• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.32
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• pp.169-207
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• 2006

This study conducted both a content analysis and Q-methods analysis in order to find media coverage and recognition type of users about ubiquitous environment in digital online age. The perception type of this study were divided into four types in all through Q-methodology. Above all, this study investigated three research problems. First, how is the type of the perception divided into the subjectivity by recognition-characteristic on ubiquitous environment in Korea? Second, what is a trait of character in these same or different types? Third, how did news media cover ubiquitous phenomena overall? Fourth, is there any difference between media coverage and audiences' perception about ubiquitous phenomena? The results show that audiences seem to generally follow the frames that mass media provide. In addition, however, the audiences tend to recognize ubiquitous environment based upon their own schema as following four types: 1. Positive Universality Leading Type, 2. Uncertain Prudence Preference Type, 3. Future Cultural Enjoyment Type, 4. Negative Effect View Type. This study suggests that every efforts such as technology and policies that can improve the quality of ubiquitous environment in Korea should be accompanied.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.107-124
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• 2017

Consumer citizenship is essential for better market and economy, and social capital plays an important role for raising consumer citizenship. This study explored the types of social capital developed on social media, and investigated the relationship between consumer citizenship of college students and social capital. Using data from 263 undergraduate students currently using social media, K-mean cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA, Duncan's multiple range test, chi-squared test, and multiple regression analysis were conducted. The major results were as follows. First, four types of social capital on social media were identified: mediocre social capital, instrumental-centered social capital, weak social capital, and strong social capital. Second, socio-demographic characteristics variables such as gender and work experience showed significant difference by type of social capital through social media. In addition, the most used social media and time for using social media variables showed significant difference by type of social capital through social media. Third, controlling for socio-demographic characteristics and social media usage pattern, the types of social capital had a significant effect on consumer citizenship. Based on the results, the implications for consumer education to develop consumer citizenship were suggested.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.11 no.8
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• pp.29-36
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• 2022

Smart advertising in digital media has become an active research field in the past few decades. The purpose of the study is to investigates the interaction effects between the message expression type and brand familiarity on the effectiveness of raffle advertising. An online 2×2 between subjects experiment was constructed. The results showed the interaction effects between the message expression type and brand familiarity on advertising attitude, brand attitude, and purchase intention.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.121-128
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• 2002

It makes an appearance that multi-media of Avatar, Cyber-Character, Cyber-Pet, Emoticon caused by Web-Environment advancement. Internet-User was fascinated by anonymous name of Web in the past but a desire goes on increasing to express oneself using the multi-media characters. Therefore, this study investigates that the feature of avatar character different from the general characters as making a survey of preference of avatar characters type in the various multi-media characters and presenting an efficient method at the making avatar characters. Consequently, the most efficient avatar characters type have to be concerned about functional factors rather than feature, feeling. exactly, it must be make conspicuous to personality of user and must make suitableness type of personality.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.21 no.7
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• pp.73-82
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• 2023

Purpose: Social networking services have been recognized as an attractive distribution channel at a time when efforts to deliver effective messages to consumers are essential amid a flood of advertisements in the multi-media era. In that sense, this study investigated the effect of the scarcity message type (limited-time vs. limited-quantity) and sender type (corporate vs. consumer) on the intention to purchase golf equipment by Instagram distribution channel. Research design, data and methodology: Data from 108 college students in their 20s and 30s with experience using Instagram were collected online through convenience sampling. A frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, reliability analysis, independent sample t-test, and two-way analysis of variance were performed using SPSS 23.0. Results: The results showed that limited-quantity messages induce a higher purchase intention than limited-time messages. Similarly, consumer-sent advertisements induce a higher purchase intention than corporate-sent advertisements. Further, there is no statistically significant interaction effect of the scarcity message type and sender type on the intention to purchase golf equipment. Conclusions: This study is meaningful in verifying consumers' purchase intention depending on the type of scarcity message and the type of sender in Instagram advertisements. The results yield significant implications for marketers and several directions for future research.

