• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1-8
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• 2018

Objectives : The aim of this study is to investigate the preventive effect of Puerariae Flos ethanol extract (PE) on methionin and choline deficient (MCD)-diet-induced Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in C57BL/6J mice. Methods : In the in vivo experiments, C57BL/6J mice were divided into 4 groups; Normal group, Control group, MCD+PE 100 group, and MCD+PE 300 group. After 4 weeks, body weight, liver weight, biochemical parameters for liver function test, histological changes, reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and Western blot were assessed. Results : Mice lost body weight with the MCD-diet and the MCD+PE 100 group and MCD+PE 300 groups lost less than the control group, though showed no statistical significance. Liver weights were decreased by the MCD diet, but MCD+PE 300 groups were increased significantly. In the liver function test, all the values were decreased with the MCD-diet, MCD+PE 100 group and MCD+PE 300 groups were increased significance. In histological findings of the livers, MCD-diet induced severe fatty accumulation in the livers, but this fatty change was reduced in the MCD+PE 100 group and MCD+PE 300 groups was inhibited respectively. In lipid accumulation factors (such as SREBP-1c, $C/EBP{\alpha}$, PPAR-${\gamma}$), MCD+PE 100 group and MCD+PE 300 groups showed inhibitory effect on liver lipogenesis by reducing associated gene expressions caused by MCD diet. Conclusions : We were able to know that Puerariae Flos ethanol extract (PE) shown hepatoprotective effects via a decrease on the hepatic lipogenesis factors in the experimental NAFLD Models.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.598-605
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• 2015

The cohesin complex holds sister chromatids together and prevents premature chromosome segregation until the onset of anaphase. Mcd1 (also known as Scc1), the α-kleisin subunit of cohesin, is a key regulatory subunit of the mitotic cohesin complex and is required for maintaining sister chromatid cohesion, chromosome organization, and DNA repair. We investigated the function of Mcd1 in meiosis by ectopically expressing Mcd1 during early meiotic prophase I in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mcd1 partially regulated the progression of meiotic recombination, sister chromatid separation, and nuclear division. DNA physical analysis during meiotic recombination showed that Mcd1 induced double-strand breaks (DSBs) but negatively regulated homologous recombination during DSB repair; Mcd1 expression delayed post-DSB stages, leading to inefficiencies in the DSB-to-joint molecule (JM) transition and subsequent crossover formation. These findings indicate that meiotic cells undergo Mcd1-mediated DSB formation during prophase I, and that residual Mcd1 could regulate the progression of JM formation during meiotic recombination.

• Yonsei Medical Journal
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• v.59 no.9
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• pp.1064-1071
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• 2018

Purpose: To explore the influence of S100 calcium binding protein A4 (S100A4) knockout (KO) on methionine-choline-deficient (MCD) diet-induced non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in mice. Materials and Methods: S100A4 KO mice (n=20) and their wild-type (WT) counterparts (n=20) were randomly divided into KO/MCD, Ko/methionine-choline-sufficient (MCS), WT/MCD, and WT/MCS groups. After 8 weeks of feeding, blood lipid and liver function-related indexes were measured. HE, Oil Red O, and Masson stainings were used to observe the changes of liver histopathology. Additionally, expressions of S100A4 and proinflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines were detected by qRT-PCR and Western blot, while hepatocyte apoptosis was revealed by TUNEL staining. Results: Serum levels of aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, triglyceride, and total cholesterol in mice were increased after 8-week MCD feeding, and hepatocytes performed varying balloon-like changes with increased inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fibers; however, these effects were improved in mice of KO/MCD group. Meanwhile, total NAFLD activity scores and fibrosis were lower compared to WT+MCD group. Compared to WT/MCS group, S100A4 expression in liver tissue of WT/MCD group was enhanced. The expression of proinflammatory ($TGF-{\alpha}$, $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6) and profibrogenic cytokines ($TGF-{\beta}1$, COL1A1, ${\alpha}-SMA$) in MCD-induced NAFLD mice were increased, as well as apoptotic index (AI). For MCD group, the expressions of proinflammatory and profibrogenic cytokines and AI in KO mice were lower than those of WT mice. Conclusion: S100A4 was detected to be upregulated in NAFLD, while S100A4 KO alleviated liver fibrosis and inflammation, in addition to inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.575-578
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• 1995

X-ray magnetic-circular-dichroism (MCD) spectra, orbital ($$) and spin magnetic moments ($$) for Co(110) monolayers a free standing mode or sandwiched between Pd(Pd/1Co/Pd)and Cu layers (Cu/1Co/Cu) are calculated using the thin film full potential linearized augmented plane wave energy band method. In contrast to the double peak structure predicted for the Co(0001) surface, only a minor side peak is found in the MCD spectra for Cu/Co/Cu, while MCD spectra for the other systems show a single peak structure. The MCD sum rules originally derived from a single ion model are found in the band approach to be valid for the systems investigated. However, for the spin sum rule, the magnetic dipole term ($$) is not negligible and needs to be included.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.187-191
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• 2006

