• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.785-795
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• 2022

Traditional germplasms are unsuitable for mechanized production, limiting adzuki bean production. The creation of cultivars that can be harvested by mechanized means is an urgent task for breeders. The bottom pod height (BPH), lodging resistance, and synchronous maturing of adzuki beans are critical factors for the reduction of losses due to mechanized harvesting. In this study, 14 traits of 806 adzuki bean accessions were analyzed. All growth stages and the yield, lodging score, and synchronous maturing correlated negatively with the BPH. These negative correlations reflect the increased difficulty of breeding to simultaneously satisfy the needs for no lodging, high synchronous maturing rates, BPHs > 10 cm, and high yield. We screened three germplasms with no lodging, high synchronous maturing rates, and BPHs > 10 cm that were used as mechanization-adapted breeding material for crossing with high-yield cultivars. Agronomic trait diversity in adzuki beans was also examined in this study. Principal component and cluster analyses were conducted for 806 germplasms resulting in three clusters with the yield and three growth stage traits serving as the main discriminating factors. Cluster 1 included high-yield germplasms with the number of pods per plant and the number of seeds per pod being the major discriminant factors. Cluster 2 included germplasms with long growth periods and large 100-seed weights while cluster 3 contained germplasms with high BPHs. In general, the characteristics that make mechanical harvesting feasible and those assessed in this study could be utilized to choose and enhance adzuki beans production.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.65-67
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• 2003

This study was conducted to analyze the effects of genotypes, environments and interaction of G$\times$E on yields of sesame grown in seven different environments by AMMI analysis. Environments accounted for the largest (91 %) proportion of the sums of squares, followed by G$\times$E (8%) and genotypes (1%) Therefore, G$\times$E effects are theoretically eight times as important as G effects. G2 (Yanghukkae) has the largest IPCAI scores indicating higher G$\times$E interaction. G3 (Suwon 171) was near zero score of IPCAI suggesting higher stability than others in yield component. Most of environments except for Iksan area shows different G$\times$E effects by years, which means Iksan is optimal area for multi-environmental adaptation evaluation in sesame breeding programs. According to this experiment, it is concluded that maximization of grain yield through environments can be achieved by specific genotypes in specific environments.

• 농촌계획
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.189-207
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• 2013

This study aimed to draw the plan elements and characteristics that should be considered in case when developing guidelines to build up roads in rural villages. Drawing the construction elements necessary for building up roads through the advanced researches, the survey was conducted for relevant experts in order to evaluate the importance of each plan element of route plan, design & construction and operation & management. The result determined total 105 contents that should be considered in case when building up roads in rural villages. The study on building up roads in rural villages as a strategy to vitalize rural areas means universal roads that connect each village with rural amenities in various values like walking tour road, visit roads and observation roads. It is considered that the development of guidelines for building up roads in rural villages could be used as a basic data to build up roads where nature, culture and history of rural areas can be effectively experienced and enjoyed.

• 대한교통학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한교통학회 1995년도 한-중 국제학술회의 발표논문
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• pp.239-250
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• 1995

With speeding up the process of being international municipality, the gravity of lacking parking lots in Shanghai urban area, which directly blocks the traffic in the city, has been revealed. This thesis analyses present automobiles parking capability and forecasts the future's needs for the city. To solve the problem, the concept could be to expand parking areas in city center recently to relax the tention and to do thoughtful planning in the near future on the foundation of fully consideration the trend. The municipal government has to set up policy properly, amplify regulations, strenthern the administration and open up a path to raise founds. Berween road system administration which is dynamic and parking lot system administration which is static, there are a knot on macroscopic meaning and an interference as well. The coordination of these two systems would be reflested on the effects of whole municipal traffic adminisration. Basically, public parking lots are city's foundal facilities, just like roads, bridges, etc. The main problems now in Shanghai are large parking space demands, insufficient facilities, cheap parking expenses comparing with the cost of parking lots construcion and poor administration. According to the forecast on social economy development, there will be 580 thousand automobiles in Shanghai by the year 2000, and the amount of private cars will increase greatly. The frequency of automobiles going out will be 1.45 million per day. Public parking lots being able to afford 105 thousand units are needed. To satisfy the demands, the recent aim of planning should be speed up the parking lots construction, the planning objective in next period should be developing reasonably and exceed the demands properly. In order to realize the planning objective, the government has to formulate correct policy and amplify administration regulations. The government has to adopt both administration and economy means, including charging parking people reasonably, collect necessary taxes, bringing the parking lots planning into general municipality planning, opening up an effective path to raise founds, such as set up founds for parking lots construction, issue bonds and stocks, get loans at home and abroad, etc.

