• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2007

목 적: 임산부의 방사선치료시 태아에 조사되는 선량을 알아보고, 임상에 적용가능한 간단한 차폐방법을 적용하여 태아선량이 감소되는 정도를 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에 내원한 임신 24주째인 뇌전이 환자를 대상으로 전뇌 방사선치료를 시행하는 동안 태아에 조사되는 선량을 인체 팬톰(Anderson Rando Phantom, Alderson Research Laboratories Inc., USA)을 사용하여 평가하였다. 환자에 대한 치료처방은 일일선량 300 cGy, 10회, 총선량 3000 cGy, 그리고 치료조건은 에너지 6 MV, 조사야크기 $18{\times}22cm^2$이었다. 선량평가는 환자 치료조건과 동일한 상태로 조사야 하단에서 각각 30, 40, 50, 60 cm에서 전리함((TN30013, 0.6 cc Farmer type chamber, PTW Unidos, Germany)을 사용하여 측정하였고, 다음은 환자치료조건과 동일하지만 본원에서 고안한 추가 차폐방법(shielding wall, neck supporter, Pb sheets, acrylic bridge)을 이용하여 태아를 차폐한 다음 위의 측정점과 동일한 위치에서 측정하여 그 차폐효과를 비교 평가 하였다. 또한 추가 차폐한 상태에서 열형광선량계(4000, Harshaw, Solon Technologies Inc., USA)를 사용하여 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 cm 지점에서 측정하여 전리함 측정값과 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: 전리함을 이용하여 측정한 결과 환자가 총선량 3,000 cGy를 받는 동안 태아에 조사될 수 있는 선량은, 추가 차폐가 없는 경우 조사야 하단 30, 40, 50, 60 cm에서 각각 3.20, 3.21, 1.44, 0.90 cGy, 추가 차폐가 있는 경우 0.88, 0.60, 0.35, 0.25 cGy로 추가 차폐를 하였을 경우 하지 않았을 경우보다 약 $70{\sim}80%$의 차폐효과를 얻을 수 있었다. 그리고 열형광선량계 측정결과는 1.8, 1.2, 0.8, 1.2, 0.8 (70 cm) cGy로 나타났다. 이로서 태아가 전 치료 과정중 받을 수 있는 총선량은 1 cGy 이하로 측정되었다. 결 론: 임산부의 방사선치료가 필수적으로 요구될 경우 고려되어야 할 가장 중요한 인자는 태아선량의 최소화가 될 것이다. 방사선장애의 역치선량이 $10{\sim}20cGy$인 것을 감안하면 상기 방법에 의한 임산부의 방사선치료는 이러한 목적에 부합될 뿐만 아니라 사용방법 또한 비교적 용이하다고 생각된다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-27
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• 2011

In an attempt to cope with widespread, dynamic, and accelerating changes in both internal and external business environments, companies often utilize information technologies such as SCM(Supply Chain Management). To date, SCM research has mainly focused on the effects of dynamic factors on SCM success and emphasized adoption strategies and critical success factors. Consequently, the effects of more static factors such as interdependency between SCM partners have been largely ignored. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to examine the effects of both dynamic and static factors on SCM performance by controlling for information quality and partnership quality. The five factors examined in this study include innovative ness, mutual dependency, quality of information, partnership quality, and SCM performance. All factors were examined from the perspective of part suppliers, except the mutual dependency which was examined from two aspects: supplier's dependency on customer and customer's dependency on supplier. Data was collected through five hundred survey questionnaires distributed to the part supplier companies that have implemented SCM systems for at least one year. As a result, a total of 170 valid responses were obtained. A structural equation research model was fitted using SAS 9.1.3 and SMART-PLS 2.0. The results of this study can be summarized as follows. First, innovativeness positively affected SCM information quality. SCM partnership quality, and ultimately SCM performance. The path coefficient between innovativeness and information quality was 0.387, with a t-value of 3.528. Innovativeness also had a positively direct effect on partnership quality. The path coefficient was 0.351 with a t-value of 3.366. The total effect of innovativeness on partnership quality was significant, although its indirect effect on partnership quality by altering information quality was negligible. The total indirect effect of innovativeness on SCM performance by affecting information quality and partnership quality was significant with a p-value of 0.014. Innovativeness played an important role in determining SCM performance. Second, mutual dependency showed no significant effect on SCM information quality. This result contradicts the earlier assertion that the more dependent two companies are, the more accurate and timely the information they exchange ought to be. This study showed that this may not be the case; a partner may provide information of poor quality even when it is strongly dependent on the other. Mutual dependency showed significant effect on partnership quality. However, when the mutual dependency perceived by suppliers was