• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.508-516
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• 2009

Chiffon cakes with 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10% of mulberry powder were made. Specific gravity and batter stability of chiffon cake batter were measured. And moisture content, color, height, weight, texture of chiffon cakes were measured. Consumers also evaluated the chiffon cakes for their liking. Specific gravity of control batter was 0.5 and there were no significant differences between control and chiffon cakes with 2, 4, 6, and 8% of the mulberry powder. The sample with 10% mulberry powder had specific gravity of 0.64 and it was significantly higher compared to the control. Stability of the batters were measured using Turbiscan and the control was the least stable whereas the batter with 2% mulberry powder was the most stable. The moisture content and weight of the cake did not differ between the control chiffon cake and cakes with mulberry powder. The height of the cake was the highest for the control cake at 7.56cm, but the differences between control, and samples with 2, 4, 6, and 8% mulberry powder were not significant. The sample with 10% mulberry powder had lower height of 6.55cm. 'L', 'a', and 'b' values of crust decreased significantly with increased content of mulberry powder. Crumb color('L' and 'b' values) decreased as mulberry powder content increased, while the 'a' value increased. Hardness significantly decreased as mulberry content increased. However, fracturability and springiness did not differ between control and sample cakes. Resilience of the control and sample cakes prepared with 2% mulberry powder were lowest, and resilience increased significantly as the amount of mulberry powder increased beyond 4%. Control cake was preferred overall by consumers, while the color, softness, and flavor of mulberry powder prepared cakes(particularly 2% powder) were specifically preferred. Mulberry flavor and astringency increased as the amount of mulberry powder increased, while sweetness did not change. The intensity of the egg flavor significantly decreased as the amount of mulberry powder increased. Intensity ratings of off-flavor did not differ among control and sample cakes. We recommend the addition of 2~6% mulberry powder to the recipe for chiffon cake.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.37-43
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• 2019

The research aims to study the relationship between export performance and stock return of Vietnamese fishery companies. To conduct this study, quarterly data was collected for period from 2010-2018 of 13 fishery companies listing in Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) and Ha Noi Stock Exchange (HNX). The export performance was measured by export intensity, export growth and export market coverage. In addition, interest rate, exchange rate, GDP, firm size, profitability, and financial leverage were considered as the control variables in the research model. Panel data analysis with Generalized Least Squares model was employed to estimate the predictive regression. The findings indicated that export intensity and export growth have a significant and positive relationship with stock returns. However, export market coverage has not a significant relationship with stock return at the 0.05 level. Profitability, financial leverage, and exchange rate have a positive relationship, while interest rate and GDP have no relation to stock return at the 0.05 significance level. The findings imply that investors should consider the export intensity instead of export growth and export market coverage as selecting stock of fishery exports firms to invest; managers should increase export intensity to increase company's stock price or firm market value.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.109-126
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• 2003

This study was designed 10 investigate the effects of therapeutic gymnastic ball exercise on pain, flexibility, lumbar disability level and daily activity levels in male patients of the armed forces medical hospital who complain of chronic low back pain. Twenty-three males were placed in the experimental group and twenty-nine males were placed in the control group. All of the subjects were chosen on the basis of availability among in-patients who were diagnosed with low back pain. The control patients were matched to the experimental group and they were selected considering gender, pain duration and age. Gymnastic ball exercise therapy was developed by the author with the assistance of a rehabilitation specialist. Gymnastic ball exercise therapy includes muscle relaxation, flexibility, muscle strength and posture development exercises. The gymnastic ball exercise therapy was carried out by the experimental group three times a week for eight weeks. Before and after the experiments, the intensity of pain, the lumbar joint mobility (flexibility), the lumbar disability levels, and the daily activity levels of the subjects were measured, respectively. The intensity of pain and the lumbar disability levels were measured by the Visual Analogue Scale, the level of flexibility by a measurement ruler, and the level of disability by the Oswestry Low Back Pain Disability Scale. Data were analysed using a t-test, a paired t-test and an unpaired t-test. The results were as follows: 1. The intensity of pain in the lumbar spine in the experimental group was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group during the 4th week and 8th week. 2. The flexibility of the lumbar spine in the experimental group was significantly increased compared with that of the control group during the 4th week and 8 week. 3. The level of pain caused by anterior, posterior, left lateral and right lateral bending and by rotation in experimental group was significantly decreased compared with that of the control group. 4. The Oswestry Disability score of the experimental group was significantly increased compared with that of control group. These findings indicate that gymnastic ball exercise therapy could be effective in decreasing pain and lumbar disability, and increasing the daily activity levels and lumbar flexibility in patients with chronic low back pain. The study also suggests that gymnastic ball exercise therapy could be an essential factor for effective nursing intervention for patients suffering from chronic low back pain.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.61-73
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 8- week Tai Chi exercise program on improving the risk factors for falls in the older adults with chronic arthritis pain. Method: Fifteen subjects were assigned for experimental group and thirteen were assigned for control group. The subjects of the experimental group participated in a 8 -week program of Tai Chi exercise. In order to evaluate the effects of Tai Chi program, pain intensity, postural stability, balance, gait, and flexibility of knees and ankles were measured before the first and after the 8th session Result: After a 8-week Tai Chi program, there were significant improvement in single-leg stance time with eyes open(left: p=.000, right: p=.003), total scores of balance(p=.004), total scores of gait(p=.005), and the angle of ankle dorsiflexion(p=.008) in the experimental group when compared to the control group. However, there was no significant difference in pain intensity between Tai Chi group and control group(p=.054). Conclusion: These results suggest that a 8-week Tai Chi exercise program can be utilized as a safe and effective nursing program to improve on improving the risk factors for falls in the older adults with osteoarthritis.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.57-68
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a 6- week Tai-Chi program on improving pain, sleep disturbance, mood, and fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Method: Sixteen subjects were assigned for experimental group and fifteen were assigned for control group. The subjects of the experimental group participated in a 6-week program of Tai-Chi. Each Tai-Chi class was conducted by a certified Tai-Chi instructor. In order to evaluate the effects of Tai-Chi program, pain, sleep disturbance, mood and fatigue were measured before and after the 6th session Result: After 6-week Tai-Chi program, there were significant improvement in mood & sleep disturbance in the experimental group when compared to the control group However, there were no significant differences in pain intensity and fatigue between Tai-Chi group and control group. Conclusion: These results suggest that a 6-week Tai-Chi program can be utilized as an safe and effective nursing program to improve mood and sleep disturbance in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Long term studies of the effects of Tai-Chi on the pain intensity and fatigue may be import.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.427-435
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of hand acupuncture therapy on headaches in children. Method: A quasi experimental pre-test and post (1,2,3)-test design was used. Data were collected from March 2 to April 16 2001. Forty children were assigned to an experimental (20) or control group (20). The experimental group received Hand-Acupuncture therapy on the meridian point; A30, A31, A32, A33, E8, I2, M2, M3, M5, B25, B26, B27 for each 3 minutes, while the control group rested on a bed. Data were analyzed using the SAS program with $x^2$-test, t-test, repeated measured ANOVA, and ANCOVA. Result: In the experimental group, descriptive headache intensity (f=64.33, p=0.00), numeric headache intensity (F=74.69, 122.50, 7.52. p=0.00), and medication requirements ($x^2$=19.00, p=0.00) were significantly lower than those of the control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that hand acupuncture therapy is effective for reduction of headaches. Therefore, hand acupuncture therapy can be considered an independent nursing intervention for reducing headaches in children.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 1994.11a
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• pp.225-227
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• 1994

