• 대한용접접합학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한용접접합학회 2002년도 Proceedings of the International Welding/Joining Conference-Korea
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• pp.361-365
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• 2002

Advancements in silicon phase control (SCR) technologies provide an arc welding power supply that has the capability to allow the alteration of the Alternating Current (AC) welding output. These technologies provide a square wave output involving sixteen frequency selections and multiple balance selections. While an AC out put is known to minimize magnetic disturbances associate with Direct Current (DC), the potentials of a non-sinusoidal waveform have not been explored. The focus of the paper is to determine the effects that the frequency and balance of an AC wave form output will have upon a high speed Submerge Arc (SAW) application. The test matrix of the project includes welding .250" steel plate. Joint type is square groove with a travel speed of 65 IPM. Each of the weld parameters was held constant, only the frequency and/or balance were altered between welds. Each frequency/balance combination involved three-gap spacing. Upon completion of the welds the bead profiles were measured and recorded. A relationships/trends were observed with various frequency and balance values. Optimum frequency and balance values were found for the .250" square groove application which permit consistent weld sizing, ease of slag removal, and minimal plate distortion.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.19-26
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• 1985

This study was carried out to develop a versatile data acquisition/processing system for overall tractor performance utilizing a NEC PC-8001 microcomputer. The data acquisition system measures drawbar pull and power, wheel torque and axle power, ground speed, wheel slip, fuel flow, and engine speed. The system stores hexadecimal data for these variables in memory. Upon completion of each test run, all hexadecimal data stored in memory are recorded on floppy disc. The data processing system reads in the data collected on floppy disc and interprete them using several graphical and statistical techniques. The system uses the same microcomputer and a dot-matrix printer. The data acquisition system has been installed on a GOLDSTAR 500 tractor (2WD, 50 ps). A field study has shown that tractor performance data can be quickly and easily collected. It also appeared that the data processing system can be used to efficiently analyze the collected data. The data acquisition system has some troublesome in mounting and handling on tractor since it uses a general-purpose computer consisting of several components.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.179-184
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• 2021

Women attach great importance to the presence of a three-dimensional nipple upon completion of the breast reconstruction process. To meet patients' expectations, nipple-areolar complex reconstruction should achieve symmetry in position, size, shape, texture, and color, as well as minimizing donor-site morbidity. However, it is well known that regardless of the reconstructive technique, loss of nipple projection can be reasonably expected. We developed and evaluated a quick, simple, and innovative technique using injectable Integra Flowable Wound Matrix to increase nipple projection after reconstruction. Twenty breast cancer patients who underwent nipple reconstruction resulting in unsatisfactory projection were enrolled in our retrospective study. Nipple projection was measured at the time of surgery and after 6 and 12 months. A visual analogue scale was used to assess patients' satisfaction. Our technique yielded reliable results in terms of the long-lasting maintenance of nipple projection. This method is high-priced, but cost-effective, since one kit may suffice for three patients. Furthermore, our patients were very appreciative of this technique as a single-step, minimally invasive, painless procedure with no reported necessity of re-intervention.

• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2004

최근 고기능성 화장품이 출시되면서 기능성 원료가 빛, 열, 산소에 매우 불안정하여 다양한 방법으로 안정성을 높이려고 연구되어 지고 있다. 특히, 카테킨은 주름 개선에 탁월한 원료이지만 빛, 열, 산소에 매우 불안정하다. 본 연구에서는 카테킨을 3Dimension화 하여 안정성 및 피부 침투를 높였다. 1 dimension으로 sol-gel method로 실리카를 다공성으로 만들어서 다공성 부문에 카테킨을 흡착시킨다. 2 dimension으로 다공성 실리카에 흡착디어진 카테킨을 non-phospholipid 베지클을 이용하여 solid lipid nanoparticle(SLN)을 만든다. 마지막으로 3dimension은 SLN되어진 카테킨을 skin lipid matrix를 이용하여 lameller phase self organization시킨다. 3 Dimension-카테킨은 일반적인 리포좀에 비해 빛과 열에 대한 color 안정성을 chromameter로 측정한 결과 5-10배 더 안정하였으며, HPLC 분석 결과 카테킨의 생존율이 3-5배 더 개선되었다. 또한 penetration effect를 측정한 결과 일반 리포좀보다 더 깊게 침투되었다. Wrinkle reduction effect를 한달 후에 측정한 결과 일반 리포좀보다 주름이 현저하게 감소되었다. 이러한 여러 가지 실험을 위해서 Laser light scattering system, cryo-SEM, chroma meter, HPLC, image analyzer, microfludizer 등을 사용하였다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.235-245
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• 2011

