependent estimator is incorporated into the conventional magnitude-based decision-directed approach that recursively computes the a priori SNR from noisy speech. Additionally, we reduce the performance degradation owing to the one-frame delay of the estimated phase-dependent a priori SNR by using a minimum mean square error (MMSE)-based and maximum a posteriori (MAP)-based estimator. In our speech enhancement experiments, the proposed phase-dependent a priori SNR estimator is shown to improve the output SNR by 2.6 dB for both the MMSE-based and MAP-based estimator cases as compared to a conventional magnitude-based estimator.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.1176-1181
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• 2004

The cytotoxic activities of Cinnamomum cassia (Blume) bark-derived materials toward six human HeLa epithelioid cervix, A549 lung, SK-OV-3 ovarian, SK-MEL-2 melanoma, XF-498 central nerve system, and HCT-15 colon tumor cell lines were evaluated by using sulforhodamine B assay and compared to those of the anticancer agents, cisplatin and mitomycin C. The biologically active constituent of the Cinnamomum bark was characterized as trans­cinnamaldehyde by spectroscopic analysis. The cytotoxic activity of cinnamaldehyde against HeLa, SK-MEL-2, and HCT -15 cell lines was comparable to that of cisplatin and mitomycin C. The compound showed lower activity against A549, SK-OV-3, and XF-498 cell lines than the anticancer agents. Eugenol exhibited moderate activity against SK-OV­3, XF-498, and HCT-15 tumor cells, and trans-cinnamic acid, cinnamyl alcohol, $\alpha-pinene,\;and\;\beta-pinene$ showed little or no activity against model tumor cells. Cinnamaldehyde was not mutagenic against four strains (TA 98, TA 100, TA 1535, and TA 1537) of Salmonella typhimurium (Castel and Chalm). These results indicate at least one pharmacological action of C. cassia.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.1270-1276
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• 2002

Compounds 1 - 12 were tested for their growth inhibitory effects against tumor cell lines using two different 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) and sulforhodamine B protein (SRB) assays and antimicrobial activity. The cytotoxic activity of methyl-4-[{(2E)-3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadienyl}oxy]-3-methoxy benzoate (1) exhibit more active than that of 5-fluorouracil (11) on human oral epithelioid carcinoma (KB, ATCC No. OCL 17) cell lines. But this compound (1) on human skin melanoma (SK-MEL-3, HBT 69) cell lines shows less active than that of adriamycin (12). However, compound 9 showed the antimicrobial activity against S. epidermidis (MIC, 15.625 ㎍/㎖), S. aureus, C. albicans (MIC, 31.25 ㎍/㎖), S. mutans, S. typhimurium, P. putida (MIC. 125 ㎍/㎖) and P. aeruginosa (MIC, 500 ㎍/㎖).

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.301-306
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• 2002

To increase the water solubility, sixteen lupane derivatives bearing aminoacetyl moiety at C3 were synthesized. Their cytotoxic activities against three cancer cell lines, SK-MEL-2, A549, and B16, were tested. Among them, six derivatives showed significant cytotoxic activity.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.155-167
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• 2000

To evaluate the antitumor activity and antimetastatic effects of Gobongeerlhobang(GG1B), studies were done experimentally. The results were obtained as follows: 1. GG1B extracts exhibited a significant cytotoxicity against HT1080, A549, SK-MEL-2 and SK-OV-3 cell lines. 2. The T/C% was 120.7% in GG1B treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice. 3. GG1B extracts exhibited inefficient adhesive effect of A549, B16-BL6 cell to complex extracellular matrix. 4. GG1B extracts showed a significant inhibition of lung metastasis of B16-BL6 cells in C57BL/6. 5. In CAM assays, angiogenesis was insignificantly inhibited in GG1B treated group than control group. These results suggested that GG1B extracts might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of cancer.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.169-182
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• 2000

To evaluate the antitumor activity and antimetastatic effects of Bujeongyangeumtang(BJYET), studies were done experimentally. The results were obtained as follows: 1. BJYET extracts exhibited a significant cytotoxicity against A549, SK-MEL-2, SK-OV-3 and B16-BL6 cell lines. 2. The T/C% was 118.2% in BJYET treated group in S-180 bearing ICR mice. 3. BJYET extracts exhibited inefficient adhesive effect of A549, B16-BL6 cell to complex extracellular matrix. 4. BJYET extracts showed a significant inhibition of lung metastasis of B16-BL6 cells in C57BL/6. 5. In vitro neovascularization assays, angiogenesis was significantly inhibited in BJYET treated group than control group. These results suggested that BJYET extracts might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of cancer.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.518-521
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• 2001

Six bioactive alkaloids, aristolactam B(1), poperolactam A(2), aristolactam A(3), norcepharadione B(4), cepharadione B(5) and splendidine(6) were isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionalton of a methanolic extract of the aerial part of Houttuynia cordata. Several of them exhibited significant cytotoxicity against five human tumor cell lines (A-549,SK-OV-3,SK-MEL-2, XF-498 and HCT-15) in vitro.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.28 no.11
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• pp.1369-1378
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• 2018

Prunus mume Siebold & Zucc., a member of the Rosaceae family (called Maesil in Korea), has been widely distributed in East Asia, e.g. Korea, Japan and China, and its fruit has been used as a traditional drug and health food. In this study, we evaluated physicochemical properties and physiological activities of condensed Prunus mume juice treated with pectinase (PJ). The values of total acidity, pH, sugar contents, turbidity moisture content of the PJ were 35.81%, 2.73, $54.36^{\circ}Brix$, 2.75 and 51.32%, respectively. The PJ had effective DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing power effect, $H_2O_2$ scavenging activity and ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching effect. DPPH radical scavenging activities of PJ was 46.31%; their reducing power ($OD_{700}$) was 1.80; $H_2O_2$ scavenging activity of PJ was 91.62%; and ${\beta}$-carotene bleaching effect of PJ was 73.02%. Also, PJ showed effective levels of ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity. The cell viability was measured by SRB assay. The PJ significantly decreased the cell viability of mouse melanoma cells (B16) and human melanoma cells (SK-MEL-2 and SK-MEL-28) in a dose-dependent manner, however, there was no effect on human keratinocyte HaCaT. In morphological study, PJ-treated SK-MEL-2 cells showed distorted and shrunken cell masses. Total polyphenol contents and total flavonoid contents of PJ were 588.31 mg% (gallic acid equivalent) and 860.45 mg% (rutin equivalent). The antiproliferative effect of PJ seems to be associated with the antioxidant activity of its flavonoid and polyphenol contents. In conclusion, PJ may be beneficial in development of a functional food material.