divided into two parts, one being a supplier's dependency on its customer company and the other being a customer's dependency on the supplier, the latter showed a significant impact on the perceived SCM partnership quality. This result indicates that a customer company can hardly improve the partnership quality perceived by suppliers by making them more dependent. It improves only when the suppliers perceive that their partners, typically having more bargaining power, are more dependent on them. The overall effect of mutual dependency of any kind on SCM performance, however, was not significant. Although mutual dependency has been mentioned as an important static factor influencing almost every aspect of cooperation on a supply chain, its influences may not be as significant as it was initially perceived to be. Third, the correlation between information quality and partnership quality was 0.448 with a p-value of less than 0.001. Information quality had a path coefficient of 0.256 to partnership quality with a t-value of 2.940. The quality of information exchanged between partners may have an impact on their partnership quality. Fourth, information quality also had a significant impact on SCM performance with a path coefficient of 0.325 with a t-value of 3.611. In this study, SCM performance was divided into four categories: product quality, cost saving, service quality, and order fulfillment. Information quality has Significant impacts on product quality, cost saving and service quality, but not on order fulfillment. Fifth, partnership quality, as expected, had a significant impact on SCM performance. The path coefficient was 0.403 with a t-value of 3.539. Partnership quality, like information quality, had positive impacts on product quality, cost saving and service quality, but showed no impact on order fulfillment. It seemed that order fulfillment is the hardest category of performance that SCM can satisfy. One major limitation of this study is that it surveyed only the suppliers. To better understand the dual aspects of SCM, it is important to survey both suppliers and the assemblers, especially in pairs. This research, to our best knowledge, was the first attempt to study the level of dependency between the two groups by measuring the dual aspects of SCM and studying mutual dependency from the categories of suppliers and assemblers each.. In the future, a more comprehensive and precise measurement of SCM characteristics needs to be achieved by examining from both the supplier's and assembler's perspectives.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.391-396
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• 1995

목적 : 컴퓨터의 발달에 힘입어 3-D Conformal Radiotherapy(3-D CRT)가 가능하게 되었고 3-D CRT를 위해서는 다엽콜리메이터(MLC)가 필수적인 장치이다. 이에 본 저자들은 MLC 사용시 반그림자(Penumbra)의 크기와 그 특성을 알아보고 기존의 합금납(lead alloy block)을 사용할 때의 반그림자와 차이를 비교 분석하여 임상에서 다엽콜리메이터(MLC)의 이용에 도움이 되고자 본 연구를 계획하였다. 방법 : MLC와 합금납의 반그림자를 측정하기 위해 6MV 와 10MV 에너지의 방사선을 이용하여 필름선량분석을 시행하였다. 필름에 각에너지의 dmax와 10cm 두께의 폴리스탈린 판톰을 올려 놓고 측정하였고, MLC의 종단면과 조사면의 y축과 이루는 각도를 변화시키면서 Effective penumbra($20{\%}-80{\%}$)와 $10{\%}-90{\%}$ 반그림자를 측정하였다. 결과 : MLC의 각도가 0o에서 75o로 증가함에 따라 반그림자의 크기가 증가 하였고, 반그림자 영역에서 등선량곡선의 부채살모양이 심화 되었다. dmax에서 보다 10cm 깊이에서 반그림자의 크기가 약간 증가하였고, 에너지가 증가 하면서 약간 반그림자가 커지는 경향성만 보였다. 합금납을 사용할 경우의 반그림자보다 MLC를 사용할경우 최대 4.8mm가 더 크게 측정되었다. 결론 : 3-D CRT를 시행함에 있어서 반그림자 영역에서는 기존의 합금납 차폐물을 대신하여 MLC를 사용하여도 무방하리라는 결론을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2014

신축공사의 비용에 대한 부담과 건설된 지 오래되어 노후화가 진행된 철근콘크리트 구조물의 증가로 유지관리의 필요성이 크게 증가하여 점차적으로 보수 보강 분야가 확대되고 있다. 이러한 필요성의 증가로 인해 새로운 보수 보강 기술이 국내 외에서 지속적으로 연구되고 있다. 국내에서는 철근콘크리트 구조물의 보수 보강공법으로 강판접착공법, 섬유보강 (Fiber reinforced plastic, 이하 FRP) 표면부착공법, 외부 프리스트레싱공법 등이 사용되고 있다. 이러한 방법 외 Steel mesh로 보강한 시멘트 모르타르 (Steel Mesh Cement Mortar; SMCM)을 이용한 보수방법을 고려하고자, Steel mesh 의 보강 면적, 그리고 보강 층 수 (number of layer)를 달리하여, 3점 휨 부재 실험을 수행하였다. $1400{\times}500{\times}200$ (mm)의 기본 철근 콘크리트 (RC)를 포함하여 총 5종류의 시편을 제작하였으며, 처짐량을 측정하기 위해, 시편 상부에 LVDT를 설치하였으며, 시편 중앙부에 철근 변형률 게이지와 콘크리트 변형률 게이지, 전단 철근에 철근 변형률 게이지를 부착하였다. 3점 휨 실험 결과, 모든 하중-변위 곡선에서 공통적으로 SMCM으로 보강한 시편이 기본 RC에 비해 최대하중이 더 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. SMCM을 두 층, 그리고 기본 RC 하부 전체에 보강을 할 경우, 기본 RC에 비해 최대 하중은 1.18배, 처짐은 최대 1.37배 더 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 시편의 종류마다 조금씩 다른 양상을 보였는데, 이는 SMCM과 RC의 부착 정도의 차이로 인해 결과의 차이가 발생한 것으로 보인다. 특히, 지점부 안쪽으로 부분 보강하고, Steel Mesh를 한 겹으로 보강한 네 번째 경우 (SM-B1)에는, SMCM이 실험 도중 박락되는 현상이 발생하였다. SMCM을 보수 보강 재료로서 활용하기 위해선 RC와의 부착 성능 향상이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• 과학기술학연구
