• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.75-80
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• 1983

When an image with spot noise is smoothed by smoothing filters, the noise is almost eliminated However, the image is blurred. The algorithm that reduces such an image blurring is proposed in this paper. In the algorithm, the difference between noisy image and median filtered noisy image is smoothed. As the re-smoothing method, the absolute value of the difference is median filtered and the sign of the difference is affixed on the result. It is shown that the proposed algorithm is quite effective for noise elimination and also for image blurring decrease at the same time. In this paper, the algorithm is compared with the other smoothing methods.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.477-480
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• 2005

In this paper, we propose a preprocess method to needs for Car License Plate Recognition on poor environment. This preprocess method use multi images to get low value to compare images value. Last method was Opening operation that Using Edge pixel to add and subtraction. The Result was removed White pixel and very mini feather. But This method needs many process times and License Plate Recognition is low quality problem. Another method is median filter and conversion. This paper key idea that rain & snow is high value. So This paper propose get low value to compare image value.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.107-121
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• 2009

First reason for generation of standby power is because starting voltage must pass through from the source of electricity to IC. The second reason is due to current when IC is in operation. Purpose of this abstract is on structures of simple modules that automatically switch on or off through analysis of state on standby power and analysis of cutoff point patterns as well as application of algorithms. To achieve this, this paper is based on analysis of electric signals and modeling. Also, on/off cutoff criteria has been established for reduction of standby power. To find on/off cutoff point, that is executed algorithm of similar group and leading pattern group generation in the standby power state. Therefore, the algorithm was defined as an important parameter of the subtraction value of calculated between $1^{st}$ SCS, $2^{nd}$ SCS, and the median value of sampling coefficient per second from a wall outlet.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.62 no.9
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• pp.353-359
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• 2019

Background: Researchers have shown that eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) is a relatively accurate marker of eosinophilia and eosinophil activity. However, its use as a marker of eosinophilic inflammation in nasal secretions is limited because the diagnostic cutoff values of EPO for use as a one-time test for allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis have not been established. Purpose: To identify the correlation between nasal eosinophil count and EPO in children and adolescents with rhinitis. Methods: We recruited patients <18 years of age with rhinitis for more than 2 weeks or more than 2 episodes a year whose nasal eosinophil and EPO were measured at a single allergy clinic. The eosinophil percentage was calculated by dividing the eosinophil count by the number of total cells under light microscopy at ${\times}1,000$ magnification. EPO and protein were measured from nasal secretions. We retrospectively analyzed the correlation between nasal eosinophils and protein-corrected EPO (EPO/protein) value. Results: Of the 67 patients enrolled, 41 were male (61.2%); the mean age was $8.2{\pm}4.0years$. The median nasal eosinophil count was 1 and percentage was 1%. The median protein-corrected EPO value was $12.5ng/{\mu}g$ (range, $0-31ng/{\mu}g$). There was a statistically significant correlation between eosinophil count and percentage (P<0.001). However, the eosinophil percentage and EPO did not correlate. The eosinophil count and EPO had a statistically significant correlation (P=0.01). The EPO cutoff value examined for nasal eosinophil counts of 2, 5, 10, and 20 was $17.57ng/{\mu}g$ regardless of the reference count. The largest area under the curve value was obtained when the receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn using the eosinophil count of 2. Conclusion: Nasal eosinophil count was significantly associated with protein-corrected EPO.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.371-380
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• 2024

Backgrounds/Aims: The published data had contradictory information on the role of adjuvant therapy on resected periampullary carcinomas (PACA). The study was performed to evaluate the survival benefit of adjuvant treatment. Methods: This was a propensity score matched case-control study from a prospectively maintained database from 2004-2019. The study included patients with nonpancreatic PACA who underwent curative resection. The patients (cases) who received adjuvant chemotherapy were compared with patients (controls) who were observed alone after surgery. Results: Of 510 patients with PACA, 230 patients (cases = 107, controls = 123) formed the unmatched study cohort. After propensity score matching, 140 patients (cases = 70, controls = 70) formed the matched study cohort. The median overall survival (OS) was similar in cases than controls in the unmatched population but doubled non-significantly in cases after matching (unmatched population, 54 months vs. 54 months, p-value = 0.624; matched population, 71 months vs. 36 months, p-value = 0.087). However, the median recurrence-free survival (RFS) was non significantly higher in the control group (unmatched population, 59 months vs. 38 months, p-value = 0.195; matched population, 53 months vs. 40 months, p-value = 0.797). In cox regression analysis, age < 60 years, advanced T stage, and presence of perineural invasion were independent factors for worse RFS, while tumor recurrence was an independent factor for poor OS. Conclusions: Patients with nonpancreatic PACA may have an OS benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy, and this needs to be validated with large prospective randomized studies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1001-1006
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• 2015

