• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5875-5878
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• 2012

Background: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ($PPAR{\gamma}$) is a ligand dependent transcription factor involved in various processes, including carcinogenesis. We aimed to investigate any possible association of the $PPAR{\gamma}$ Pro12Ala (rs1801282) polymorphism with risk of developing gastric cancer (GC). Patients and Methods: A hospital based case control study was designed covering 50 patients with GC and 120 healthy controls. The frequencies of $PPAR{\gamma}$ Pro12Ala (rs1801282) were determined using a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay. Results: The Ala12 allele of the $PPAR{\gamma}$ Pro12Ala G gene was associated with a 1.95 fold increased risk of GC development (p: 0.022; 95% CI: 1.58-2.40). Subgroup analyses showed that the same allele was also associated with metastasis (p: 0.000; OR:4.09; 95%CI:2.273-7.368) and differentiation (p: 0.004; OR:1.95; 95%CI:1.335-2.875) in patients with GC. Conclusion: This study suggests that the $PPAR{\gamma}$ Pro12Ala G (Ala12) allele might be associated with development, differentiation and metastatic process of GC in the Turkish population. Further studies conducted in larger study groups and in different ethnic populations will be needed to clarify the exact role of the $PPAR{\gamma}$ Pro12Ala polymorphism in GC.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제44권2호
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• pp.73-78
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• 2017

Objective: Sperm morphology plays an important role in infertility, especially in cases of defects in the heads of spermatozoa. Tapered-head or elongated-head spermatozoa are examples of morphological abnormalities. The aim of this study was to compare the semen parameters, levels of protamine deficiency, and frequency of apoptosis between patients with normozoospermia and those with teratozoospermia with tapered-head spermatozoa. Methods: Fifty-two semen samples (27 patients with tapered-head sperm and 25 fertile men) were collected and semen analysis was performed according to the World Health Organization criteria for each sample. Protamine deficiency and the percentage of apoptotic spermatozoa were evaluated using chromomycin A3 (CMA3) staining and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assays, respectively. Results: Sperm concentration, motility, and normal morphology in the tapered-head spermatozoa (cases) were significantly lower than in the normozoospermic samples (controls). CMA3-reactive spermatozoa (CMA3+) in the case group were more common than in the controls. Apoptotic spermatozoa (TUNEL-positive) were significantly more common in the cases than in the controls. Conclusion: This analysis showed that tapered-head spermatozoa contained abnormal chromatin packaging and exhibited a high rate of apoptosis, which can be considered to be an important reason for the impaired fertility potential in teratozoospermic patients with tapered-head spermatozoa.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.152-158
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• 2009

Although the genetic basis for bone mineral density (BMD) has been studied by many groups so far, genes responsible for this complex trait has not been completely revealed. In order to localize quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for BMD variation in Asian population, the study was designed using a group of Mongolian population, a genetically closed population with a homogeneous lifestyle. BMD was measured at the left and right wrists and ankles using DEXA in 1,082 participants from 142 families. Genotyping of 13 polymorphic microsatellite markers on chromosome 13 (average spacing 8-9 cM) and two-point and multipoint linkage analysis were performed. In two-point linkage analysis, we identified two markers, D13S175 (6.03 cM) and D13S265 (68.73 cM) that had LOD scores greater than 1 for left ankle (LOD=2.09, LOD=1.49, respectively). We also found a marker D13S175 (6.03 cM) with a high LOD for left wrist (LOD=1.49) and the markers D13S265 (68.73 cM) and D13S217 (17.21 cM) for the right wrist (LOD= 1.82, LOD= 1.62, respectively). Among these significant marker regions, only two regions at 17 cM (13p11) and 65 cM (13q21) for the right wrist overlapped with major QTLs reported in following multipoint linkage analysis (LOD= 1.7549, LOD=1.4462, respectively). This study provides the possible evidence of the presence of QTLs affecting right wrist BMD in Mongolian populations on 13p11 and 13q21. Modest evidence was also found for genes affecting left ankle and left wrist BMD on 13p13.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 2012

