• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.726-731
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• 2004

This paper suggests a material mixing method to mix several materials in a structure. This method is based on ESO(Evolutionary Structural Optimization), which has been used to optimize topology of only one material structure. In this study, two criterions for material transformation and element removal are implemented for mixing several materials in a structure. Optimal topology for a multiple material structure can be obtained through repetitive application of the two criterions at each iteration. Two practical design examples of a short cantilever are presented to illustrate validity of the suggested material mixing method. It is found that the suggested method works very well and a multiple material structure has more stiffness than one material structure has under the same mass.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.259-264
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• 2003

This paper suggests a material mixing method to mix several materials in a structure. This method is based on ESO(Evolutionary Structural Optimization), which has been used to optimize topology of only one material structure. In this study, two criterions for material transformation and element removal are implemented for mixing several materials in a structure. Optimal topology for a multiple material structure can be obtained through repetitive application of the two criterions at each iteration. Two practical design examples of a short cantilever are presented to illustrate validity of the suggested material mixing method. It is found that the suggested method works very well and a multiple material structure has more stiffness than one material structure has under the same mass.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2007

A material mixing method to obtain an optimal topology for a structure in a thermal environment was suggested. This method is based on Evolutionary Structural Optimization(ESO). The proposed material mixing method extends the ESO method to a mixing several materials for a structure in the multicriteria optimization of thermal flux and thermal stress. To do this, the multiobjective optimization technique was implemented. The overall efficiency of material usage was measured in terms of the combination of thermal stress levels and heat flux densities by using a combination strategy with weighting factors. Also, a smoothing scheme was implemented to suppress the checkerboard pattern in the procedure of topology optimization. It is concluded that ESO method with a smoothing scheme is effectively applied to topology optimization. Optimal topologies having multiple thermal criteria for a printed circuit board(PCB) substrate were presented to illustrate validity of the suggested material mixing method. It was found that the suggested method works very well for the multicriteria topology optimization.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.04a
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• pp.1-13
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• 2005

Fluid flows within microchannels are characterized by low Reynolds numbers. Therefore the effect of mixing is a crucial factor in design of the channels. Since the action of the electro-osmotic or magnetic forces used in the mixing enhancement is usually periodic in the three-dimensional channel configuration, use of the various concepts of chaotic advection is reasonable in the quantification of the stirring effect. In this paper, the details of the method of material-stretching mapping is explained. The actual application of the method to the screw extruder is also presented.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2016

The electrolyte wetting phenomena occurring in the electrode of lithium-ion battery was studied using lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). Recently, lithium-ion batteries are being mixed with small particles on the active material to increase the capacity and energy density during the electrode design stage. The change to the mixing ratio may influence the wettability of electrolyte. In this study, the changes in electrolyte distribution and saturation were investigated according to various mixing ratios of active material. We found that the variations in mixing ratio of active material affect the wetting mechanism, and result in changes to the wetting speed and wettability of electrolyte.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.382-389
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• 2008

To manufacture Al MMCs, in-situ melt mixing process is used because it is free from contamination, and it makes reinforcements homogeneously dispersed. Large eddy simulation method is used to find the optimum melt mixing condition. At the Re 3000, the most suitable mixing is occurred between Al-Ti and Al- B melts. The in-situ formed $TiB_2$ particles has the size varying from 40 nm to 130 nm, due to the increase of cooling rate, and exhibits a homogeneous dispersion. And the interface between reinforcement and matrix is clean. Both hardness and Young's modulus of this composite are improved with increasing the cooling rate.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.492-501
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• 2001

The use of alginate impression materials today is prevalent because of its efficiency and simplicity in clinical settings. Unfortunately, the simplicity of the procedure tends to lull the dentist into a sense of well-being, and lead him into using careless or sloppy technique. Alginate impression materials are used to fabricate diagnostic and preliminary casts, and the final cast. Incorrect use of this material is known to affect the accuracy of the final prosthesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of different mixing methods of alginate impression material and tray adhesive on the accuracy of the stone cast produced by each method. A total of 30 stone casts were produced by using 3 different types of mixing methods (10 stone cast for each mixing method, respectively). The first method utilized an automatic-mixing machine to mix alginate while the second method was carried out manually, strictly following manufacturer's instructions. The third method also involved manual mixing, but did not follow the manufacturer's instructions and was done in a random fashion. Also, 20 additional stone casts were produced by using alginate with or without tray adhesives were included in the study to evaluate effects of tray adhesives on the accuracy of alginate impression. 10 stone casts were produced by adding tray adhesives to the interior surface of the impression tray prior to taking the impression. The other 10 excluded this step. A total of 50 stone casts were analyzed by the three-dimensional measuring machine to measure and compare the dimensional changes of the impression material of each group. The results are as follows. 1. No significant difference was found between the automatic mixing group and the manually-mixing group(p>0.05). 2. For the group that followed manufacturer's instructions, less dimensional changes were record ed than the group that didn't in measuring distanced 4(p<0.05). 3. The group that used tray adhesives showed less dimensional changes(p<0.05). The findings revealed that mechanical methods of mixing alginate impression materials had little influence on dimensional changes. However, it is proven that following manufacturers instructions in alginate impression taking is an important step in acquiring accurate impressions and tray adhesives may play an important role in enhancing the results.

• Journal of computational fluids engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.20-33
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• 2004

In this study a stretching-mapping method is proposed for calculating the materials' stretching exponents, which are to be used in quantification of the mixing effect. In this method, the mapping tensor associated with the deformation of each fluid material is first obtained. Then deformations of a lot of materials are obtained by applying the mapping tensor. The local stretching rates and their space-average values are next computed with the mapped deformations. Application to a simple time-periodic flow within a cavity shows that the method is indeed effective compared with the conventional method; i.e. the mapping method is fast and yields the same results as the conventional one.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.11-17
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• 2007

Turbulent in-situ mixing process is a new material process technology to get dispersed phase in nanometer size by controlling reaction of liquid/solid, liquid/gas, flow ana solidification speed simultaneously. In this study, mixing which is the key technology to this synthesis method was studied by computational fluid dynamics. For the simulation of mixing of liquid metal, static mixers investigated. Two inlets for different liquid metal meet ana merge like 'Y' shape tube having various shapes and radios of curve. The performance of mixer was evaluated with quantitative analysis with coefficient of variance of mass fraction. Also, detailed plots of intersection were presented to understand effect of mixer shape on mixing. The simulations show that the Reynolds number (Re) is the important factor to mixing and dispersion of $TiB_2$ particles. Mixer was designed according to the simulation, and $Cu-TiB_2$ nano composites were evaluated. $TiB_2$ nano particles were uniformly dispersed when Re was 1000, and cluster formation and reduction in volume fraction of $TiB_2$ were found at higher Re.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.04c
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• pp.73-74
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• 2008

In this paper, we have investigated dispersibility, volume resistivity of nano-composite by solution mixing method. Dispersibility measured by FE-SEM(Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope. And volume resistivity measured by ASTM D991. To expect interaction used dual filler system. But, dual filler system had influence on polymer complex. So, polymer chain mobility doesn't resist.