• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.153-157
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.163-167
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• 2005

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.211-215
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.68-72
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• 2005

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.187-197
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• 2004

The recycling cell formation problem means that disposal products are classified into recycling product families using group technology in their end-of-life phase. Disposal products have the uncertainties of product condition usage influences. Recycling cells are formed considering design, process and usage attributes. In this paper, a new approach for the design of cellular recycling system is proposed, which deals with the recycling cell formation and assignment of identical products concurrently. Fuzzy ART neural networks are applied to describe the condition of disposal product with the membership functions and to make recycling cell formation. The approach leads to cluster materials, components, and subassemblies for reuse or recycling and can evaluate the value at each cell of disposal products. Disposal refrigerators are shown as an example.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2000.05a
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• pp.111-123
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• 2000

The recycling cell formation problem means that disposal products are classified into recycling part families using group technology in their end of life phase. Disposal products have the uncertainties of product status by usage influences. Recycling cells are formed considering design, process and usage attributes. In this paper, a novel approach to the design of cellular recycling system is proposed, which deals with the recycling cell formation and assignment of identical products concurrently. Fuzzy clustering algorithm and Fuzzy-ART neural network are applied to describe the states of disposal product with the membership functions and to make recycling cell formation. This approach leads to recycling and reuse of the materials, components, and subassemblies and can evaluate the value at each cell of disposal products. Application examples are illustrated by disposal refrigerators, compared fuzzy clustering with Fuzzy-ART neural network performance in cell formation.

• Hwankyungkyoyuk
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.165-180
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to investigate how much people recognise and participate in wastes recycling and to give suggestions for systematic environmental education on the recycling. Subject's recognition degree on recycling mark which had been established by The Ministry of Environment in 1995 was very low and the recycling mark should be educated because it would help people consider the environmental factor when purchase goods which are recyclable or not. They acknowledged simple recycling methods of recyclable goods much but not the complex methods of them. So they need the systematic education on recycling method through which continuous participation of them would be arisen. In the while there is no mention about recycling mark in textbooks which are currently used in Korean elementary schools, middle schools and high schools. Not only the mark but also any kind of environmental information should be updated in environmental textbooks/learning materials to cultivate students environmental literacy to meet current environmental issues dynamically and solve environmental problems in the future successfully.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.240-244
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• 2001

Recycling process involving mechanical, thermal, hydrometallurgical, and sol-gel step has been applied to recover cobalt and lithium from spent lithium ion batteries and to synthesize LiCoO$_2$from leach liquor as cathodic active materials. Electrode materials containing lithium and cobalt could be concentrated with 2-step thermal and mechanical treatment. Leaching behaviors of the lithium and cobalt in nitric acid media was investigated in terms of reaction variables. Hydrogen peroxide in 1 M HNO$_3$solution turned out to be an effective reducing agent by enhancing the leaching efficiency. O f many possible processes to produce LiCoO$_2$, the amorphous citrate precursor process (ACP) has been applied to synthesize powders with a large specific surface area and an exact stoichiometry. After leaching used LiCoO$_2$with nitric acid, the molar ratio of Li/Co in the leach liquor was adjusted at 1.1 by adding a fresh LiNO$_3$solution. Then, 1 M citric acid solution at a 100% stoichiometry was also added to prepare a gelatinous precursor. When the precursor was calcined at 95$0^{\circ}C$ for 24 hr, purely crystalline LiCoO$_2$was successfully obtained. The particle size and specific surface area of the resulting crystalline powders were 20 пm and 30 $\textrm{cm}^2$/g, respectively The LiCoO$_2$powder was proved to have good characteristics as cathode active materials in charge/discharge capacity and cyclic performance.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.236-239
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 콘크리트 잔골재 대체 골재로써의 재활용을 위한 재강슬래그의 특성을 조사하였다. 화학조성과 중금속 용출, 재강슬래그의 soundness 및 모르타르의 압축강도를 측정하였다. 그 결과, 중금속 용출과 soundness는 한국 산업 기준(Korean Industrial Standard)과 한국 환경 기준(Korean Environmental Limit)에 적합하였다. 모르타르의 압축 강도는 재강슬래그의 대체 비율이 커질수록 증가하였다.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.150-158
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• 2011

This research was conducted to estimate the physicochemical characteristics of waste catalyst and its in-process product from recycling and to suggest fundamental data for religious systems such as quality standards. Mo and V contents were increased from the waste catalyst to calcinated material and oxidized material. In the results of a heavy metals leaching test, Pb was not detected in any catalyst, calcinated and oxidized materials. Cu was not detected in the catalyst. However, it was detected in ${\leq}$1.16 mg/l for calcinated material and in 1.34~13.73 mg/l for $MoO_3$ oxidezed material. Concentrations in recycling in-process products (calcinated and oxidized materials) were higher than those of waste catalyst. Oil content of catalyst waste ranged from 0.01-14.03 wt%. Oil contents of calcinated and oxidized materials were greatly decreased compared to the catalyst waste. Carbon and sulfur contents as chemical poisoning material of catalyst waste ranged from 0.33-76.08 wt% and 5.00-22.00 wt%, respectively. The carbon contents of calcinated and oxidized materials showed below 20 wt%. The sulfur content showed below 8wt% for calcinated material and below 0.22 wt% for oxidized material.