Purpose : Malformation of cortical development(MCD) constitutes an important etiology of intractable epilepsy and is considered an indication for surgical treatments, though their efficacy is limited and variable depending on MCD's location or distribution. Ketogenic diets are widely known to be effective, but as little study has been made concerning their efficacy on epilepsy with MCD, we evaluated the efficacy of ketogenic diets on MCD patients compared with that of epileptic surgery, which is more invasive. Methods : We performed retrospective studies and analyse on 30 patients with MCD diagnosed by brain MRI and treated with ketogenic diets for intractable epilepsy since 1998, checking decreases in their seizure episodes after starting the diets. Results : Cortical dysplasia was observed in 24(80.0 percent) patients as the most common type of MCD. Also, MCD was observed in unilateral hemisphere most commonly, in 23(76.7 percent) patients; it was observed in both hemispheres in 7(23.3 percent) patients. Nine(30.0 percent) out of 30 patients became seizure-free after starting ketogenic diets, and 14(46.7 percent) patients experienced 50 percent seizure reductions as well. Age of starting the diet or the duration of epilepsy period before starting showed no statistical relationship with the efficacy of the diet. Though the younger the patient and the longer the treatment the more effective the diet seemed to be, there was no statistical correlation between them. The location of MCD showed no significance neither. Conclusion : Considering various limits and invasiveness of surgical treatment, a ketogenic diet could be a good tool in treating children with intractable epilepsy with MCD.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.276-279
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• 1995

This paper is re;ated to the splits at the side of chips and the changes of surface roughness according to cutting conditions in precsion cutting. Compared with MCD, the surface roughness of workpiece cut by PCD was inferior at a small feed. But, there were no significant difference between MCD and PCD tool above a certain feed in surface roughness

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2014

The design of a 7 degree of freedom motion capture device(MCD) has been presented. The newly designed MCD overcomes the shortcomings of the existing CADEN-7 exoskeleton robot by implementing various ergonomic design. To improve ease of operation, light-weight high-strength materials such as carbon pipes and engineering plastics were used to reduce weight of the MCD and arm-length adjustment mechanism was also added. The MCD showed consistent measurement results in designed experiments involving change of arm posture from nominal configuration to either elbow-side or arm-front configurations. Furthermore, captured motion in more natural tennis swing appeared to agree well with visual observations made.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.75-85
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• 2015

This study investigates the impact of livestock diseases, including FMD(foot-and-mouth disease) and MCD(mad-cow disease), on pork demand in Korea. TV news stories about the livestock diseases were considered as negative advertising, and therefore the carry-over effect of negative advertising was combined with the pork demand model in conjunction with an exponential distributed lag function. The asymmetry hypothesis was imposed, however it was accepted that demand response does not show different sensitivities to increases and decreases in the livestock disease news. FMD news had a negative effect on pork demand, whereas MCD news had a positive effect, yet FMD news had a greater effect on pork demand than MCD news. The pork demand elasticity estimates for FMD and MCD news were -0.0071 and 0.0028, respectively. The cross-elasticity of the imported beef price to pork demand was highly inelastic, but it was elastic during the beef import embargo.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.17-23
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• 2022

Recently, several studies are being conducted to achieve a curvature of 180° or more for the edge of the display glass. The thermocompression molding process is applied to the manufacture of curved glass, and high hardness G5 graphite is used as the mold material to withstand the impact applied to the mold. G5 graphite has high hardness and strong brittleness, which makes tool wear and surface damage easy during machining. Therefore, the demand for diamond-coated tools with good mechanical properties is increasing in the G5 machining field. In this study, the optimal cutting conditions and machinability of a nanodiamond (NCD) coated ball end mill being developed by a tool manufacturer were analyzed and evaluated. For this purpose, the same test was performed on the microdiamond (MCD) coated ball end mill and compared together. In summary, the machinability of MCD and NCD coated tools showed better cutting performance at a cutting speed of 282 m/min, a feed rate of 1,400 mm/min, and a radial depth of cut of 0.08 to 0.1 mm.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.276-286
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• 2020

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a chronic liver disease associated with multiple metabolic disorders. The medicinal plant Curcuma longa L. is widely distributed in Asia and has been used to treat a spectrum diseases in clinical practice. To date, there are inadequate reports of the effects of C. longa 50% EtOH extract (CE) on NAFLD. Therefore, in this study, we evaluate the CE on an NAFLD animal and elucidate the mechanism of action. Methods and Results: C57BL/6J mice fed a methionine-choline deficient diet (MCD) were treated with CE or milk thistle, and changes in inflammation and stetosis were assessed. Experimental animals were divided into six group (n = 10); Normal, MCD, MCD + CE 50 mg/kg/day (CE 50), MCD + CE 100 mg/kg/day (CE 100), MCD + CE 150 mg/kg/day (CE 150), and the Control, MCD + Milk thistle 150 mg/kg/day (MT 150). Body weight, liver weight, liver function, and histological changes were assessed in experimental animals. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses were performed on samples collected after 4 weeks of treatment. We observed that CE administration improved MCD-diet-induced lipid accumulation, and triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in serum. Treatment with CE also decreased hepatic lipogenesis through modulation of the sterol regulatory element binding protein-1 (SREBP-1), CCAAT-enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) expresion. In addition, the use of CE increased adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation and inhibited the up-regulation of toll-like receptor (TLR)-2 and TLR-4 signaling and the production of inflammatory mediators. Conclusions: In this report, we observed that CE regulated lipid accumulation in an MCD dietinduced NAFLD model by decreasing lipogenesis. These data suggeste that CE could effectively protect mice against MCD-induced NAFLD, by inhibiting the TLR-2 and TLR-4 signaling cascades.