• 간호행정학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.282-291
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify clusters of nursing competency, and investigate the influence of reflective thinking, team learning climate, and learning organization building according to nursing competency clusters. Methods: Participants were 244 clinical nurses who worked in 4 general hospitals in Gwangju Metropolitan City. Data were collected by self-report questionnaires during June and July, 2011. Nursing competency, levels of reflection hierarchy, team learning climate, and learning organization building were measured. Data were analyzed using frequencies, means, t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and K-means cluster analysis with SPSS/WIN 20.0 version. Results: Nursing competency correlated positively with intensive reflection, reflection, team learning climate, and learning organization building (p<.001). There were three clusters of nursing competency in a clinical ladder, which were derived from cluster analysis, grouped as high, middle, and low competency. Intensive reflection, reflection, team learning climate, and learning organization building showed significant differences according to grouping of nursing competency. Conclusion: The results indicate that developing intensive reflection, reflection, team learning climate, and learning organization building would be useful strategies for enhancement of nursing competency.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.25-47
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• 2008

The Fishing Communities (so-called Uchongae) in Korea was legally established in 1962. It has been gradually expanded by quantity, and we have total 1,969 communities in 2006. The major establishment purpose of Uchongae was put 2 functions. The first function is to make up the double industry structure in coastal region, and second function is to make economical condition for Uchongae. Nevertheless the Fishing Communities System in Korea was not successfully developed after first beginning. The Income gap have become heavily between fishing area and non - fishing area, including agricultural area. The income gap has been due to rapid industrialization and urbanization in Korea. And the income gap even have become heavily among Uchongaes. In this paper, It have been researched the degree of Income inequality among Uchongaes in Korea during 1986-2006. The income inequality degree was analyzed by Gini coefficient and Mean Log Deviation (MLD) using Lorenz Curve. According to analysis result, the Gini coefficient of Uchongaes in Korea has been about 2-times high from 0.0847 to 0.1770 during 20 years. And the MLD has been 5.4 times from 0.0125 to 0.0679 during same periods. This means to more wide the general Income Inequality among the Uchongaes in Korea. Especially, It means to more wide the gap of high ranking Uchongaes and low ranking Uchongaes that MLD index multiplier has been more high.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.185-195
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• 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze changes of child welfare policies and provide insights based on the collection and classification of newspaper articles. Methods: Articles related to child welfare policies were collected from 1990, during the Kim, Young-sam administration, to May 9, 2022, under the Moon, Jae-in administration. K-Means clustering and keyword Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency analysis were utilized to cluster and analyze newspaper articles with similar themes. Results: The administrations of Kim, Young-sam, Kim, Dae-jung, Roh, Moo-hyun, and Park, Geun-hye were classified into two clusters, and the Lee, Myung-bak and Moon, Jae-in administrations were classified into three clusters. Conclusion: South Korea's child welfare policies have focused on ensuring the safety and healthy development of children through diverse policies initiatives over the years. However, challenges related to child protection and child abuse persist. This requires additional resources and budget allocation. It is important to establish a comprehensive support system for children and families, including comprehensive nursing support.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.55-77
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to make a research on the administration and practical problems of the arbitral organization called "uth-North Commercial Arbitration Commission". The Arbitration Commission shall be set up under the South-North Agreements officially called "reement on Settlement Procedure of Commercial Dispute" and "reement on Organization and Administration of the South-North Arbitration Commission" between the South and the North of Korea. A variety means of dispute settlement including friendly consultations, conciliation and arbitration called Alternative Dispute Resolution(ADR) will be used frequently and institutionally to settle commercial disputes and conflicts arising from economic transactions between the South and the North of Korea. Under the circumstances, it is becoming a problem of vital importance how to operate the Arbitration Commission for the prompt and effective settlement of the South-North commercial disputes. First of all, the South and the North of Korea should recognize the availability of prompt and effective means of dispute resolution such as arbitration and conciliation to be made by the Arbitration Commission would promote the orderly growth and encouragement of th South-North trade and investment, for which the following measures should be taken as soon as possible : 1. Enactment of the South-North Arbitration Rules. 2. Designation of the arbitral institution by North-Korean side. In this connection, the Korean Commercial Arbitration Board(KCAB) was already designated officially as the arbitral organization of South Korean side as of April 17, 2007. 3. Arbitration shall be held in the place where the respondent has his domicile, in case that both parties fail to agree as to the place of arbitration. 4. Permission of a third country arbitration in case that both parties agree to do so. 5. To become a member country of international arbitration agreements including the New York Convention.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.53-57
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• 2013

