• Yonsei Medical Journal
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• v.59 no.9
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• pp.1107-1114
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• 2018

Purpose: This study investigated the effectiveness of meaning-centered psychotherapy (MCP), which is known to be a helpful psychotherapeutic intervention in distressing conditions, for patients with pancreatobiliary cancer. Materials and Methods: We recruited 37 patients with pancreatobiliary cancer from three university general hospitals and assessed their psychological characteristics. Patients who reported clinically significant emotional distress were recommended to undergo MCP. Patients who consented to MCP were provided four sessions of the therapy. Patient psychological characteristics were assessed again 2 months after MCP. For statistical comparison, outcome variables included anxiety, depression, mental adjustment to cancer, and quality of life (QoL), as well as the degree of stress and physical symptoms. Results: Sixteen patients completed the MCP and the final assessment 2 months later. In the initial assessment, the patients receiving MCP showed higher levels of anxiety and depression than those not receiving MCP, and QoL was also lower in terms of role function, emotional function, social function, and global QoL. At the 2-month follow-up, the MCP group showed a significant improvement in anxiety (p=0.007), depression (p=0.010), and anxious preoccupation (p<0.001). In addition, QoL significantly improved in the MCP group, while there was no significant change in the non-MCP group. Conclusion: In this study, MCP showed potential therapeutic benefits against emotional distress in patients with pancreatobiliary cancer, improving their QoL.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

ElM (Eighteen Incompatible Medicaments) is an important component in Oriental pharmacology and is directly related to clinical prescriptions. Medical practitioners argued that the definite cause and meaning of ElM was ambiguous and therefore debated the issue of clinical application of the ElM. This study conducted an in-depth literary research on the origin, meaning and contents of ElM with the purpose to contribute in its efforts to be used clinically. Even after thousands of years have past since establishment of Oriental medicine. ElM is still tabooed and was an obstacle that hindered ideologies. Modern herbal medicine texts claim that the use of ElM can reduce treatment effects and promote poisoning and side effects. However, since long ago, there has been medical practitioners who reject this as false. Recently, poisoning caused by ElM has been claimed to be from the toxicity of the drug itself, rather than the result of interaction between the drugs. and therefore they suggest that ElM is not a forbidden domain. In addition. ElM showed a difference in number depending on the era. However, this can be understood not as a definite number. but instead as a warning to be careful during combination of drugs for use as clinical medicine. Historically. there were very few cases in which ElM was used for clinical tests and thus, the clinical value is not yet clear. However. some medical practitioners clinically applied it and found clear results for it. while others applied ElM directly to their bodies. which showed signs for the usefulness and potential of ElM for us. A more concrete and in-depth study must be made on ELM.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.56-63
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• 2014

Furniture has been developed in pursuit of human convenience and comfort, but nowadays it does not consider human users and gradually loses the essence of furniture. Especially furniture design that disregards the relation with space loses both the meaning and purpose of furniture. In this regards, it is necessary to understand the essence of furniture design and establish a design direction for future progress. Based on the relation between furniture and space, this paper intended to study on John Pawson's works that pursued the essence of design focusing on users, and propose a direction in a sense of real meaning for modern furniture design after exploring the characteristic of the furniture design of John Pawson. The study method of this paper was to investigate the design language of John Pawson and analyze his furniture in the morphological structural, functional, and material aspects. Based on such analysis, this study investigated the characteristics of the furniture design and found out what the core of the design that he pursued was. The scope of the study included the Independent Furniture that was restricted furniture collections of Driade and Spatial Furniture designed and installed at the stage of space construction. The study result showed that the design of John Pawson considered 'the suitability to a specific place' as important factor and furniture was planned at the stage of planning space. Each independent furniture defines all spaces in the morphological, lay-out and functional aspects of furniture and emphasizes their own property. As Spatial Furniture shares the function of spatial composition element, Pawson's furniture can be all called Spatial Furniture.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.151-181
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• 1998

