• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.276-276
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• 2009

Solar cells has been studied mainly the high efficiency and lower prices. Using recycling wafer as a way to realize their money in it, there is a way to manufacture a solar cell substrate. How to play the recycling wafer, CMP(Chemical Mechanical Polishing) and remelting process is the complex and the expensive equipment. However, using the Micro-Blaster, the process easier, and cheaper prices. Micro-Blaster confirmed that the remaining amount of material left after the process recycling wafer surface.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2003

In this study, to take the object of this thesis on understanding the characteristics on marketing structure and marketing distribution of landscape materials after consideration in the side of prices trends which is important factors for analysis in understanding the market of landscape materials. To do this, Analysis is divided into the prices trends. The investigation of prices trends and marketing distribution are to collect data refer to purchases and sales reports, these results are used to analyzed the operative factor of forming market structure. The periodic range of this thesis is limited from 1996 to 2000 and analytic articles is limited on 609 landscape materials(planting materials : 567 articles, facility materials : 7 articles, the other : 35 articles). The results of the whole prices trends and marketing distribution survey can be summarized as follows : 1. Prices trends of showing 3 types of landscape materials : In cases of planting, facility and the others materials, the annual average increasing rate of the index number of price was 3.1%, 3.4%, 3.1% while the KPRC(Korea Price Research Center) price was 3.98% for the past five years. 2. GSP(Government Specified Prices) Prices trends of showing 3 types of landscape materials : In cases of planting, facility and the others materials, the annual average increasing rate of the index number of price was 3.7%, 1.2%, 2.6% while the KPRC(Korea Price Research Center) price was 3.98% for the past five years. This increase indicates a small price margin, particularly, the GSP price of planting materials should be adjusted to a realistic level. 3. Native and exotic product Prices trends of showing 3. types of landscape materials : In cases of Native planting, facility and the others materials, the annual average increasing rate of the index number of price was 3.2%, 3.2%, 3.6% while cases of exotic was 3.1%, 1.0%, 5.8% for the past five years. The index number increase of prices of exotic landscape materials were fluctuated more than those the native landscape materials.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2012년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.149-151
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• 2012

Changes in the price of materials in construction projects is one of the important variables. Therefore, measures are necessary to respond to the demand and supply of materials and price instability. In previous studies, mainly of ready-mix concrete and steel beam analysis was carried out. However, a study of non-ferrous material prices are still insufficient. So, in this study, the researcher identified the causal relationship between the construction cost and non-ferrous materials prices. Construction Cost Index was selected as a proxy variable of construction cost.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2012년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.319-320
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• 2012

International oil prices is the world's leading macroeconomic indicators. Rising international oil price has been worsening. profitability of construction company including material cost as well stagnation in housing market. Thus, according to fluctuations in international oil prices has cost index need to see any change happening there. in this study, 2000 to 2011 interest rates, exchange rates and oil price fluctuations in construction cost is to compare the impact.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제21권48호
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• pp.263-268
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• 1998

An efficient agricultural marketing system is very important to producers and consumers to keep the reasonable prices. In these days, the main policy for the efficient agricultural marketing system is to enlarge the direct transaction market. But it is not easy to enlarge the direct transaction market in a few years. This paper proposes a new efficient agricultural marketing system that gives a similar effect with the direct market. The proposed system is mainly composed of three associations; producers', consumers' and retailers'association, and the function of the system is devided into material affairs and commercial affairs. The structure of the system also can be simplified as two to three steps. So the system can reduce the cost of logistics and keep the reasonable prices for both producers and consumers.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 1th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.1112-1117
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• 2005

Construction cost index is generally used to estimate the new project cost based on past construction data and to adjust contract cost when the price change of various articles and items of expenditure composing the contract occurs. In Korea, it is mostly used for adjustment of construction contract cost due to fluctuation of prices. However index adjustment rate which is used for adjustment of construction contract cost had some problems in calculating cost index of each expenditure item that could not reflect properly the change of construction cost. For supplementing these problems, the research of developing construction cost index has been executed. Through the precedent research, these problems were partially resolved but still remain. Therefore this research proposes method of making cost index that utilizes representative items of labor, material, and equipment by analyzing bill of quantity of road construction, through analysis and comparison of precedent study. By using this method, it is expected to solve problems which were not reflected in precedent studies.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.195-207
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• 2012