High-throughput genomic technologies (HGTs), including next-generation DNA sequencing (NGS), microarray, and serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE), have become effective experimental tools for cancer genomics to identify cancer-associated somatic genomic alterations and genes. The main hurdle in cancer genomics is to identify the real causative mutations or genes out of many candidates from an HGT-based cancer genomic analysis. One useful approach is to refer to known cancer genes and associated information. The list of known cancer genes can be used to determine candidates of cancer driver mutations, while cancer gene-related information, including gene expression, protein-protein interaction, and pathways, can be useful for scoring novel candidates. Some cancer gene or mutation databases exist for this purpose, but few specialized tools exist for an automated analysis of a long gene list from an HGT-based cancer genomic analysis. This report presents a new web-accessible bioinformatic tool, called CaGe, a cancer genome annotation system for the assessment of candidates of cancer genes from HGT-based cancer genomics. The tool provides users with information on cancer-related genes, mutations, pathways, and associated annotations through annotation and browsing functions. With this tool, researchers can classify their candidate genes from cancer genome studies into either previously reported or novel categories of cancer genes and gain insight into underlying carcinogenic mechanisms through a pathway analysis. We show the usefulness of CaGe by assessing its performance in annotating somatic mutations from a published small cell lung cancer study.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 2020

Background: The international organization for standardization (ISO) 80601-2-61 dictates that the accuracy of a pulse oximeter should be assessed by a controlled desaturation study. We aimed to characterize the relationship between the fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO₂) and peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO₂) using a turnover model by retrospectively analyzing the data obtained from previous controlled desaturation studies. Materials and Methods: Each volunteer was placed in a semi-Fowler's position and connected to a breathing circuit to administer the hypoxic gas mixture containing medical air, oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide. Volunteers were exposed to various levels of induced hypoxia over 70-100% arterial oxygen saturation (SaO₂). The study period consisted of two rounds of hypoxia and the volunteers were maintained in room air between each round. FiO₂ and SpO₂ were recorded continuously during the study period. A population pharmacodynamic analysis was performed with the NONMEM VII level 4 (ICON Development Solutions, Ellicott City, MD, USA). Results: In total, 2899 SpO₂ data points obtained from 20 volunteers were used to determine the pharmacodynamic characteristics. The pharmacodynamic parameters were as follows: k_out = 0.942 1/min, Imax = 0.802, IC₅₀ = 85.3%, γ = 27.3. Conclusion: The changes in SpO₂ due to decreases in FiO₂ well explained by the turnover model with inhibitory function as a sigmoidal model.

• BMB Reports
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• 제51권9호
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• pp.462-467
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• 2018

A previous study of ours indicated that Drosophila flightless-1 controls lipid metabolism, and that there is an accumulation of triglycerides in flightless-1 (fliI)-mutant flies, where this mutation triggers metabolic stress and an obesity phenotype. Here, with the aim of characterizing the function of FliI in metabolism, we analyzed the levels of gene expression and metabolites in fliI-mutant flies. The levels of enzymes related to glycolysis, lipogenesis, and the pentose phosphate pathway increased in fliI mutants; this result is consistent with the levels of metabolites corresponding to a metabolic pathway. Moreover, high-throughput RNA sequencing revealed that Drosophila FliI regulates the expression of genes related to biological processes such as chromosome organization, carbohydrate metabolism, and immune reactions. These results showed that Drosophila FliI regulates the expression of metabolic genes, and that dysregulation of the transcription controlled by FliI gives rise to metabolic stress and problems in the development and physiology of Drosophila.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.10-18
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• 1999

연구배경 및 목적 : 시각 인지 과정은 영장류 실험을 통하여 다소 정보를 얻을 수 있었으나 인간에서는 아직 완전하게 이해되지 않고 있다. 이 연구의 목적은 뇌자극과 시가유발전위 검사를 토대로 인간의 시각피질의 기능적 분화와 시간 순으로 활성화되는 양상을 보고자 한 것이다. 연구방법 : 간질 수술을 위하여 후두엽과 인접 부위에 광범위하게 피질하전극을 넣은 22명의 환자를 대상으로 전기적 뇌자극과 시각유발전위 검사를 시행하였다. 뇌자극시 나타나는 반응은 형태, 색, 및 움직임의 세 가지로 크게 나누고 형태는 다시 단순, 중간 및 복잡한 형태로 세분하였다. 시각유발전위는 P1 혹은 IV파의 latency를 측정하였다. 결과 : 단순 혹은 중간 형태는 흔히 occipital pole과 striate cortex에서 발생하였다. 색반응은 후두엽의 기저부 즉, fusiform, lingual, inferior occipital gyri를 자극할 때 관찰되었다. 움직임 반응은 내측기저부 및 외측의 측후두엽 혹은 측두정후두부의 경계부에서 주로 나타났다. 결론 : 이러한 결과는 인간의 시각피질이 시각의 여러 가지 구성성분 즉, 형태, 색, 및 움직임에 대해서 각각 별도로 분화되어 있다는 것을 보여준다. 도한 시각자극이 전해지면 striate cortex와 occipital pole이 가장 먼저 활성화되고 이어서 내측 및 외측 후두엽 부위가 활성화된다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이러한 사실을 종합하여 보면 인간의 시각피질은 시각의 여러 구성성분별로 별도로 발달된 해부학적 경로를 통하여 각각의 기능에 대하여 특수하게 분화된 뇌세포에서 시각정보를 각각 분석하되 일정한 시간순서에 의한다는 것을 시사하는 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2011