This study purports to find out the meanings of chemotherapy among cancer patients. The subjects of this study were selected from those patients who have taken chemotherapy at least twice at a hospital affiliated with a university. The twelve subjects agreed to join the present study and had no problem in communication with others. The data were collected through observations and interviews by the researcher. The phenomenological analysis method proposed by Giorgi was adopted for analyzing the data. The experiences of the subjects to chemotherapy were classified into 24 atributes. These attributes were also categorized into four groups such as hope, pain, fear, and ordea according to their meanings. The subjects expressed hope through the attributes such as "the wish for a new life." "the wish for healing." "the plasure form improvement of cancer." "the wish for being discharged form a hospital." "the interest in dietectic treatment." and "the trust in medical staff." Pain was represented by such attributes as "the physical pain", "the suffering from intravenous injection." "the discomfort of hospital environment." and "the economic burden." As for the attributes represention fear, "fear of being hospitalized." "tehr obscurity of uncertain situations." "the fear of side effects." "the fear of recurrence of cancer," "the lack of knowledge of the disease." Finally, nine attributes werw frouped to ordeal "the will endeavouring to recover cancer" "the adaptation to the present situation." "the giving up of being healthy," "the regret of the past life." "the recognition of significant others." "the physical changes." "the emotional changes." "the social changes." "the recollection of illness experiences." The above findings indicate that chemotherapy means hope, pain, fear, and ordeal to those cancer patinests under treatment. Hence, the nursing interventions for those cancer patients need to be directed to maintaining hope, alleviating pain and fear, and overcoming ordeal. There are some suggestions in achieving these goals : (1) the nurses caring for cancer patients need to understand the meaning of chemotherapy experienced by those patients, (2) a nursing specialty of intravenous injection needs to be developed, (3) interventions for providing emotional support should be devised, (4) nursing care should also be available to those cancer patients being dischaged at home.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.109-116
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• 2018

Prairie style houses in first stages of Frank Lloyd Wright's architecture activity pay a leading role in the process of house modernization as reflecting social and economic circumstances of the time based on traditional house style of the States. Wright's first work after retiring from L. Sullivan's office, Winslow house in 1983 is pioneering work predicting prairie house. This is because this house has only one modern architecture language of Wright and follow no style prevailing of the time. So, a researcher analyse Winslow house within the framework of functional thinking and new formative value creation in the modernization process of western house. Through this, The goal of this study is to find out modern characteristics and the meaning of Winslow house in modernization process prior to the 1900s. Firstly, the followings are modern characteristics of Winslow house. First, Winslow house has original planning breaking from custom based on modern functional and reasonable thoughts, and has practical space reflecting resident's inner demand. Second, Winslow house has modern new plastic value through original exterior breaking from custom and integrated shape of inner-outer space and structure. Secondly, the followings are the meaning of Winslow house in modernization process prior to the 1900s. First, Wright intend to suggest directions of residence modernization through Winslow house before designing Prairie style houses in earnest. Second, mixing of modern vocabulary and eclecticism show a sign of residence modernization process on the time. Third, inner-outer flowing space, opening space concept of Winslow house has innovative meanings predicting spacial characteristics of modern architecture.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.131-145
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• 2013

The purposes of this research are : to analyze biotop type and carry out conservation value assessment in study areas, Daegu Science Park national industrial complex; to supply basic data for the landscape ecological planning; and to improve the application of assessment model with the development of Biotop Value Assessment Tool (B-VAT). The result is as follows. First of all, the field survey showed 434 species of flora and 220 species of insecta. According to the result of biotop type analysis in the biotop classification system with field survey, 13 biotope groups and 63 biotope types were classified. In the map of biotop type classification, readjusted farmland biotop(FA) was prevalent and forest biotop(E) was shown to the southeast side of the site. Next, according to the first assessment with B-VAT, total 19 biotop types including natural river(BA) with abundant plants had I grade and total 16 biotop types such as vegetable garden adjacent to river(BC) had V grade. In terms of the second assessment, we analyzed total 30 areas, total 82 areas, respectively, which had special meaning for the conservation of species and biotop(1a, 1b) and which had meaning for the conservation of species and biotop(2a, 2b, 2c). This research will be a basic data, which can solve the damage problem systematically and control it landscape-friendly with biotop classification and assessment which we developed. In particular, we expect that biotop value assessment tool(B-VAT) with GIS will be a great contribution to popularity compared with the value model by complicated algorism such as adding-matrix, weight and equal distribution. In addition, this will save the time and improve the accuracy for hand-counting.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.469-481
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to explore the parents and child relationship in traditional Korean society through the Korean classic novels. The Data were analyzed through latent content analysis in focusing on the parents and child relationship. Forty-six Korean classic novels written in Chosun Dynasty (from 1392 to 1910 AD) were chosen to analyze and they were represented the characteristic Confucian ideas. The sentences containing the expression of child-care and parent-child relationship were selected during intensive reading line by line and analyzed. Sixty-nine meaningful concepts were drawn out from 258 significant sentences by the similar meaning and common theme and classified as 3 categories and 11 sub-categories. The important parent-child relationship expressed in Korean traditional society were as follows: From the category of the Meaning of Child, 4 sub-categories were drawn; gift of heaven, successor of the family line, driving power of life, and rewards from the offspring. From the category of attitude to the child, 3 sub-categories were drawn; a notion of preferring a son to a daughter, close maternal-child relation, and expectation to the future of child. From the category of nurturing behavior, 4 subjects were drawn; Tae-Gyo(fetal education), affective behavior, socialization, and health management behavior. Above result helps to improve the basic understanding the relationship of parent and child in modern society. And by the understanding of child in the family, unhealthy relationship of parent and child can be prevented and furthermore family centered child health promotion can be achieved.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.75-81
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• 2019