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.97-129
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• 2008

새로운 기술의 개발과 확산으로 인해 기술 위험의 가능성과 영향이 크게 증가하고 있다. 불확실성을 기본적 속성으로 하는 위험의 특성상 지식의 불확실성 해소는 기술 위험관리의 핵심적 요소라고 할 수 있다. 지식의 불확실성이 기술위험 갈등의 중요한 원인이 되기 때문이다. 그러나 지식 축적만으로 기술위험 갈등이 해소되는 것은 아니다. 기술위험의 성격에 따라서는 기술위험에 대한 합의의 부족이 갈등의 주원인이 될 수 있기 때문이다. 휴대전화 전자파의 인체 유해성 논란은 대표적인 예라고 할 수 있다. 휴대전화 전자파의 인체 유해성 여부에 대해서는 명확한 결론을 내릴 수는 없지만 관련 지식이 꾸준히 축적되어 왔기 때문에 지식의 불확실성은 높지 않다. 산업계는 유해성을 입증할만한 뚜렷한 증거가 없기 때문에 법적 규제는 불필요하다는 입장인 반면 시민단체들은 유해 가능성이 입증되지 않았지만 가능성은 여전히 남아있기 때문에 사전 예방적 차원의 규제가 필요하다는 입장을 취하고 있다. 우리나라의 경우 시민단체의 지속적인 문제제기에 따라 정부는 인체흡수율(SAR) 기준을 설정하고 인체 흡수율 정보를 공개토록 하고 있다. 그러나 시민단체의 입장에서 보면 인체 흡수율 기준은 전신이 아닌 얼굴 부위에만 적용되는 제한적 기준이며, 인체 흡수율 정보도 자율적으로 공개토록 하고 있다는 점에서 완화된 형식적 규제라고 할 수 있다. 예방적 규제를 지지하는 시민단체와 산업계 보호의 관점에서 완화된 규제를 유지하려는 정부간에는 여전히 큰 인식 차이가 존재한다. 휴대전화 전자파의 기술 위험은 기술의 친숙성으로 인해 심각한 위험으로 받아들여지지 않고 있지만 심각한 갈등과 재난을 초래할 가능성도 있다. 따라서 이러한 문제를 예방하기 위해서는 안전의 목표를 경제적 목표와 통합하는 정책 통합과 위험 커뮤니케이션의 촉진을 통해 갈등 가능성과 재난의 발생의 소지를 차단하는 기술위험 관리가 필요하다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.47-75
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• 2009

Recently, researches on Management Information Systems (MIS) have laid out theoretical foundation and academic paradigms by introducing diverse theories, themes, and methodologies. Especially, academic paradigms of MIS encourage a user-friendly approach by developing the technologies from the users' perspectives, which reflects the existence of strong causal relationships between information systems and user's behavior. As in other areas in social science the use of structural equation modeling (SEM) has rapidly increased in recent years especially in the MIS area. The SEM technique is important because it provides powerful ways to address key IS research problems. It also has a unique ability to simultaneously examine a series of casual relationships while analyzing multiple independent and dependent variables all at the same time. In spite of providing many benefits to the MIS researchers, there are some potential pitfalls with the analytical technique. The research objective of this study is to provide some guidelines for an appropriate use of SEM based on the assessment of current practice of using SEM in the MIS research. This study focuses on several statistical issues related to the use of SEM in the MIS research. Selected articles are assessed in three parts through the meta analysis. The first part is related to the initial specification of theoretical model of interest. The second is about data screening prior to model estimation and testing. And the last part concerns estimation and testing of theoretical models based on empirical data. This study reviewed the use of SEM in 164 empirical research articles published in four major MIS journals in Korea (APJIS, ISR, JIS and JITAM) from 1991 to 2007. APJIS, ISR, JIS and JITAM accounted for 73, 17, 58, and 16 of the total number of applications, respectively. The number of published applications has been increased over time. LISREL was the most frequently used SEM software among MIS researchers (97 studies (59.15%)), followed by AMOS (45 studies (27.44%)). In the first part, regarding issues related to the initial specification of theoretical model of interest, all of the studies have used cross-sectional data. The studies that use cross-sectional data may be able to better explain their structural model as a set of relationships. Most of SEM studies, meanwhile, have employed. confirmatory-type analysis (146 articles (89%)). For the model specification issue about model formulation, 159 (96.9%) of the studies were the full structural equation model. For only 5 researches, SEM was used for the measurement model with a set of observed variables. The average sample size for all models was 