기존 보고된 귤응애 온도발육자료를 이용하여 온도발육 관련 매개변수 값을 추정하고 개체군 동태 추정에 필요한 행렬모형을 작성하였다. 귤응애 발육영점온도는 알 $8.4^{\circ}C$, 유충 $9.9^{\circ}C$, 제 1약충 $9.2^{\circ}C$, 제 2약충 $10.9^{\circ}C$ 이었으며, 발육완료에 필요한 적산온도는 각각 113.6, 29.1, 29.8, 33.4일도(DD)로 추정되었다. 귤응애 각 발육단계별 비선형 발육모형을 수립하였으며 또한 산란모형 작성에 필요한 온도별 총산란수 모형, 연령별 누적산란율모형, 연령별 생존율 모형의 매개변수 값을 각각 추정하였다. 귤응애 연령군을 알, 유충, 제 1약충, 제 2약충, 성충 등 5단계로 구분하여 행렬모형을 작성하였다. 전환행렬의 구성요소인 다음 발육단계로 전이확률 또는 잔존확률은 각 발육단계의 발육률 함수를 이용하였다. 또한 성충의 산란계수는 해당온도에서 성충수명 완료율과 총산란수의 곱으로 추정하였다. 수립된 행렬모형의 포장적합 능력을 평가하기 위하여 실제 감귤원에서 조사된 귤응애 실측밀도와 행렬모형으로 추정한 개체군 밀도를 비교하였다(2004년). 계절 초기 저온기와 계절중후기 고온기에 모형결과를 실측치와 비교한 결과 알 및 성충 개체군은 계절초 및 중후기 모두 약 30일까지 큰 차이가 없었다. 따라서 본 개발된 행렬모형을 이용하여 30일 내외의 단기간 동안 귤응애의 개체군밀도 증가를 예측할 수 있을 것으로 기대되었다.

• 철학연구
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• 제147권
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• pp.117-146
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• 2018

이 논문은 인공지능시대에도 종교는 가능한가, 오직 인간만이 종교신앙의 주체일 수 있는가, 인간의 마음을 탑재한 초지능기계들도 신앙의 주체일 수 있는가를 다룬다. 초지능기계들이 인간과 동일한 조건에서 신앙의 주체가 되려면, 인간의 고유한 특성인 감정, 의지, 자의식 등을 가질 수 있어야 한다. '특이점' 이후의 초지능기계들은 종교신앙의 주체를 넘어서서, 신과 같은 존재로서 인간과 자연과 세계를 지배하게 될 것이다. 이는 모라벡, 커즈와일, 하라리의 공통된 견해이다. 칸트가 구상한 '순수이성의 이념'과 '실천이성의 요청'으로서 신 개념은 제시 베링이 앞서 말한 것처럼 '간극의 신'처럼 보일 수 있다. 종교적 신앙 주체는 항상 도덕적인 선을 행하려고 부단하게 노력해야 하지만, 그런 노력 자체만으로는 완전선(完全善)에 도달할 수 없기 때문에 영혼불멸성을 요청하였다. 그러나 특이점을 넘어서 출현한 초지능기계가 지능폭발로 신적 지위를 가질 수 있다면, 인공지능로봇은 칸트적인 의미에서 종교적 수행을 불필요하게 여길 것이다. 에른스트 블로흐의 경우에는 초지능기계가 신적 존재라고 하더라도, 그것이 악신인가 선신인가를 비판적으로 물어야 한다. 칸트의 매트릭스에서는 선신일 수 있는 초지능기계가 블로흐의 매트릭스에서는 악신으로 추락할 수도 있다. 따라서 초지능기계-신이 우리를 유일한 종교신앙의 완성으로 이끌어 가는지, 인류와 지구촌의 몰락으로 내몰아갈 것인지를 부단하게 비판적으로 성찰해야 한다.

• 한국비블리아학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.102-131
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• 1974

The author's thesis is that the types used for the large-sized characters seen in the two metal type-printed books "Kyosik chubopop karyong"(交食推步法假令) and "Yok-hak kemong yohae"(易學啓蒙要解) both printed in 1458 belong to a new metal font hitherto unnamed. The former book was compiled by Yi Sun-ji(李純之) and Kim Sok-je(金石梯) in January of 1458 in accordance to King Sejo's order. A new font was created to be used for the large-sized characters of the book. Several. months after completion of the compilation, the book was printed with mixed use of the new font and the Kabin-ja(甲寅字) for medium- and small-sized characters. The latter book had been written by King Sejo before his accession to the throne. Ascending the throne the king had his scholar-subjects examine the writing to correct it where necessary. The examination was completed in July of 1458 and printing was immediately done with the two fonts the above-mentioned, new font for the large-sized letters and the Kabin-ja for the medium- and small-sized ones. The books were granted to the scholar-subjects and the students of the Sung Kyun Kwan Academy as a royal gift. The matrix seems to have been modeled after the calligraphy of King Sejo. Because the new font was created to print the large-sized letters of the two books in 1458, it may be proper to name it "Muin-ja" using the "kanji"(干支) of the year. The author is happy to identify and include another font in the list of Korean movable types as a result of the present study.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.196-204
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• 2010