The second-order nonlinear optical effect, especially the second harmonic generation, in Langmuir-Blodgett(LB) films have get much attention over the past few years. For second harmonic generation(SHG) of the ultrathin organic films, the multilayer structure of the film should have the noncentrosymmetric arrangements of molecules. The Langmuir-Blodgett technique can result in the production of thin films of precisely controlled dimensions and structure. In this paper, n-octadecyl 4-(4'-nitrophenylazo)-1-naphthyl ether, ONNE(azohenzene derivative), was synthesized and the optical properties of ONNE was studied. Nonccntrosymmctric Z-type LB films of ONNE were prepared and SHG intensity of the film were measured. The structural characteristics of floating monolayer(L film) and LB film of ONNE were discussed with $\pi$-A isotherm. UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry. The polarized UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and SHO intensity suggest the molecular orientation in LB film.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.9-17
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to compare the effects of the Graston-based massage method and microcurrent application on muscle fatigue after causing muscle fatigue of the quadriceps femoris by applying high-intensity exercise. METHODS: Study subjects (56 healthy subjects in their 20s) were randomized into a microcurrent group (MG), Graston group (GG), and control group (CG). To induce fatigue of the quadriceps femoris, the subjects performed squats 100 times without a break within about 5 minutes. Muscle fatigue was measured immediately after performing squats and 15 minutes after intervention. To measure muscle fatigue, surface electromyogram (EMG) was used to obtain and compare the median frequency. Microcurrent or Graston massage was applied to their quadriceps muscles 15 minutes after performing the squats. RESULTS: Muscle fatigue increased significantly in the vastus lateralis before and after intervention in the Graston group (p<.05), while no significant difference was observed in the rectus femoris and vastus medialis (p>.05). There were also no significant differences in the microcurrent group or the control group. CONCLUSION: Both the microcurrent group and Graston group showed a tendency for increasing median frequency values compared to the control group, but there was no significant difference except in the vastus lateralis treated with the Graston technique. Although there was no significant difference, the Graston technique could be utilized to reduce the occurrence of DOMS by preventing muscle fatigue in clinical practice or sports medicine.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.07d
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• pp.2347-2349
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• 2004

The iron loss in electric machines takes large part of machine losses and the reduction of iron loss brings the increase of the efficiency. In the rotating machines, however it is very difficult to calculate result because the measuring processes are very complex and laborious. As is well known, the relation between the flux density B and the magnetic field intensity H relation is not linear. For the iron loss, B and H must be measured and usually B becomes the reference wave(sine wave) and the following H is measured using H-coil. To make the B as sine wave, B is controlled by some devices. The error is controlled to become zero by the proposed algorithm which uses the bisection algorithm. The experiments are compared with the simulation results, and they show acceptable agreements.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.49-51
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• 2004

The iron loss in electric machines takes large part of machine losses and the reduction of iron loss brings the increase of the efficiency. In the rotating machines, however it is very difficult to calculate the iron loss and to get the exact experiment result because the measuring precesses are very complex and laborious. As is well known, the relation between the flux density B and the magnetic field intensity H relation is not linear. For the iron loss, B and H must be measured and usually B becomes the reference wave(sine wave) and the following H is measured using H-coil. To make the B as sine wave, B is controlled by some devices. The error is controlled to become zero by the proposed algorithm which uses the bisection algorithm. The experiments are compared with the simulation results, and they show acceptable agreements.