365.41, with some models retaining a sample as small as 50 and as large as 500. The second part of the issue is related to data screening prior to model estimation and testing. Data screening is important for researchers particularly in defining how they deal with missing values. Overall, discussion of data screening was reported in 118 (71.95%) of the studies while there was no study discussing evidence of multivariate normality for the models. On the third part, issues related to the estimation and testing of theoretical models on empirical data, assessing model fit is one of most important issues because it provides adequate statistical power for research models. There were multiple fit indices used in the SEM applications. The test was reported in the most of studies (146 (89%)), whereas normed-test was reported less frequently (65 studies (39.64%)). It is important that normed- of 3 or lower is required for adequate model fit. The most popular model fit indices were GFI (109 (66.46%)), AGFI (84 (51.22%)), NFI (44 (47.56%)), RMR (42 (25.61%)), CFI (59 (35.98%)), RMSEA (62 (37.80)), and NNFI (48 (29.27%)). Regarding the test of construct validity, convergent validity has been examined in 109 studies (66.46%) and discriminant validity in 98 (59.76%). 81 studies (49.39%) have reported the average variance extracted (AVE). However, there was little discussion of direct (47 (28.66%)), indirect, and total effect in the SEM models. Based on these findings, we suggest general guidelines for the use of SEM and propose some recommendations on concerning issues of latent variables models, raw data, sample size, data screening, reporting parameter estimated, model fit statistics, multivariate normality, confirmatory factor analysis, reliabilities and the decomposition of effects.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.611-635
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• 2014

Information systems (IS) have become ubiquitous and changed every aspect of how people live their lives. While some IS have been successfully adopted and widely used, others have failed to be adopted and crowded out in spite of remarkable progress in technologies. Both the technology acceptance model (TAM) and the IS Success Model (ISSM), among many others, have contributed to explain the reasons of success as well as failure in IS adoption and usage. While the TAM suggests that intention to use and perceived usefulness lead to actual IS usage, the ISSM indicates that information quality, system quality, and service quality affect IS usage and user satisfaction. Upon literature review, however, we found a significant void in theoretical development and its applications that employ either of the two models, and we raise research questions. First of all, in spite of the causal relationship between intention to use and actual usage, in most previous studies, only intention to use was employed as a dependent variable without overt explaining its relationship with actual usage. Moreover, even in a few studies that employed actual IS usage as a dependent variable, the degree of actual usage was measured based on users' perceptual responses to survey questionnaires. However, the measurement of actual usage based on survey responses might not be 'actual' usage in a strict sense that responders' perception may be distorted due to their selective perceptions or stereotypes. By the same token, the degree of system quality that IS users perceive might not be 'real' quality as well. This study seeks to fill this void by measuring the variables of actual usage and system quality using 'fact' data such as system logs and specifications of users' information and communications technology (ICT) devices. More specifically, we propose an integrated research model that bring together the TAM and the ISSM. The integrated model is composed of both the variables that are to be measured using fact as well as survey data. By employing the integrated model, we expect to reveal the difference between real and perceived degree of system quality, and to investigate the relationship between the perception-based measure of intention to use and the fact-based measure of actual usage. Furthermore, we