• ALGAE
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.203-215
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• 2014

As global warming continues over the coming century, marine organisms will experience a warmer, more acidic ocean. Although these stressors may behave antagonistically or synergistically and will impact organisms both directly (i.e., physiologically) and indirectly (i.e., through altered species interactions), few studies have examined the complexities of these effects in combination. To address these uncertainties, we examined the independent and combined effects of elevated temperature and $pCO_2$ on the physiology of the adult sporophyte stage of giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera, and the grazing of the purple sea urchin Strongylocentrotus purpuratus. While elevating $pCO_2$ alone had no effect on M. pyrifera growth or photosynthetic carbon uptake, elevating temperature alone resulted in a significant reduction in both. However, when M. pyrifera was grown under elevated temperature and $pCO_2$ together, growth and photosynthetic carbon uptake significantly increased relative to ambient conditions, suggesting an interaction of these factors on photosynthetic physiology. S. purpuratus held under future conditions generally exhibited reduced growth, and smaller gonads than urchins held under present-day conditions. However, urchins fed kelp grown under future conditions showed higher growth rates, partially ameliorating this effect. Feeding rates were variable over the course of the experiment, with only the first feeding rate experiment showing significantly lower rates for urchins held under future conditions. Together, these data suggest that M. pyrifera may benefit physiologically from a warmer, more acidic (i.e., higher $pCO_2$) ocean while S. purpuratus will likely be impacted negatively. Given that kelp-urchin interactions can be important to kelp forest structure, changes to either of these populations may have serious consequences for many coastal environments.

• Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.31-59
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• 2011

This paper examines university patenting activities as a commercialization of academic research. It shows how a number of university patents increase exponentially and how that can be, especially in terms of role of the state. In the late 1990, the Korean government supports the new vision of 'technological innovation' in establishing a science and technological policy and begins to perceive the importance of university R&D to overcome the economic crisis. Thus, an administrative, financial, and legal systems which support the university R&D are organized and the governmental grants for R&D increase exponentially, especially in promising new technologies(6T). Also, an institution for managing intellectual property rights is established in university. Universities assess professor's performance in terms of patent and license to encourage patenting activities. Thus the number of patents and its productivity increase exponentially. But the increase in patents takes place only to a dozen of universities, this means that a Matthew effect does work.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.515-518
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• 2002

The method of foam fractionation can be applied to enrich proteins from a dilute protein solution if the proteins are hydrophobic and foam. If a protein, such as invertase, is hydrophilic, a dilute solution containing this protein may not foam. In that case, a batch foam fractionation process may not be appropriate for recovering a concentrated solution of that protein. In this paper, various concentrations of invertase were added to a dilute solution containing bromelain (a hydrophobic protein), in order to determine how the presence of a hydrophilic protein can affect the recovery of the desired hydrophobic protein. The effect of invertase on bromelain recovery was studied here at an initial bulk solution pH of 5 and an air superficial velocity of 4.6 cm/s.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.21-27
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• 2000

To develop the underfill materials which are required for the new process of semi-conductor industry, the properties of epoxy/anhydride/cobalt(II) catalyst system with two types of fused silica(1 $\mu\textrm{m}$, 8 $\mu\textrm{m}$) are studied as a function of filler fraction. According to the curing profile, the optimum catalyst amount was 1.0 wt% for full curing at the conditions of $160^{\circ}C$/l5 min., and we could conclude that the viscosity has superior effect on the real flaw through the relationship between surface tension and viscosity data. The underfills which were filled with 1 $\mu\textrm{m}$ fused silica did not show good flowability, but they should be useful by improving the viscosity for a future process which has small gaps. The underfills which were filled with 8 $\mu\textrm{m}$ fused silica showed good flowability when the filler contents were 55~60 vol%. The model which was referred by Matthew can predict the real flow length only when the underfill has high viscosity and low surface tension.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.261-265
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• 1995

Methane flux from a rice paddy in Korea was measured to study the effects of water management and rice straw application on methane emission under different water managements ; flooding and intermittent irrigation, and with or without rice straw application. Methane emission ranged from 0.066 to $0.455g\;CH_4m^{-2}d^{-1}$. Intermittent irrigation has shown a mitigation effect of methane emission, 70% in NPK plot and 47% in NPK plus rice straw plot, relative to that of flooding. Methane emission from Korean paddy was estimated as 399,590tons per year assuming that paddy fields were managed under intermittent irrigation and rice straw application. This estimation was lower than that of OECD's by 56%, Neue's by 51%, and Matthew's by 62%, while higher than that of Taylor's by 118%.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2003