In order to research the pathological entity of Jueyin disease in ${\ll}Shanghanlun{\gg}$, some sharing concept of three-yin-three-yang used in ${\ll}Neijing{\gg}$ and ${\ll}Shanghanlun{\gg}$ were investigated first, and then the meaning of jueyin and jueyin disease were analyzed. In cold damage disease, time-space factor is important because the pathological change is rapid and the symptoms along path are similar, therefore three-yin-three-yang having complex meaning of time and space can be used as an appropriate pathological concept. So to speak, it is able to be interpreted as various modes like variations of yin-yang, qi-blood, change of pulse condition, theories of opening, closing, pivot or exuberance and debilitation of form and qi manifested in the six districts of the human body following disease process. Jueyin is between front taiyin and rear shaoyin, and it's attribution is inherent in qi stagnation and yin exuberance in relative to the location of flank and liver. Putting together above descriptions, pathological entity of jueyin disease is that the symptoms mingled with cold and stagnant heat competing each other when a subject having qi stagnation in flank with cold in extremities and lower abdomen in particular is seized with cold influenza.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.87-99
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• 2020

This study was conducted to analyze the current state and symbolic meanings of floral emblem designation in local governments of South Korea. The scope of local governments subject to analysis was limited to special city, metropolitan city, province, self-governing province, city, self-governing city, county and district based on their administrative divisions. The floral emblems of local governments and their symbolic meanings as of 2019 were examined. A total of 44 plant species were designated as floral emblems. Many plant species with high designation frequency were included in Rhododendron spp., Rosa spp., Camellia spp., Magnolia spp., and Prunus spp.. Plant species with higher designation frequency tended to have more symbolic meanings. A total of 155 terms were used for the symbolic meanings assigned to all the designated floral emblems. The major symbolic meanings were relevant to material affluence or economic growth, community spirit, and personality generally required from local residents. Most of the plant species linked to the top 10 most frequently assigned terms in symbolic meaning were those of the top 10 most frequently designated floral emblems. In the case of floral emblems with high designation frequency, it was shown that they were linked with various symbolic meanings in order to grant identity with regional distinctiveness and differentiation, regardless of the symbolic meaning that the designated flowers generally have. However, the floral emblems with low designation frequency seem to have relatively strong physical or emotional relevance with local governments and thus are expected to have high utilization in regional branding and tourism marketing.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.56 no.9 s.109
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• pp.157-175
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• 2006

The purposes of this study are to establish a theoretical concept of nudism from sociocultural context, to examine its formative characteristics, to analyze the cultural meaning of nudism style showing in the 2000's fashion world, and to analyze and examine its aesthetic qualities. The way of a study was based on analysis and review on philosophy, aesthetics, sociology, popular culture and various documents at home and abroad and previous study and research materials about art and clothes for theoretical study. Also, we carried out a case study by analyzing photo data from fashion books, magazines and internet websites, considering the body and dress as visual objects. The summary and conclusions of this study are as follows: 1. Nudism of the sociocultural context was divided into change of understanding of the body and liberation of the body; naturalism; resistant culture; psychoanalysis context. 2. The formative characteristics of nudism style in fashion are classified in Exposure, Transparency and Body Conscious. 3. The cultural meaning of nudism style expressed in the 2000's fashion are sexual opening, surfeit of mass media, pursuit of naturalism, lookism, and individualism. 4. Nudism style expressed in 2000's fashion is drawn as three aesthetic qualities: Eroticism, Primitivism and Futurism. First, Eroticism of nudism style fashion which seeks for sexual stimulus is classified in Sensualism, Provocation and Innocence. Second, Primitivism of nudism style fashion which tends towards naturalism objecting to mechanic and digital civilization and hoping for return to the origin is classified in Primitivism, Naturalism and Sensualism as per aesthetics qualities. Futurism which is the nudism style presenting futuristic expression through using a new material is analyzed as High Technology, Cyber Sexism and functional Future.