also aim to add empirical findings on the general research question: what factors influence actual IS usage and how? In order to address the research question and to examine the research model, we selected a mobile campus application (MCA). We collected both fact data and survey data. For fact data, we retrieved them from the system logs such information as menu usage counts, user's device performance, display size, and operating system revision version number. At the same time, we conducted a survey among university students who use an MCA, and collected 180 valid responses. A partial least square (PLS) method was employed to validate our research model. Among nine hypotheses developed, we found five were supported while four were not. In detail, the relationships between (1) perceived system quality and perceived usefulness, (2) perceived system quality and perceived intention to use, (3) perceived usefulness and perceived intention to use, (4) quality of device platform and actual IS usage, and (5) perceived intention to use and actual IS usage were found to be significant. In comparison, the relationships between (1) quality of device platform and perceived system quality, (2) quality of device platform and perceived usefulness, (3) quality of device platform and perceived intention to use, and (4) perceived system quality and actual IS usage were not significant. The results of the study reveal notable differences from those of previous studies. First, although perceived intention to use shows a positive effect on actual IS usage, its explanatory power is very weak ($R^2$=0.064). Second, fact-based system quality (quality of user's device platform) shows a direct impact on actual IS usage without the mediating role of intention to use. Lastly, the relationships between perceived system quality (perception-based system quality) and other constructs show completely different results from those between quality of device platform (fact-based system quality) and other constructs. In the post-hoc analysis, IS users' past behavior was additionally included in the research model to further investigate the cause of such a low explanatory power of actual IS usage. The results show that past IS usage has a strong positive effect on current IS usage while intention to use does not have, implying that IS usage has already become a habitual behavior. This study provides the following several implications. First, we verify that fact-based data (i.e., system logs of real usage records) are more likely to reflect IS users' actual usage than perception-based data. In addition, by identifying the direct impact of quality of device platform on actual IS usage (without any mediating roles of attitude or intention), this study triggers further research on other potential factors that may directly influence actual IS usage. Furthermore, the results of the study provide practical strategic implications that organizations equipped with high-quality systems may directly expect high level of system usage.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.493-513
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• 2014

With the development of related technologies, Location-Based Services (LBS) are growing fast and being used in many ways. Past LBS studies have focused on adoption of LBS because of the fact that LBS users have privacy concerns regarding revealing their location information. Meanwhile, the number of LBS users and revenues from LBS are growing rapidly because users can get some benefits by revealing their location information. Little research has been done on how LBS affects consumers' information search behavior in product purchase. The purpose of this paper is examining the effect of LBS information filtering on buyers' uncertainty and their information search behavior. When consumers purchase a product, they try to reduce uncertainty by searching information. Generally, there are two types of uncertainties - knowledge uncertainty and choice uncertainty. Knowledge uncertainty refers to the lack of information on what kinds of alternatives are available in the market and/or their important attributes. Therefore, consumers having knowledge