In South Korea, the growth of online shopping malls that are overtaking traditional offline distributors in sales requires the latter to concentrate on developing a variety of contents amidst the ever-changing and competitive market environment. First of all, attention should be paid to information on fashion item materials. This study examined the current status of online shopping malls with a focus on their three different types-specialized malls, general malls, and open markets-and investigated consumers' hedonic shopping motives and influence on fashion materials in terms of purchasing behavior. In doing so, this study surveyed men and women in their 20s-30s residing in Seoul or its surrounding cities and used a total of 255 questionnaires for statistical analysis. The statistical software program SPSS 15.0 was used to conduct frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, and multiple regression analysis. The study results showed that in general and specialized shopping malls, consumers granted greater reliability and importance to fashion materials when their interest in shopping or attention to fashion items/brands was high and when they wanted rare items. In open markets, the more interest consumers had in shopping and the more sensitive they were to fashion information, the more dependent they were on prices; in other words, prices were found to have a greater influence on their purchase decisions than the quality of fashion materials. The findings of this study would be useful to marketers and distributors who are trying to develop their marketing strategies based on fashion material information, according to the different types of online shopping malls.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.148-175
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• 2003

As mentioned above, Korean restaurant's menu price is to be decided by combining various factors. Korean restaurant is demanded to decide menu price more carefully than other restaurants do, because the number of Korean restaurant is the largest in Korea and Korean food is the most popular among the Korean people. Korean restaurant cannot neglect price competitiveness and is often given complaints from its customers. Because of such management difficulties, the number of Korean restaurant has recently decreased at special class hotels as well as common hotels. Korean restaurant managers are demanded to make efforts to inherit Korean tradition and culture by keeping pride and responsibility. Until now, Korean restaurants are thought to decide the menu prices in short-sighted, non-scientific and haphazard way of thinking. Such price decision factors have established traditions and have been generally accepted to let Korean restaurant managers lose carefulness at the menu price decision. In advanced countries, however, they recognized the importance of the price decision since the 1960's or earlier to research the menu price systematically and scientifically. Before deciding the menu prices, Korean restaurant managers are demanded to investigate various kinds of factors carefully and spend a lot of time to calculate direct costs, that is, one of the most important factors of cost calculations. The managers are demanded to decide the menu prices in reasonable and future-oriented way by keeping not private thinking but correct information and judgment. The sale of each menu has difference, while the menu price increase has been evaluated to be successful from overall point of view. Despite of increased total sale, there was not much difference of net profit because of increased material costs. However, higher level of the customers produced comfortable and cozy atmosphere of the restaurant enough to satisfy customers, and improved service quality much more. Not only customer satisfaction but also improved service quality is thought to play an important role in invitation of future customers.

• 플랜트 저널
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.39-43
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• 2011

Due to the recent uncertainty of market situations such as the escalation of petroleum prices, increased production capacities of plants, limitations of the available EPC (Engineering, Procurement, Construction) contractors, and the increase of raw material prices, EPC contractors have had a tendency to include a higher reserve contingency in the lump-sum turnkey contract price. In order to overcome the changes in the market, the plant project construction industry has started to apply the converted lump-sum turnkey contract in plant construction market. This study was focused to find the associated risks and to analyse the identified risks on recent trend of application of the new contract type, which is the converted lump-sum turnkey contract. It was recognized from the analysis that quality and cost have more high priority risks than other project objectives. This paper also suggests the mitigation plan for identified risks to achieve project objectives appropriate to the converted lump-sum turnkey project from the viewpoint of an EPC contractor keeping transparency with owner.

• 복식
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• 제59권4호
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• pp.143-154
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• 2009

The purpose of this research is to investigate elderly, middle-aged female consumers' design and material preferences for lounge wear and after understanding senescent women's propensity to purchase lounge wear. The subject of research were to those living in the Seoul and capital region and 612, which did not comprise missing values, were collected and used for data analyses. All the age groups including those in their 50s and 60s prefer jacket and pants styles the most and these styles are the most favored as lounge wear as well. Those in their 50s and 60s prefer a round neckline the most while those in their 70s favor a V neckline the most. Analyses of sleeve styles of senescent women show that all the age groups favor a straight set, or a sleeve design, the most. Although the aged people investigated in this research have relatively high purchasing power, it is found that they tend to buy low priced lounge wears. Reviewing all of the above-mentioned results, the prices of garments for senescent people will be set in consideration of their economic level, so that good quality commodities may be produced and sold at different prices.