• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.691-698
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate how herb extracts may improve blood circulation. Twenty-six extracts from nine different herbs (marjoram, lavender, dill, rosemary, hyssop, rose, lemon balm, pineapple sage, and echinacea) were evaluated for their anti-hypertensive effects via angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition. Their cholesterol-lowering effects via hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibition and their fibrinolytic activity via fibrin-plate method were also evaluated. Both water extraction of rose flowers and 70% EtOH extraction of pineapple sage leaves effectively reduced the ACE activity with inhibition rates of 133.8% and 91.2%, respectively. Similarly, both water and 70% EtOH extracts of rose flowers strongly inhibited the enzymatic activity of HMG-CoA reductase by 48.9% and 80.5%, respectively. Water and 70% EtOH extracts of rose flowers also showed relatively high fibrinolytic activity. Based on these observations, rose flower extracts can be developed as a functional tool for use in the improvement of blood circulation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.196-196
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• 2017

Oilseed crop Camelina (Camelina sativa L.) is a suitable for biodiesel production that has high adaptability under low-nutrient condition like marginal land and requires low-input cost for cultivation. Enhanced abiotic stress tolerance of Camelina is very important for oil production under the wide range of different climate. CsRCI2s (Rare Cold Inducible 2) are related proteins in various abiotic stresses that predicted to localized at plasma membrane (PM) and endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These proteins are consist of eight-family that can be divided into tail (CsRCI2D/E/F/G) and no-tail (CsRCI2A/B/E/H) type of C-terminal. However, it is still less understood the function of C-terminal tail. In this study, CsRCI2D/H genes were cloned through gateway cloning system that used pCB302-3 as destination vector. And we used agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for generation of overexpression (OX) transformants. Overexpression of target gene was confirmed using RT-PCR and segregation ratio on selection media. We analyzed physiological response in media and soil under abiotic stresses using CsRCI2D and CsRCI2H overexpression plant. To compare abiotic stresses tolerance, wild type and CsRCI2D/H OX line seeds were sown on agar plate treated with various NaCl and mannitol concentration for 7 days. In the test of growth rate under abiotic stress on media, CsRCI2H OX line showed similar to NaCl and mannitol stress. In the other hand, CsRCI2D OX line showed to be improved stress tolerance that especially increased in 200mM NaCl but was similar on mannitol media. In greenhouse, WT and CsRCI2D/H OX lines for physiological analysis and productivity under abiotic stresses were treated 100, 150, 200mM NaCl. Then it was measured various parameters such as leaf width and length, plant height, total seed weight, flower number, seed number. CsRCI2H OX line in greenhouse did not show any changes in physiological parameters but CsRCI2D OX line was improved both physiological response and productivity under NaCl stress. Among physiological parameters of CsRCI2D OX line under NaCl stress, leaf length and width were observed shorter than WT but it were slightly longer than WT in 200mM NaCl stress. Furthermore, total seed weight of CsRCI2D OX line under stress displayed to decrease than WT in normal condition, but it was gradually raised with increasing NaCl stress then more than WT relatively. These results suggested CsRCI2D might be contribute to improve abiotic stress tolerance. However, function of CsRCI2H is need to more detail study. In conclusion, overexpression of CsRCI2s family can generate various environmental stress tolerance plant and may improve crop productivity for bio-energy production.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2013

The photosynthetic rates according to leaf positions in tomato plants were investigated in relation to leaf age and flowering rate. In the experiment investigating the diurnal change of photosynthetic rates, three leaves below the 4th cluster was checked every hour from 2 hours before sunrise and 3 hours after sunset. It was checked twice with the replication of 3 plants. The photosynthetic rate increased sharply for 1 hour right after sunrise and remained steady until 2 hours before sunset. This trend can be applied to determine the irrigation schedule. In the experiment investigating the photosynthetic rates according to leaf positions, it three leaves below each clusters from 1st to 4th cluster were checked. Flowering rate was also investigated. The photosynthetic rates showed a decreasing tendency steadily after flowers bloomed fully, regardless of the leaf position. It seems to be because the leaves below the cluster with fully-bloom flowers lost their activities. This result suggests the flowering rate or the position of flower has deep relation with the photosynthetic rates of the concerned leaves. From the results the leaves under flowering cluster may be the good part to investigate the photosynthetic rate to evaluate the crop's activity, even the photosynthetic rates are different according to the position of clusters.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.282-287
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• 1999

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of different soil texture in agronomic characteristics, root yield and quality of baloon flower (Platycodon grandiflorum A. DC.). Three kinds of soil texture, sandy loam, silt loam and clay loam, were tested for two years. Baloon flowers were seeded with 20cm row space and cultivated in the one square meter pot with 0. 6m depth. Fifty plants per pot were remained. In growth characteristics of one-year-old plants, shooting date was not significantly different according to the changes of soil texture. The ratio of stem growth was highest between July and August. In two-years-old plants, it was showed between May and June. Plants grown on clay loam showed the highest growing characteristics than those of other soil textures. Dry root weight cultivated on clay loam was 274kg/10a in one-year-old and 934kg/10a in two-years-old plants. The content of ethanol extracts from root was highest at those of sandy loam as 47.1 % in one-year-old root. The crude saponin content was not different significantly among the three kinds of soil texture.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2014