uncertainty will have difficulties in identifying what alternatives exist in the market to fulfil their needs. Choice uncertainty refers to the lack of information about consumers' own preferences and which alternative will fit in their needs. Therefore, consumers with choice uncertainty have difficulties selecting best product among available alternatives.. According to economics of information theory, consumers narrow the scope of information search when knowledge uncertainty is high. It is because consumers' information search cost is high when their knowledge uncertainty is high. If people do not know available alternatives and their attributes, it takes time and cognitive efforts for them to acquire information about available alternatives. Therefore, they will reduce search breadth. For people with high knowledge uncertainty, the information about products and their attributes is new and of high value for them. Therefore, they will conduct searches more in-depth because they have incentive to acquire more information. When people have high choice uncertainty, people tend to search information about more alternatives. It is because increased search breadth will improve their chances to find better alternative for them. On the other hand, since human's cognitive capacity is limited, the increased search breadth (more alternatives) will reduce the depth of information search for each alternative. Consumers with high choice uncertainty will spend less time and effort for each alternative because considering more alternatives will increase their utility. LBS provides users with the capability to screen alternatives based on the distance from them, which reduces information search costs. Therefore, it is expected that LBS will help users consider more alternatives even when they have high knowledge uncertainty. LBS provides distance information, which helps users choose alternatives appropriate for them. Therefore, users will perceive lower choice uncertainty when they use LBS. In order to test the hypotheses, we selected 80 students and assigned them to one of the two experiment groups. One group was asked to use LBS to search surrounding restaurants and the other group was asked to not use LBS to search nearby restaurants. The experimental tasks and measures items were validated in a pilot experiment. The final measurement items are shown in Appendix A. Each subject was asked to read one of the two scenarios - with or without LBS - and use a smartphone application to pick a restaurant. All behaviors on smartphone were recorded using a recording application. Search breadth was measured by the number of restaurants clicked by each subject. Search depths was measured by two metrics - the average number of sub-level pages each subject visited and the average time spent on each restaurant. The hypotheses were tested using SPSS and PLS. The results show that knowledge uncertainty reduces search breadth (H1a). However, there was no significant correlation between knowledge uncertainty and search depth (H1b). Choice uncertainty significantly reduces search depth (H2b), but no significant relationship was found between choice uncertainty and search breadth (H2a). LBS information filtering significantly reduces the buyers' choice uncertainty (H4) and reduces the negative relationship between knowledge uncertainty and search breadth (H3). This research provides some important implications for service providers. Service providers should use different strategies based on their service properties. For those service providers who are not well-known to consumers (high knowledge uncertainty) should encourage their customers to use LBS. This is because LBS would increase buyers' consideration sets when the knowledge uncertainty is high. Therefore, less known services have chances to be included in consumers' consideration sets with LBS. On the other hand, LBS information filtering decrease choice uncertainty and the near service providers are more likely to be selected than without LBS. Hence, service providers should analyze geographically approximate competitors' strength and try to reduce the gap so that they can have chances to be included in the consideration set.