This study was performed to examine the possibility of water extracts for several medicinal plants, such as Amomum tsao-ko, Alpinia oxyphylla, and Citrus unshiu, as an active packaging ingredient for prevention of lipid oxidation. Chicken breast meats were packed with medicinal plant extracts incorporated carrageenan based films and their physico-chemical and microbial properties during storage at $5^{\circ}C$ were investigated. In chicken meat samples packed with A. tsao-ko (TF) or A. oxyphylla (OF) extract incorporated carrageenan based films, pH value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and the population of total microbes were significantly lower than those of the negative control (film of no extract was incorporated, CF) after 5 d of storage (p<0.05). Especially, TBARS value of TF ($0.12{\pm}0.01$ mg malonaldehyde/kg meat) was significantly lower than chicken meat samples packed with positive control (ascorbic acid incorporated film, AF, $0.16{\pm}0.01$ mg malonaldehyde/kg meat) at 3 d of storage, and it means TF has enough antioxidative activity to prevent the lipid oxidation of chicken meat. However, there was no consistent effect on VBN values of chicken meats packed with medicinal plant extracts incorporated films during storage. Based on the obtained results, it is considered that A. tsao-ko extract has potential for being used as a natural antioxidant ingredient in active packaging areas.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.106-115
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• 2022

Background: Current research suggests that humans are exposed to microplastics through consumption of foods and beverages, the airway route, and a variety of other means. Objectives: We evaluated oxidative stress and inflammation from polyethylene microplastics (PE-MPs) in the neonatal liver through intragastric administration or intratracheal instillation in pregnant mice. Methods: PE-MPs were administered from gestational day 9 to postnatal day 7. The intragastric administration group (0.01 mg/mouse/day or 0.1 mg/mouse/day) and intratracheal instillation group (6 ㎍/mouse/day or 60 ㎍/mouse/day) of PE-MPs were administered. After sacrifice, the oxidative stress and inflammation of the neonatal livers were measured. Results: As a result of the oxidative stress caused by PE-MPs in the neonatal livers, glutathione peroxidase decreased in a concentration-dependent manner in the intragastric administration group compared to the control group and intratracheal instillation decreased in high concentration PE-MPs. The catalase level increased at high concentrations of intragastric administration and intratracheal instillation. To confirm the level of inflammation caused by PE-MPs, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and tumor necrosis factoralpha were increased compared to the control group except for intratracheal intilation-high concentration PEMPs. The C-reactive protein level was decreased by intragastric administration compared to the control group and intratracheal instillation was increased compared to the control group. Conclusions: Despite the difficulty in comparing the toxic intensity between intragastric administration and intratracheal instillation of PE-MPs, our study revealed that oxidative stress and inflammation were induced in the neonatal liver. However, it is necessary to evaluate the toxic effects of microplastics on various organs as well. Overall, the present study indicates that the evaluation of toxic effects of long-term microplastic exposure, potential of microplastic toxicity on next-generation offspring and toxicity mechanism in human should be considered for further investigations.