• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.215-231
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• 2011

As a brittle and heterogeneous material, concrete behaves differently under different stress conditions and its bulk strength is loading rate dependent. To a large extent, the varying behavioural properties of concrete can be explained by the mechanical failure processes at a mesoscopic level. The development of a computational mesoscale model in a general finite element environment, as presented in the preceding companion paper (Part 1), makes it possible to investigate into the underlying mechanisms governing the bulk-scale behaviour of concrete under a variety of loading conditions and to characterise the variation in quantitative terms. In this paper, we first present a series of parametric studies on the behaviour of concrete material under quasi-static compression and tension conditions. The loading-face friction effect, the possible influences of the non-homogeneity within the mortar and ITZ phases, and the effect of randomness of coarse aggregates are examined. The mesoscale model is then applied to analyze the dynamic behaviour of concrete under high rate loading conditions. The potential contribution of the mesoscopic heterogeneity towards the generally recognized rate enhancement of the material compressive strength is discussed.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.334-339
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• 2019

To meet the current demand in the fields of permanent magnets for achieving a high energy density, it is imperative to prepare nano-to-microscale rare-earth-based magnets with well-defined microstructures, controlled homogeneity, and magnetic characteristics via a bottom-up approach. Here, on the basis of a microstructural study and qualitative magnetic measurements, optimized reduction conditions for the preparation of nanostructured Sm-Co magnets are proposed, and the elucidation of the reduction-diffusion behavior in the binary phase system is clearly manifested. In addition, we have investigated the microstructural, crystallographic, and magnetic properties of the Sm-Co magnets prepared under different reduction conditions, that is, $H_2$ gas, calcium, and calcium hydride. This work provides a potential approach to prepare high-quality Sm-Co-based nanofibers, and moreover, it can be extended to the experimental design of other magnetic alloys.

• 보존과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.47-64
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• 2015

이 연구는 천안-아산 지역 출토 청동기시대 토기편과 고토양을 대상으로 재료과학적 분석을 통해 상호 동질성을 검토한 것이다. 토기편은 현미경하에서 1mm 이하의 세립질 광물에서 10mm 정도의 극조립 광물까지 분급과 원마도가 다양한 비짐들이 혼재되어 있다. 또한 대부분 토기편은 조직의 치밀도가 떨어졌으며 다양한 모양과 크기의 기공이 분포하였다. X-선 회절분석에서는 석영, 장석, 운모, 각섬석, 녹니석과 같은 주구성광물 외에 활석이 동정되었으며, 이 활석은 토양에서는 검출되지 않아 인위적으로 첨가한 물질인 것으로 판단된다. 토기편 중 녹니석이 검출되지 않는 것들은 $850^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 소성되었을 것으로 추정하였으며, 운모 및 활석이 동정된 토기는 $900^{\circ}C$ 이하에서 소성이 완료된 것으로 해석된다. 각 유적의 토기와 토양의 지구화학적 분석결과, 주성분, 미량, 희토류원소의 진화경향이 거의 일치하여 각 유적의 토기는 대부분 유적을 구성하는 고토양을 태토로 이용한 것으로 판단된다.

• 박물관보존과학
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• 제28권
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• pp.17-34
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• 2022

이 연구에서는 송파 지역의 석촌동고분군 연접적석총과 방이동고분군 3호분에서 출토된 토기를 대상으로 재질특성을 파악하고 출토지에 따른 재료의 동질성과 소성온도를 해석하였다. 유적들은 비교적 근래에 연구가 이루어진 곳으로, 이를 포함하고 있는 고분군은 고대 한반도 묘제의 변천과정을 보여주며 동시에 당시 중앙세력에 대한 중요한 고고자료를 제공하고 있다. 두 유적에서 출토된 연구대상 토기는 각기 다른 시기에 매장되었으나, 호정 및 불호정성을 띠는 원소들의 거동양상과 주구성성분을 통해 살펴본 풍화경향으로 보아 유사한 편마암류의 풍화토를 수급하여 제작한 것으로 여겨진다. 또한 광물조성과 태토의 미세조직을 살펴본 결과, 상대적으로 이른 시기인 석촌동 토기들은 950℃ 이하에서 소성된 것으로 판단된다. 반면 방이동 3호분 토기는 850℃ 이하와 1,000℃ 이상의 온도를 경험한 것으로 확인되어 차이를 보인다. 그러나 시기에 따른 소성온도의 고온화로 해석하기에는 어려움이 있으며, 향후 보다 다양한 토기 및 고토양과의 비교를 통해 토기의 제작기술 변화를 해석할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.109-119
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• 1997

This study has been attempted to set up the strategies of the nursing which can promote the activity performance for early rehabilitation for the patients by examining the effect of the structured patient education on the early rehabilitation knowledge and activity performance of the C.V.A patients. The study method has been done by investigating the experiment group and control group in advance through the question papers and interview and observation on 65 patients who had been hospitalized at oriental medicine hospital of K Medical Center from July 1st 1995 to the end of Sep, 1995. The analysis of the collected material had been done for the homogeneity test in which general characters of experiment group and control group had been tested by X²and the homogeneity test of ADL by t-test. To test the hypothesis the t-test had been given for the difference of the early rehabilitation knowledge and activity performance between the two groups and the correlation between early rehabilitation knowledge and activity performance had been tested by Pearson's Correlation Coefficient. The result of the test of the hypothesis is as the below. 1 The 1st hypothesis “The experiment group which had received the structured education should be higher in the early rehabilitation knowledge than the control group” was supported(t=4.45. p=.000). 2. The 2nd hypothesis “The experiment group which received the structured education should be higher in the early rehabilitation activity performance than the control group”was supported(t=2.11, p=.036). 3. The 3rd hypothesis “The higher the early rehabilitation knowledge of the patient the higher the activity performance degree” was rejected (r=.1546, p=.219). In conclusion, the patients who received the structured education showed the increase in the degree of early rehabilitation knowledge and activity performance, so it has been judged that education has been prerequisite in increasing the knowledge and activity performance of early rehabilitation.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.352-360
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• 2020

Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO₂, LCO) has been widely used as a cathode material for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to its excellent electrochemical performance and highly reproducible synthesis even with mass production. To improve the energy density of the LIBs for their deployment in electro-mobility, the full capacity and voltage of the cathode materials need to exploited, especially by operating them at a higher voltage. Herein, we doped LCO with divalent calcium-ion (Ca²⁺) to stabilize its layered structure during the batteries' operation. The Ca-doped LCO was synthesized by two different routes, namely solid-state and co-precipitation methods, which led to different average particle sizes and levels of dopant's homogeneity. Of these two, the solid-state synthesis resulted in smaller particles with a better homogeneity of the dopant, which led to better electrochemical performance, specifically when operated at a high voltage of 4.5 V. Electrochemical simulations based on a single particle model provided theoretical corroboration for the positive effects of the reduced particle size on the higher rate capability.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제32권8호
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• pp.654-659
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• 2008

This paper is to suggest a concept design of the permanent magnet type magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device based on the parameter optimization method. Pulse currents in the gradient coils will introduce the effect of eddy currents in the ferromagnetic material, which will worsen the quality of imaging. In order to equalize the magnetic flux in the MRI device for good imaging, the eddy current effect in the ferromagnetic material must be taken into account. This study attempts to use the design of experiment (DOE) and the response surface method (RSM) for equalizing the magnetic flux of the permanent magnet type MRI device using that the magnetic flux can be calculated directly using a commercial finite element analysis package. As a result, optimal shapes of the pole and the yoke of the PM type MRI device can be obtained. The commercial package, ANSYS, is used for analyzing the magnetic field problem and obtaining the resultant magnetic flux.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.650-650
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• 2013

Although imprinted nanopatterns of organic polymer can be modified by the heat treatment [1], it generally requires high process temperatures and is material-dependent since the heat-induced mass loss of the organic polymer is greatly affected by its chemical characteristics. When oxygen is added during the annealing process, one can reduce the process temperature as well as the dependence of the materials. With the oxygen, line width reduction of a polymer (SU-8) patterns could be accomplished at temperature of as low as $250^{\circ}C$ which was not possible in the heat only process. This oxidative line width reduction can be dramatically promoted with the introduction of oxygen plasma. The oxygen plasma, with its highly-reactive oxygen species, vigorously etches away the organic materials, proven to be extremely effective line with reduction method. It is, however, very hard to control the extent and homogeneity of the etching, particularly of very fine patterns. Here, we report an effective and reliable line width reduction method of imprinted nanopatterns by combined plasma and heat treatment. The merits of this process include the reduction of process temperature, time and material-dependence.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.43-50
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• 2009

Design trend, transparency, which has been developed under a reflection of current periodic environment, has been exposed to people all over the world through varieties of architecture facade and interior space. As interior space follows this trend, which has difference in showing space from the past, transparency becomes an important measure of showing openness of certain space. Main objective of this research is to understand a characteristics of materials that leads transparency a important measure to the modern interior design, and this will set the range to this applicable materials for appropriate areas of defining transparency in an interior. Characteristic uses of transparent materials found in this research which leads transparency into interior space are described below: First, there are two perspectives in transparency. One is visibility and material wised transparency and the other is conditional and spacial wised transparency. With this knowledge, we can expand a level of transparency with ideas such as clarity, opacity, visible transmission, and reflection, and this broadened range will vary the acceptable materials used to show transparency. Second, transparent materials are used with many different purposes in modern interior space as furnitures, sanitary fixtures, partitions, and other structures. With using modern technology in reforming this materials brought new methods in structure composing. last, transparent materials' expnt pable characteristics made modern interior space to have a control over spacial homogeneity, a simplified octlines, weakened boundaries, and compositional effects by interference and vision.

• 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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• 제28권12호
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• pp.781-786
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• 2015

It is necessary for ferrite sheets to be fabricated with high packing density for excellent electrical properties and high strength. In this study, the relationship between the warpage and the packing density of ferrite green sheet, was investigated with amount variation of organic additives. With 0.4 wt% of dispersant, the packing density was about 48% and warpage appeared 0.5~1.3 mm high. With 1.4 wt% of dispersant, the packing density increased up to 57% and warpage appeared 0.8~2.1 mm high. With high packing density, warpage appeared along the edges of specimen, while with low packing density, deformation appeared over whole specimen inhomogeneously. It is thought that inhomogeneous deformation after sintering came from the inhomogeneity in green sheet prepared with badly dispersed slurry. With good homogeneity in green sheet from well-dispersed slurry, isotropic shrinkage is thought to have occurred along the distance from center to edges of specimen during sintering.