• 벤처창업연구
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.193-204
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• 2022

본 연구는 키오스크 사용자를 대상으로 소비자 만족 수준 측정 및 개선의 영향력 정도를 분석하였다. 현대에 이르러 기술의 발전과 온라인 환경의 개선으로 인해 단순노동 업무는 10여 년 후 사라질 확률이 90%가 임박한다. 국내 연구에서도 단순 노무 직종'이 약 36%의 확률로 진보된 기술에 영향을 받아 사라질 것으로 예측되며 기업으로서도 인력 구인과 인건비 등의 문제로 인해 점차 무인화를 진행하며 그 대체재로써 키오스크를 선호하고 있다. 특히 최근 전 세계적으로 큰 유행으로 번지고 있는 코로나19 바이러스로 인해 비대면 서비스에 대한 수요가 높아지며 키오스크 도입 경향은 더욱 가속화되어 세계시장에서 2021년 835억 원 규모로 성장하며 연평균 8.9%의 성장세를 보여주고 있다. 하지만, 이러한 키오스크의 무인이라는 특성으로 인해 일부 소비자는 여전히 사용에 어려움을 겪고 있으며 이러한 기술 사용이 익숙지 않은 소비자들을 중심으로 비대면 서비스 자체에 대한 거부감과 서비스 오류에 대한 불안감 등으로 서비스 공동 생산자에 대한 이해가 부족해 점원과 소비자 간의 역할 갈등을 유발하거나 기술 사용이 익숙한 세대와 서비스 제공 측면에서 불평등이 이루어지고 있다. 또한, 키오스크는 대표적인 기술 기반 셀프서비스 산업이기에 사용자가 불편함을 느끼거나 추가적인 노동을 한다고 여기면 전체적인 서비스 가치 하락을 경험하여 키오스크 산업 자체의 성장세를 억제할 수 있다는 점에서 소비자 중심의 키오스크 개선 방향성 연구는 중요하다. 이에 실제 사용자들을 중심으로 직접 사용함에서 중점 사항에 대한 인터뷰를 진행하여 디스플레이 배색, 글자 크기, 기기의 디자인, 기기의 크기, 내부 UI(인터페이스), 정보의 양, 인식 센서(바코드, NFC 등), 디스플레이 밝기, 자체 이벤트, 반응속도 항목을 추출하였다. 이후 설문을 활용하여 각 기대 평가 항목의 Kano 모델 품질 속성 분류를 진행하였으며 최빈값만을 고려하여 차순위의 통계적 의미가 무시된다는 Kano 모델의 단점을 보완하기 위하여 이를 정확한 수치로 계산할 수 있는 Timko의 고객 만족 계수를 활용하였으며 연구를 통해 키오스크 기대 평가 항목들의 개선 영향력을 최종적으로 분별하여 개선 우선순위를 도출하기 위하여 PCSI Index 분석을 추가로 진행하였다. 그 결과 개선의 영향력은 내부 UI(인터페이스), 글자 크기, 인식 센서(바코드, NFC 등), 반응속도, 자체 이벤트, 디스플레이 밝기, 정보의 양, 기기의 크기, 기기의 디자인, 디스플레이 배색 순으로 나타났으며 이를 통해 키오스크 기반 분야별 연구의 종합적인 비교 및 벤처 산업의 개선 방향성 설정에 이바지하고자 한다.

• 인터넷정보학회논문지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.65-72
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• 2024

전시 공간에서 작품의 의도를 충실하게 나타내기 위해서는 자연광처럼 높은 색상 재현 성능을 제공하는 조명이 필요하다. 이에 연색성의 향상을 위한 다수의 조명 기술이 소개되었으나 대부분 파스텔 계열의 8가지 색상을 고려하는 일반 연색지수(CRI Ra)만을 평가하였다. 자연광은 R9과 R12의 연색지수로 표현되는 빨간색과 파란색을 포함하여 모든 색상에 대해 우수한 연색 성능을 제공하지만 대부분 인공조명은 R9, R12 등의 연색 성능이 자연광에 비해 현저히 낮다는 문제가 있다. 최근 원색을 포함한 전시물의 색상을 사실적으로 표현할 수 있도록 자연광 수준의 연색성을 제공하는 조명 기술이 요구되지만 관련 연구는 매우 부족하였다. 이에 본 논문에서는 자연광의 특성에 기반하여 CRI Ra, R9, R12를 중심으로 높은 연색성을 실현하는 전시관 조명을 제안한다. 먼저 자연광과 인공조명의 실측 분광에 대한 분석을 통해 R9과 R12의 향상을 위한 보강 파장 대역을 도출한다. 이후 보강 파장 대역 내 피크 파장특성을 가진 가상의 SPD를 생성한 후 상용 LED 광원과의 조합 시뮬레이션을 통해 CRI Ra≥95와 R9, R12≥90을 충족하는 SPD의 조합조건을 도출한다. 이를 통해 R9과 R12 향상에 가장 큰 영향을 미친 405, 630nm 피크 파장 특성의 광원 2종을 특정한 후 W/C White LED 2종을 적용한 전시관 조명을 설계하고 조명의 제어지표 DB를 구축한다. 이후 제안 방법의 실험을 통해 조도(300-1,000 Lux), 색온도(3,000-5,000K) 조건에서 평균 CRI Ra는 96.5, R9과 R12는 96.2, 94.0로 자연광 수준 고연색성의 실현이 가능함을 보였다.