• The Journal of Information Systems
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.1-23
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• 2017

Purpose Facebook is a social network service that has the highest number of Monthly Active Users around the world. Hence, marketers have selected Facebook as the most important platform to get customer engagement. With respect to the customer engagement enhancement, the most popular and engaging post type in the Facebook brand fan pages related to what was usually classified as 'sweepstakes'. Sweepstakes refer to a form of gambling where the entire prize may be awarded to the winner. Which makes customers more engaged with the brand. This study aims to explore sweepstakes-oriented social media marketing approaches based on the application of big data analytics. Design/methodology/approach we collect sweepstakes data from each company based on the data crawling from the Facebook brand fan pages. The output of this study explains how companies in each category of FCB grid can design and apply sweepstakes for their social media marketing. Findings The results show that they have one thing in common across the four quadrants of FCB grid. Regardless of the quadrants, most frequently observed type is 'Simple/Quiz or Comments/Quatrains [event type of sweepstakes] + Gifticon [type of reward prize] + Image [type of message display] + No URL [Link toother website] +Single-Gift-Offer [type of reward prize payment]'. So, if the position of the brand is hard to be defined by the FCB grid model, then this general rule can be applied to all types of brands. Also some differences between the quadrants of the FCB grid were observed. This study offers several research implications by analyzing Sweepstakes-oriented social media marketing approaches in Facebook brand fan pages. By using the FCB grid model, this study provides guidance on how companies can design their sweepstakes-oriented social media marketing approaches in the context of Facebook brand fan pages by considering their context.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.89-103
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• 2017

This paper analyzed the influence of government-owned social media's environmental characteristics on the level of users' active participation and types of message diffusion during government's crisis. The social media environment was categorized based on human interactivity and media interactivity. Users' active participation was measured based on amount of like/dislike and number of comments. User's comments were categorized through network analysis. This study found that the level of user's active participation was high on the information-provider participation type and the relationship-oriented participation type. The level of user's active participation was low on the information-provider type and the limited platform. The analysis of message diffusion type showed that a restrictive rational opinion type was found for the limited platform and diffusive or restrictive emotional opinion types were found for other types of social media environment. This study found that during MERS crisis, the government did not provide messages suitable for the social media environment, and the media environment influenced users' participation and comments. The government should provide user friendly social media environment by increasing interaction with users and should make efforts to communicate with users in crisis situation.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.23-42
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to explore a typology of leisure participation, investigate determinants of leisure participation types, and analyze differences in life satisfaction by the types of leisure participation of the elderly. The data source for this research was the 2014 Time Use Survey conducted by the Korea National Statistical office (KNSO). The statistical methods for the analysis were mean, standard deviation, ANOVA, Duncan test, cluster analysis, and logistic regression analysis. Leisure participation were classified into five types based on five categories; social activities, religious activities, media, sports, time-spending activity. The five types were named "general", "insufficient", "religious oriented", "media oriented", and sports oriented" type. Gender, health condition were identified as important determinants for the types. Life satisfaction was different according to leisure participation type of the elderly. Religious oriented type showed the highest score of life satisfaction and media oriented type showed the lowest.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.13-24
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• 2014

This study compared and analyzed middle and high school's homebase and media space which are installed along with the introduction of subject classroom system operation method, with regard to the position of arrangement, the type of arrangement, and the change of area, etc. which were changed and applied per the phase of project. For this, design competitions were implemented since 2006 targeting the cases which participated in design directly-indirectly in the researcher's architectural firm, present construction documents among the selected BTL(Build-Transfer-Lease) were completed, and the examples of 10 schools(design competitions 2 schools, BTL selected plans 8 schools) were analyzed, which were operating variation type.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.16 no.4 s.44
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• pp.431-441
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• 1992

This research was designed to evaluate the effect of need and of demographic variables of adult women on the conformity and individuality in the selection of clothes. 1. There are factors which have effect on variables of need. Marriage status, household type, age have effect on safety need, household type and age have effect on belongingness and love need. Household type and native community have effect on self-esteem need, household type, native community, school career, frequency of contact with mass media have effect on need for self-actualizing. Native community have effect on aesthetic need, and school careers have effect on the desires to know and to understand. 2. Self-esteem need, belongingness and love need, safety need, need for self-actualizing, aesthetic need, frequency of contact with mass media and income as demographic variables are directly related with conformity of clothing. Age, marriage status, native community, household type, school career are indirectly related with conformity of clothing. 3. Self-esteem need, need for self-actualizing, aestheitic need, desires to know and to understand, belongingness and love need, frequency of contact with mass media, household type have direct effect on the individuality of clothing. And age, household type, native community, school career have indirect effect on the individuality of clothing.