Flos Sophorae, the dried flower bud of Sophora japonica L, possesses anti-inflammatory properties, prevents and treats blood capillary and hypertension diseases and can also be used as a hemostat. However, the effect of Flos Sophorae on breast cancer invasion is unknown. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), which degrades the extracellular matrix, is a major component in cancer cell invasion. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effect of Flos Sophorae extract (FSE) on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and cell invasion, as well as the molecular mechanisms involved in Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) cells. FSE inhibited the TPA-induced transcriptional activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$). These results indicate that FSE-mediated inhibition of TPA-induced MMP-9 expression and cell invasion involves the suppression of NF-${\kappa}B$ pathway in MCF-7 cells. Thus, FSE may have therapeutic potential for controlling breast cancer invasiveness.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.296-302
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• 2014

The foliage of variegated Solomon's seal is excellent in cut flower arrangements. However, it has a restricted marketing period because the harvesting is limited in spring and summer. The increased interest requires the year-round production, thus techniques for dormancy breaking and forcing without low temperature treatment is needed. Therefore, experiments were conducted to d etermine whether gibberellic acid (GA) could break dormancy in variegated Solomon's seal. Thes prouting of dormant bud did not occur throughout the experiment when $GA_3$ $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was applied to dormant rhizomes as a soil drench. However, when plants were treated with a GA drench after scratch with razor blade or were given direct injection of GA, percent sprouting was increased up to 100 or 83.3%, respectively. However, because treatments with razor or syringe may damage internal organs, we tested another method, scarifying the rhizomes with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl). Rhizome scarification with 4% NaOCl for 6 or 24 hours followed by drench of $GA_3$ $400mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ increased the dormancy breaking percentage to 70 or 86.7%, respectively. Moreover, scarified and GA-treated rhizomes produced more leaves than untreated or GA-soil drenched plants in the glasshouse. These results showed the possibility of year-round production of variegated Solomon's seal foliage with rhizome scarification and GA treatments.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.159-168
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• 1996

The major morphological characteristics of 97 lines selected from 1,510 local collection lines of Paeonia spp. were studied and classified into some groups according to their Q correlation. The Coefficient of Variation of 8 characteristics in 97 lines varied greatly with the range from 21.3% to 127.1%. The 22 lines with useful morphological characteristics selected from 97 lines had 2n=10 chromosomes, in which there were no difference among the number of chromosomes of 22 lines. The 97 lines were classified into 14 groups based upon the results of Q correlation analysis obtained from data with 16 quantitative factors; Group III and group VI were divided into two sub-groups. Group I was large flowered lines with a single flower, Group IIIa, doubled flowered lines, Group VII, late maturing lines and Group IX, early maturing lines flowering in 17th May. Group VIII were dwarf type lines which has the shortest stem length and leaf length among 14 groups, which are suitable for potted plants. Group XIII had a lot of stems per plant and a large type leaf with leaf length and width. A needle-type leaf was found in Group X, whereas a wide and oval-type leaf in group XII.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.227-231
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• 1998

Flowering characteristics and optimal harvest time for seed of wasabi variety. Daruma, were investigated from Dec. 1995 to June 1996 in film house of Suwon. The number of peduncle was $10.2{\pm}2.29$ and most of the peduncle emerged between Jan. 20 and Feb. 10. Average peduncle length was $124{\pm}29.60cm$ and the peduncle grew most rapidly in the middle of march. Flowering started on Jan. 27 and lasted until June 4 with a peak at march 21 and flowering period was $99{\pm}21.32$ days. Flowers which bloomed later than the middle of March set seed but those bloomed earlier became sterile because days with minimum temperature below freezing occurred until the middle of March. Maturing period was $37.5{\pm}2.60$ days and total seed set was $43.2{\pm}8.77%$ in the natural culture condition. Optimal harvest time for seed was the last ten days of May and seed yield per $m^2$ was $79.0{\pm}19.94g%$(11,177 seeds).

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.155-162
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• 2007

The purpose of this study is to investigate the anti type I allergic effects and mechanisms of the phyto extract mixture (PEM381) which contains Camellia sinensis (leaf), Psidium guajava (leaf), and Rosa hybrida (flower). PEM381 was tested for its inhibitory effects on arachidonic acid cascade related enzymes (5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase), the mast cell mediated allergic reaction and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis. $IC_{50}$ value of PEM381 against 5-lipoxygenase was $14.11{\pm}0.51ppm$ while that of positive control (nordihy-droguaiaretic acid) was $0.54{\pm}0.08ppm$. PEM381 also exhibited considerable selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2. PEM381 could inhibit both degranulation and histamine release in a dose dependent manner from rat peritoneal mast cells activated by compound 48/80. In addition, oral administration of PEM381 showed an inhibitory effect on passive cutaneous anaphylaxis reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl IgE antibody in mice. These results suggest that PEM381 may be useful for the prevention and treatment of type Ⅰ allergy related diseases.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.1079-1085
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• 2011

We investigated the biological activities of extracts from the flowers of Angelica gigas Nakai. The $IC_{50}$ of the DPPH radical scavenging activity was 3,535 and 105.0 ${\mu}g/mL$ in the water and ethanol extracts, respectively, whereas it was 12.7 ${\mu}g/mL$ for ascorbic acid. The results showed that the total polyphenol content of the ethanol extracts (48.43${\pm}$0.18 mg/g) was higher than that of the water extracts (39.03${\pm}$0.69 mg/g). The flavonoid content of the ethanol extracts (67.02${\pm}$4.38 mg/g) was higher than that of the water extracts (50.32${\pm}$1.24 mg/g). The ethanol extract showed a 34.45% lower ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity than that for acarbose. The ethanol extract showed a 23.62% lower ${\alpha}$-amylase inhibition activity compared with that for acarbose. The water extract showed 16.76% lower pancreatic lipase inhibition activity. Anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory activity was also lower. These results suggest that the flower of Angelica gigas Nakai may be useful as an anti-oxidative agent.