• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.83-98
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was performed to determine the inhibitory effect of Soyosangagamhwajae(SYG) on melanin synthesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cell. Methods: The Inhibitory effects of Soyosangagamhwajae(SYG) on melanin synthesis were determined by in-vitro assay. To elucidate inhibitory effects of SYG on melanin synthesis, we determined the melanin release in B16F10 cell. And to investigate the action mechanism, we assessed the gene expression of tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2. PKA, $PKC{\beta}$ in B16F10 cell. Results: 1. SYG significantly inhibited melanin-release in B16F10 cell. 2. SYG significantly inhibited mushroom tyrosinase activity in vitro. 3. SYG significantly suppressed the expression of tyrosinase in B16F10 cell. 4. SYG significantly suppressed the expression of TRP-1, TRP-2 in B16F10 cell. 5. SYG significantly suppressed the expression of PKA, $PKC{\beta}$ in B16F10 cell. Conclusion: From these results, it may be concluded that SYG has the antimelanogenetic effect.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.39-48
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• 2018

A typical statistical parametric speech synthesis (text-to-speech, TTS) system consists of separate modules, such as a text analysis module, an acoustic modeling module, and a speech synthesis module. This causes two problems: 1) expert knowledge of each module is required, and 2) errors generated in each module accumulate passing through each module. An end-to-end TTS system could avoid such problems by synthesizing voice signals directly from an input string. In this study, we implemented an end-to-end Korean TTS system using Google's Tacotron, which is an end-to-end TTS system based on a sequence-to-sequence model with attention mechanism. We used 4392 utterances spoken by a Korean female speaker, an amount that corresponds to 37% of the dataset Google used for training Tacotron. Our system obtained mean opinion score (MOS) 2.98 and degradation mean opinion score (DMOS) 3.25. We will discuss the factors which affected training of the system. Experiments demonstrate that the post-processing network needs to be designed considering output language and input characters and that according to the amount of training data, the maximum value of n for n-grams modeled by the encoder should be small enough.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.258-271
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• 2022

Ferrate (VI) [Fe(VI)] has multi-functional features, which include potential oxidant, coagulant, and disinfectant. Because of these distinctive properties, numerous studies on the synthesis of ferrate (VI) and its possible applications in a wide research areas have been investigated. This review highlights the recent development made on different synthesis methods for ferrate including wet chemical, electrochemical, and thermal methods. The recent advancements achieved in ferrate (VI) oxidation and the synergistic effect of the oxidative properties of ferrate (VI) in the presence of various compounds or materials are also included. Moreover, this review discusses the applications of ferrate (VI) for degrading various types of water pollutants and its reaction mechanism. The optimized experimental conditions and interaction mechanisms of ferrate (VI) with micro-pollutants, dyes, and other organic compounds are also elaborated upon to provide greater insight for future studies. Lastly, the limitations and prospects of the ferrate use in the treatment of polluted water are described.

• BMB Reports
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.732-737
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• 2010

RNA interference is a post-transcriptional silencing mechanism triggered by the bioavailability and/or exogenous introduction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) into cells. Here we describe a novel method for the synthesis of siRNA in a single vessel. The method employs in vitro transcription and a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) template and design, which incorporates upon self-annealing, two promoters, two templates, and three loop regions. Using this method of synthesis we generated efficacious siRNAs designed to silence both exogenous and endogenous genes in mammalian cells. Due to its unique design the single-stranded template is easily amenable to adaptation for attachment to surface platforms for synthesis of siRNAs. A siRNA synthesis platform was generated using a 3' end-biotinylated ssDNA template tethered to a streptavidin coated surface that generates stable siRNAs under multiple cycles of production. Together these data demonstrate a unique and robust method for scalable siRNA synthesis with potential application in RNAi-based array systems.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.30-36
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• 1962

The mechanism of synthesis of the toacco mosaic virus(TMV) and the potato virus X(PVX) was investigated using the methods of ultraviolet light irradiation and serological analysis. In vitro irradiation of UV on the infected tobacco juice for 10 minutes caused the infectivity of TMV and PVX to decrease markedly on their respective local lesion indicator hosts, Nicotiana glutinosa L. and Gomphrena globosa L., indicating that UV destroys directly the infectivity of the virus particles. Ten minutes after the UV was irradiated on the leaves of the two indicator hosts before inoculation, the infectivity of TMV decreased as it was irradiated in vitro, whereas that of PVX increased by 26% as compared with the unirradiated control. When the two viruses were mix-inoculated in the common host of tobacco and the synthetic products were analyzed by serological methods for a two week infection period, it was found that both viruses were multiplying more rapidly and abundantly than they were singly inoculated into the same host species. Titers from mixed series were often two times as high as those of singly inoculated series. A mechanism of competition in the synthesis between the mixed viruses in the common host is postulated.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2013.02a
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• pp.462-462
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• 2013

Gallium Oxide (Ga2O3) has been widely investigated for the optoelectronic applications due to its wide bandgap and the optical transparency. Recently, with the development of fabrication techniques in nanometer scale semiconductor materials, there have been an increasing number of extensive reports on the synthesis and characterization of Ga2O3 nano-structures such as nano-wires, nanobelts, and nano-dots. In contrast to typical vaporliquid-solid growth mode with metal catalysts to synthesis 1-dimensional nano-wires, there are several difficulties in fabricating the nanostructures by using sputtering techniques. This is attributed to the fact that relatively low growth temperatures and higher growth rate compared with chemical vapor deposition method. In this study, Ga2O3 chestnut burr were synthesized by using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering method. In contrast to typical sputtering method with sintered ceramic target, a Ga2O3 powder (99.99% purity) was used as a sputtering target. Several samples were prepared with varying the growth parameters, especially he growth time and the growth temperature to investigate the growth mechanism. Samples were characterized by using XRD, SEM, and PL measurements. In this presentation, the details of fabrication process and physical properties of Ga2O3 nano chestnut burr will be reported.

• Proceedings of the Korean Fiber Society Conference
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• 1993.06b
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• pp.761-765
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• 1993

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering Conference
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• 2014.04a
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• pp.502-503
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• 2014

• Proceedings of the Korean Powder Metallurgy Institute Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.31-31
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• 1996

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.70-70
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• 2004