• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.1606-1611
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• 2008

Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) expressed in the Gram negative bacteria such as Salmonella play multiple functions including material transports, adhesive factors and reception of external signals. This study has been focused on an OmpW protein known as a protein required to form a hydrophobic porin in outer membrane. We have constructed a S. typhimurium CK10 mutant deleting an ompW gene on chromosome. The CK10 strain was more tolerant to SDS than the wild-type strain did. As increase of salt concentration in the culture media, significantly decreased amount of OmpW protein in cells were detected. The maximum OmpW protein was expressed in the absence of salt supplement. However, the growth of CK10 strain was indistinguishable compared to that of the wild-type strain at the variable osmotic conditions. The biological role of differential OmpW expression in response to osmotic conditions remains to be investigated.

• Journal of the HCI Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.81-88
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• 2006

With the introduction of the digital technology in the exhibition environment, the information of the exhibit has come to be transmitted through diverse media. The visitors desire has been increased from the simple viewing of the exhibition to the active participation in the exhibition viewing and the utilization of the exhibit information. Subsequently, the study on the service to effectively support the viewing experience and provide the information by utilizing the internet and mobile device for visitors in movement has become important in terms of the exhibition environment. Accordingly, in this study, the current condition in studying the service supporting the exhibition environment and the exhibition viewing, which are being changed into a digital network environment, was examined through the literature and case studies. In order to find out the viewing situation and viewing type of visitors, the visitors behaviors of viewing the exhibition were observed. By analyzing the contents observed, the viewing type and keyword were drawn in accordance with the visitors behaviors of viewing. On the basis of this, visitors needs and problems occurring in case of the exhibition viewing were found out via in-depth interview. The service factors of supporting the exhibition viewing were proposed on the basis of the factors by which visitors needs and problems could be solved via interface in the circumstance when visitors would move round the exhibition hall and view the exhibition. In terms of the service factors, the method to resolve was presented on the basis of the relationship between the exhibit and the space in case of selecting and viewing the exhibit. This was applied into the mobile PDA with the example of the exhibition environment in the national museum. Through the scenario of using, the usefulness of the service proposed and the relevant possibility of utilization were reviewed.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.198-202
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• 2018

'Yong-A' was bred by Jeollanamdo Agricultural Research and Extension Services in 2015. It was primarily selected through monospore crossing between JNM21008 and JNM21013 in 2009. The strain is named as JNM-Mi-194 and 'Yong-A', showing major characteristics with good production yield. The cultivation characteristics, yield potential, and fruiting body characteristics of 'Yong-A' are as follows; The wrinkle of the fruiting body was of branching type its shape was wave type. MCM, YM, Malt, and PDA media were suitable for growth of this cultivar. The number of effective stipes was 13 ea/0.9 kg. The minor axis of pileus was 5 cm and the major axis was 9 cm. The yield was 291 g per plastic bag (0.9 kg). Yong-A required 60 days for mycelial running at $20^{\circ}C$. The growth and primordial period required 24 days, which was shorter than that of JNM-Mi-21002 (the conventional cultivar). Somatic incompatibility was observed between parental lines and Yong-A. Analysis of genetic diversity in the new variety 'Yong-A' showed a different profile compared to that of the parent strain when Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA primers were used.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.45-54
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• 2012

This study intended to analyze growth condition of each object by protected tree's ground for 45 places registered to Pyeongtaek protected tree list in locational characteristics, conduct exchange analysis for impediment extent rate in crown area and tree type to the result and suggest the measures to manage artificial impediment which is an effect on protected tree condition. In this study, the tree whose area of impediment for crown area is less than 21% is tree condition of grade 1~2, less than 21~50% is grade 2~3 and more than 50% is grade 3~5. The more impediment is, the more inconvenience causes on growth and development. So, it verified that the area rate must maintain less than 21% for the root system management of protected tree. For the standard of managing artificial impediment which is an effect on the tree condition of protected trees, the below matters intend to be suggested. The first, the impediment in crown area should be less than 21%. But, if there is not artificial impediment out of crown area, the rate of impediment area is considered to increase somewhat. The second, growth space of protected tree should be maintained by crown area at least and impediment should be established out of the crown area. The third, during the national project and land development, surroundings of protected tree must be applied as park, resting place, etc. and the establishment area of impediment (artificial impediment and natural impediment) in crown area must be limited. The forth, publicity for regional people (especially, land owner) is necessary for the protection of natural inheritance and the value of dependence on local government and village which are the subject of management must be announced widely through the internet media, etc, so its importance must be recognized. The fifth, the matters related to protected tree management must be able to limit artificial damage which is for surroundings of protected tree through the mutual connection among the local governments; construction, civil engineering, architecture, water and sewage, agriculture and forest and others. Also, following studies on the effects of kinds, thickness, etc. of impediment around the protected tree on trees should be continued.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.30-34
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• 2003