Objective : There are few studies comparing small and large craniotomies for the initial treatment of chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) which had non-liquefied hematoma, multilayer intrahematomal loculations, or organization/calcification on computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. These procedures were compared to determine which would produce superior postoperative results. Methods : Between 2001 and 2009, 317 consecutive patients were surgically treated for CSDH at our institution. Of these, 16 patients underwent a small craniotomy with partial membranectomy and 42 patients underwent a large craniotomy with extended membranectomy as the initial treatment. A retrospective review was performed to compare the postoperative outcomes of these two techniques, focusing on improvement of neurological status, complications, reoperation rate, and days of post-operative hospitalization. Results : The mean ages were $69.4{\pm}12.1$ and $55.6{\pm}9.3$ years in the small and large craniotomy groups, respectively. The recurrence of hematomas requiring reoperation occurred in 50% and 10% of the small and large craniotomy patients, respectively (p<0.001). There were no significant differences in postoperative neurological status, complications, or days of hospital stay between these two groups. Conclusion : Among the cases of CSDH initially requiring craniotomy, the large craniotomy with extended membranectomy technique reduced the reoperation rate, compared to that of the small craniotomy with partial membranectomy technique.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.119-123
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• 2015

Objectives: Dentin is composed of many minerals and growth factors. Based on this composition, we studied its effect as a possible regenerative material for alveolar healing. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted using four 2.5-year-old mongrel dogs (male; weight, 25 to 30 kg). The third mandibular premolars were carefully mobilized with a dental elevator and then removed using forceps. The crown portions of the extracted teeth were removed with cutters, and the root portions of the remaining teeth were collectively trimmed as closely as possible to 350 to $500{\mu}m$. Dentin and cementum (DC) chips harvested from the extracted teeth were soaked in blood and packed into the fresh sockets (autograft). Biopsies were performed at the ends of day 14 and day 56 following implantation. Data were expressed as $mean{\pm}standard$ deviation and compared with t-test results. Results: The ratio of $S_A$(bone) to total area of each probe was determined and was $170{\pm}16{\mu}m^2$ for the control group and $71{\pm}14{\mu}m^2$ for the DC group, a significant difference (P <0.05). Conclusion: DC particulate grafts offered no improvement in bone regeneration in alveolar extraction sockets.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권9호
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• pp.4109-4114
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• 2015

Background: Full-field digital mammography (FFDM) with dense breasts has a high rate of missed diagnosis, and digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) could reduce organization overlapping and provide more reliable images for BI-RADS classification. This study aims to explore application of COMBO (FFDM+DBT) for effect and significance of BI-RADS classification of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: In this study, we selected 832 patients who had been treated from May 2013 to November 2013. Classify FFDM and COMBO examination according to BI-RADS separately and compare the differences for glands in the image of the same patient in judgment, mass characteristics display and indirect signs. Employ Paired Wilcoxon rank sum test was used in 79 breast cancer patients to find differences between two examine methods. Results: The results indicated that COMBO pattern is able to observe more details in distribution of glands when estimating content. Paired Wilcoxon rank sum test showed that overall classification level of COMBO is higher significantly compared to FFDM to BI-RADS diagnosis and classification of breast (P<0.05). The area under FFDM ROC curve is 0.805, while that is 0.941 in COMBO pattern. COMBO shows relation of mass with the surrounding tissues, the calcification in the mass, and multiple foci clearly in breast cancer tissues. The optimal sensitivity of cut-off value in COMBO pattern is 82.9%, which is higher than that in FFDM (60%). They share the same specificity which is both 93.2%. Conclusions: Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) could be used for the BI-RADS classification in breast cancer in clinical.