Foam fractionation can be used to enrich a hydrophobic protein such as bromelain from an aerated dilute protein solution because the protein foams. On the other hand, a protein such as invertase, which is hydrophilic, is not likely to foam under similar aerated conditions. While a foam fractionation process may not be appropriate for recovering a hydrophilic protein alone, it is of interest to see how that non-foaming protein affects the foaming protein when the two are together in a mixture. The bromelain enrichment, activity and mass recovery were observed as a function of the solution pH in order to explore how invertase can affect the recovery of bromelain in a foam fractionation process.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.11 no.7
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• pp.615-621
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• 2001

We carried out the kinetic model calculations in order to estimate the nucleation rates for two kinds of half-loop dislocations in highly strained hetero-epitaxial growths; $60^{\circ}$dislocations and twinning dislocations. The surface defects and the stress concentration effects were considered in this model, and the remaining elastic strain of the epilayers with increasing film thickness was taken into account by using the modified Matthews' relation. The calculations showed that the stress concentration effect at surface imperfections is very important for describing the defect generation in highly mismatched epitaxial growth. This work also showed that the stress concentration effect determined the type of dislocation nucleating dominantly at early growth stages in accordance with our XTEM (cross-section transmission electron microscopy) defect observation.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.2
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• pp.655-665
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• 2024

The objective of the present experimental study is to investigate the effect of inlet throttling on the thermohydraulic stability of a large scale water-based Reactor Cavity Cooling System (RCCS). The test was performed using the water-based Natural convection Shutdown heat removal Test Facility (NSTF) at Argonne, which represented a ½ axial scale and 12.5° sector slice of the full scale Framatome 625 MW_t SC-HTGR RCCS concept. A two-phase steady state was first established through direct condensate refill, followed by increased inlet throttling over 10 stages, corresponding to a loss coefficient K over the range of 0.05-653. With the inlet throttling gradually increased, the system experienced a unique transition process between stabilization and destabilization. Through a stability analysis, three instability mechanisms were identified in the present test, including a compound mechanism due to both natural circulation oscillations (NCOs) and density wave oscillations (DWOs), Type-II DWOs, and geysering.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.357-365
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• 2023

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of concomitant open distal clavicle excision (DCE) on postoperative clinical outcomes and incidence of acromial and scapular stress fractures (ASFs) in patients with symptomatic acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis (ACJ OA) undergoing reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA). Methods: A single-surgeon retrospective cohort study was conducted including patients who underwent primary elective RTSA with or without DCE from 2015 to 2019 with a minimum 6-month follow-up period. Shoulder active range of motion (AROM) and visual analog scale (VAS) pain were recorded preoperatively and postoperatively. ASFs and other adverse events were identified using postoperative notes and/or radiographs. Characteristics and outcomes were compared between the RTSA and RTSA-DCE groups. Results: Forty-six RTSA patients (mean age, 67.9±8.7 years; 60.9% male; mean follow-up, 24.9±16.6 months) and 70 RTSA-DCE patients (mean age, 70.2±8.9 years; 20.0% male; mean follow-up, 22.7±12.9 months) were included. There were no significant intergroup differences in rates of ASF (RTSA, 0.0% vs. RTSA-DCE, 1.4%; P=1.00), stress reactions (RTSA, 8.7% vs. RTSA-DCE, 11.4%; P=0.76), reoperation, revision, or infection (all P>0.05), or in pre-to-postoperative reduction in VAS pain (P=0.17) at latest follow-up. However, the RTSA-DCE group had greater pre-to-postoperative improvement in flexion AROM (RTSA, 43.7°±38.5° vs. RTSA-DCE, 59.5°±33.4°; P=0.03) and internal rotation (IR) AROM (P=0.02) at latest follow-up. Conclusions: Concomitant DCE in RTSA improves shoulder flexion and IR AROM, alleviates shoulder pain, and does not increase the risk of ASFs. Level of evidence: III.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.261-267
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• 2018

This paper discusses a study of cement mortar reinforced with Graphene Oxide (GO) flakes carried out at the University of Plymouth. Over 60 specimens were prepared and tested to obtain the tensile, compressive and flexural strengths of cement mortar with/without 0.5% GO flakes by weight of cement. The dispersion of the GO flakes and the effect of the use of polycarboxylate ether superplasticizer (0.2% by weight of cement) on the material strength are discussed. Images of the particle sizes of GO are presented from the transmission electron microscopy analysis. In addition, the images from the field emission scanning electron microscope analysis are also presented to show the difference of the microscopic structure of cement mortar with/without GO. The results of the strength tests are presented. It is shown that the inclusion of the GO flakes in general led to positive results, which suggest that GO improved the tensile, compressive and flexural strengths of cement mortar.