Background: With development and application of new and effective anti-cancer drugs, the median survival post-progression (SPP) is often prolonged, and the role of the median SPP on surrogacy performance should be considered. To evaluate the impact of the median SPP on the correlation between progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS), we performed simulations for treatment of four types of cancer, advanced gastric cancer (AGC), metastatic colorectal cancer (MCC), glioblastoma (GBM), and advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (ANSCLC). Materials and Methods: The effects of the median SPP on the statistical properties of OS and the correlation between PFS and OS were assessed. Further, comparisons were made between the surrogacy performance based on real data from meta-analyses and simulation results with similar scenarios. Results: The probability of a significant gain in OS and HR for OS was decreased by an increase of the SPP/OS ratio or by a decrease of observed treatment benefit for PFS. Similarly, for each of the four types of cancer, the correlation between PFS and OS was reduced as the median SPP increased from 2 to 12 months. Except for ANSCLC, for which the median SPP was equal to the true value, the simulated correlation between PFS and OS was consistent with the values derived from meta-analyses for the other three kinds of cancer. Further, for these three types of cancer, when the median SPP was controlled at a designated level (i.e., < 4 months for AGC, < 12 months for MCC, and <6 months for GBM), the correlation between PFS and OS was strong; and the power of OS reached 34.9% at the minimum. Conclusions: PFS is an acceptable surrogate endpoint for OS under the condition of controlling SPPs for AGC, MCC, and GBM at their limit levels; a similar conclusion cannot be made for ANSCLC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Quality Management Conference
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.594-609
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• 1998

In this dissertation, a new process capability index $C_{psk}$ is introduced for non-normal process. The Pearson curve and the Johnson curve are selected for capability index calculation and data modeling the normal-based index $C_{psk}$ is used as the model for non-normal process. A significant result of this research find that the ranking of the seven indices, $C_p,\;C_{pk},\;C_{pm},\;C^{\ast}_{pm},\;C_{pmk},\;C_s,\;C_{psk}$ in terms of sensitivity to departure of the process median from the target value T=M from the most sensitive one up to the least sensitive are $C_{psk},\;C_{s},\;C_{pmk},\;C^{\ast}_{pm},\;C_{pm},\;C_{pk},\;C_p$. i.e, By the criteria adopted for evaluation of PCI's $C_{psk}$ is the most sensitive to the departure of the process median from target and $C_p$ is least

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.633-640
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• 2020

Defect region segmentation of TFT-LCD images is performed by combining defect pixels detected by a defect detection method into defect region, or by using morphological operations to segment defect region. Therefore, the result of segmentation of the defect region is highly dependent on the defect detection result. In this paper, we propose a method which segments defect regions sequentially according to the possibility of being included in defect regions in TFT-LCD images. The proposed method repeats the process of detecting a seed using the median value and the median absolute deviation of the image, and segments the defect region using the seeded region growing method. We confirmed the superiority of the proposed method to segment defect regions using pseudo-images and real TFT-LCD images.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2007

This paper presents a camera calibration method using several images for three dimensional measurement applications such as stereo systems, mobile robots, and visual inspection systems in factories. Conventional calibration methods that use single image suffer from errors related to reference point extraction in image, lens distortion, and numerical analysis of nonlinear optimization. The camera parameter values obtained from images of same camera is not same even though we use same calibration method. The camera parameters that are obtained from several images of different view for a calibration target is usaully not same with large error values and we can not assume a special probabilistic distribution when we estimate the parameter values. In this paper, the median value of camera parameters from several images is used to improve estimation of the camera values in an iterative step with nonlinear optimization. The proposed method is proved by experiments using real images.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.188-190
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• 2012

Compressed Sensing (CS) has been developed for several years. Among many CS algorithms for image, the Block-based Compressed Sensing with Smoothed Projected Landweber (BCS-SPL) demonstrates its excellent performance in low-complexity and near-optimal reconstruction. Several noise filtering algorithms of image reconstruction have been introduced such as the Wiener or the median filters, etc. In general, each filter has its own advantages and disadvantages depending on specific coding scheme. In this paper, we show that reconstruction performance can be varied according to the choice of filter. When a sub-rate value is changed, different filter causes different effect as well. Concerning the sub-rate, an inner filter can be chosen to improve the reconstructed image quality.