As classical acute aortic dissection, atherosclerotic penetrating ulcers and intramural hematoma have different pathophysiology and natural history, treatment strategy should be different and, therefore, accurate differential diagnosis is necessary. However, these three aortic diseases may be indistinguishable by clinical observation and even by various diagnostic modalities such as cardiac echocardiography, CT and MRI. The patients was a 71-year-old female with chief complaints of anterior chest pain, nausea and vomiting which occurred suddenly 3 days before admission. CT angiographic with 3 dimensional reconstruction shows intramural hematoma in ascending aorta, aortic arch, descending thoracic aorta and right brachiocephalic trunk, heompericardium, and blood in mediastinum and both pleural cavities. The CT angiographic finding of focal out-bulging in the ascending thoracic aorta was diagnosed as penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer. The patient underwent emergency operation under a preoperative diagnosis of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer with a sign of aortic rupture. In the intraoperative findings, however, intimal tear was seen in the anterior portion of the ascending aorta about 1cm below the brachiocephalic trunk and falselumen appeared after hematoma was removed from the layer of tunica media. We report a case of type A aortic dissection which mimicked clinical and diagnostic features of penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.1 s.76
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• pp.67-80
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• 1996

Eleven fruit bodies of Ganoderma sp. were collected from eight locations throughout the forest of Kangwon province and Kyunggi province in Korea. The hosts in forest were cut trunks of Quercus dentata, Q. variabilis, Prunus peria and Alnus japonica that was newly surveyed but 5 isolates were collected at the farms of Ganoderma mushroom. Most fruit bodies were formed solitarily on the cut trunks but GS-106 isolate grown in crowds on cut trunk of Alnus japonica. Optimal temperature ranges for isolates of species studied were: G. applanatum $28^{\circ}C{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, G. lucidum $28{\sim}30^{\circ}C$, G. neo-japonicum $28^{\circ}C$, and G. tsuage $26^{\circ}C$ and all the species grew slowly at the $32^{\circ}C$. Hamada medium adjusted with pH 5.4 and 6.2 is better than other media for mycelial growth. Mycelial morphological characteristics of six species were studied: G. applanatum, G. lucidum and G. neo-japonicum produced typical type of staghoru hyphae but G. oregonens and G. valeosiacum produced staghoru hyphae with a branch of grape form. Clamp connection was observed on hypha of G. applanatum, G. lucidum, G. oregonense and G. valeosiacum except G. neo-japonicum with node type. Chlamydospore was produced by G. applanatum, G. neo-japonicum. and cuticular cells were present on hyphae of G. lucidum, G. neo-japonicum, G.oregonense and G. tsugae.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.447-466
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• 2019