With the completion of genome sequencing of several organisms, attention has been focused to determine the function and functional network of proteins by proteome analysis. The recent techniques of proteomics have been advanced quickly so that the high-throughput and systematic analyses of cellular proteins are enabled in combination with bioinformatics tools. Furthermore, the development of proteomic techniques helps to elucidate the functions of proteins under stress or diseased condition, resulting in the discovery of biomarkers responsible for the biological stimuli. Ultimate goal of proteomics orients toward the entire proteome of life, subcellular localization, biochemical activities, and their regulation. Comprehensive analysis strategies of proteomics can be classified as three categories: (i) protein separation by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) or liquid chromatography (LC), (ii) protein identification by either Edman sequencing or mass spectrometry (MS), and (iii) quanitation of proteome. Currently MS-based proteomics turns shiftly from qualitative proteome analysis by 2-DE or 2D-LC coupled with off-line matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) and on-line electrospray ionization (ESI) MS, respectively, to quantitative proteome analysis. Some new techniques which include top-down mass spectrometry and tandem affinity purification have emerged. The in vitro quantitative proteomic techniques include differential gel electrophoresis with fluorescence dyes, protein-labeling tagging with isotope-coded affinity tag, and peptide-labeling tagging with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation. In addition, stable isotope labeled amino acid can be in vivo labeled into live culture cells through metabolic incorporation. MS-based proteomics extends to detect the phosphopeptide mapping of biologically crucial protein known as one of post-translational modification. These complementary proteomic techniques contribute to not only the understanding of basic biological function but also the application to the applied sciences for industry.

• 한국독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국독성학회 2006년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.55-64
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• 2006

The fetal central nervous system (CNS) is sensitive to diverse environmental factors, such as alcohol, heavy metals, irradiation, mycotoxins, neurotransmitters, and DNA damage, because a large number of processes occur during an extended period of development. Fetal neural damage is an important issue affecting the completion of normal CNS development. As many concepts about the brain development have been recently revealed, it is necessary to compare the mechanism of developmental abnormalities induced by extrinsic factors with the normal brain development. To clarify the mechanism of fetal CNS damage, we used one experimental model in which 5-azacytidine (5AZC), a DNA damaging and demethylating agent, was injected to the dams of rodents to damage the fetal brain. 5AzC induced cell death (apoptosis)and cell cycle arrest in the fetal brain, and it lead to microencephaly in the neonatal brain. We investigated the mechanism of apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in the neural progenitor cells in detail, and demonstrated that various cell cycle regulators were changed in response to DNA damage. p53, the guardian of genome, played a main role in these processes. Further, using DNA microarray analysis, tile signal cascades of cell cycle regulation were clearly shown. Our results indicate that neural progenitor cells have the potential to repair the DNA damages via cell cyclearrest and to exclude highly affected cells through the apoptotic process. If the stimulus and subsequent DNA damage are high, brain development proceeds abnormally and results in malformation in the neonatal brain. Although the mechanisms of fetal brain injury and features of brain malformation afterbirth have been well studied, the process between those stages is largely unknown. We hypothesized that the fetal CNS has the ability to repair itself post-injuring, and investigated the repair process after 5AZC-induced damage. Wefound that the damages were repaired by 60 h after the treatment and developmental processes continued. During the repair process, amoeboid microglial cells infiltrated in the brain tissue, some of which ingested apoptotic cells. The expressions of genes categorized to glial cells, inflammation, extracellular matrix, glycolysis, and neurogenesis were upregulated in the DNA microarray analysis. We show here that the developing brain has a capacity to repair the damage induced by the extrinsic stresses, including changing the expression of numerous genes and the induction of microglia to aid the repair process.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.3-11
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• 2010

현재 실시설계도면 작성과정에서 시간, 비용 등 제한조건으로 인해 실시설계도면 자체의 품질저하가 발생하고 있으며, 시공상세도는 표준화된 기준이 없이 임의적으로 작성되고 프로젝트 완료 후 대부분이 폐기가 되어 설계단계로 피드백 되지 않아 실시설계도면 품질저하의 악순환이 초래되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 실시설계도면과 시공상세도의 품질 향상을 위하여 일반업무시설에 대한 기존 실시설계 체크리스트를 기본으로 공사현장에 요구되는 정보와 시공상세도를 반영하고, 설계자의 설계도면 구성 분류에 따른 검토항목과 시공자의 공사별 분류 방법에 따른 검토항목을 상호 연계함으로써 시공성을 반영한 실시설계도면 체크리스트 개선안을 제시하였다. 실시설계도면과 시공단계가 연계된 공사별 통합 체크리스트의 활용성을 위해 인덱스 매트릭스를 개발하였으며, 실무전문가를 대상으로 심층면담조사를 통해 유효성을 확인하였다.