The orchard flora where perennial fruit trees are grown may be different than in arable fields where annual crops are grown. The study focused on the floristic composition and characteristics of orchards in South Korea. The flora surveys were conducted in 36 areas in nine provinces at two times (May-June and August-September) in 2014. The results showed that the vascular orchard plants in South Korea included 466 taxa, which contained 91 families, 278 genera, 420 species, two subspecies, 39 varieties, four forms, and one hybrid. Among the 91 families, Compositae was the most diverse in species (66 taxa), followed by Gramineae (51 taxa), Leguminosae (28 taxa), Cyperaceae (18 taxa), Polygonaceae (17 taxa), Cruciferae (16 taxa), and Labiatae (14 taxa). Based on the occurrence frequency of each species, Digitaria ciliaris (Retz.) Koel. (100%) was the highest, followed by Acalypha australis L. (94.4%), Commelina communis L. (94.4%), Persicaria longiseta(Bruijn) Kitag.(91.7), Capsella bursa-pastoris(L.) L. W. Medicus(91.7%), Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. (91.7%), Mazus pumilus (Burm. f.) Steenis (86.1%), Artemisia princeps Pamp. (86.1%), Cyperus microiria Steud. (86.1%), Stellaria aquatica (L.) Scop. (83.3%), Stellaria media(L.) Vill.(83.3%), and Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv.(83.3%). The biological type of orchards in South Korea was determined to be Th-₅-D₄-e type. Rare plants were found six taxa: Cinnamomum camphora (L.) J. Presl, Aristolochia contorta Bunge, Melothria japonica (Thunb.) Maxim., Ardisia crenata Sims, Gnaphalium hypoleucum DC., and Aster koraiensis Nakai. Eighty-five taxa contained naturalized plants composed of 23 families, 58 genera, 80 species, four varieties, and one form. The urbanization and naturalization indices were 26.3% and 18.2%, respectively.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2017

This paper proposes adaptive reference structure decision method to improve the performance of HEVC (High Efficiency Video Coding) encoder. When an event occurs in the input sequence, such as scene change, scene rotation, fade in/out, or light on/off, the proposed algorithm changes the reference structure to improve the inter prediction performance. The proposed algorithm divides GOP (Group Of Pictures) into two sub-groups based on the picture that has such event and decides the reference pictures in the divided sub-groups. Also, this paper proposes fast encoding method which changes the picture type of first encoded picture in the GOP that has such event to CRA (Clean Random Access). With the statistical feature that intra prediction is selected by high probability for the first encoded picture in the GOP carrying such event, the proposed fast encoding method does not operate inter prediction. The experimental result shows that the proposed adaptive reference structure decision method improves the BD-rate 0.3% and reduces encoding time 4.9% on average under the CTC (Common Test Condition) for standardization. In addition, the proposed reference structure decision method with the picture type change reduces the average encoding time 12.2% with 0.11% BD-rate loss.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.97-102
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• 2003

Raw and washed spinaches were tested to evaluate the incidences of Aeromonas hydrophila, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella spp., Shigella spp., Yersinia enterocolitica, Bacillus cereus, Campylobacter jejuni, Clostridium perfringens, Listeria monocytogenes, and Staphylococcus aureus. Four pathogenic bacteria were isolated from spinach samples, and identified by morphological and biochemical methods, including API and ATB identification systems. Isolates from MacConkey, Cereus Selective, Clostridium Perfringens, and Baird-Parker agar media were in 99.9, 99.8, 99.9, and 97.8% agreements with A. hydrophila, B. cereus, C. perfringens, and S. aureus at the species level, respectively. SET-RPLA revealed, among the five strains of S. aureus isolates, two produced type A enterotoxin. All five strains of B. cereus isolates produced enterotoxin as revealed with CRET-RPLA.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.65-72
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• 2009

For the breeding purpose, in this study we attempted to select a new Lentinula edodes strain by comparing mycelial growth rate, fruit-body quality and mushroom productivity per substrate weight of hybrid strains with parent strains. Nineteen hybrid strains were made by cross of di-karyotic and mono-karyotic to develop strains suitable for sawdust cultivation of L. edodes. Among the nineteen strains, ten were selected by comparing mycelial growth rate on PDA media and wood rot on sawdust-based substrates. The most mushroom harvesting was achieved by 100 days incubation from KFRI 960, KFRI 961, KFRI 962, KFRI 963, KFRI 964, KFRI 971, KFRI 973 and 125 days from KFRI 968, 970. Experiment of incubation periods with the ten strains showed that there were productivity differences between 100 and 150 days incubations. Through comparison of hybrid strains' mushroom productivity it was found that there was no difference in mushroom productivity through crossing high temperature types with high temperature types, crossing low temperature types with high temperature types and crossing unknown temperature types with high temperature types, but there was difference through crossing middle temperature types with high temperature types. Hybrid strains showed better productivity compared with parent strains. Fruiting temperature type analysis of hybrid strains confirmed that strains of high temperature types have a dominant character.