• Title/Summary/Keyword: Material Cost

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Innovation of Material Flow in Shipbuilding (조선업에서의 물류 혁신)

  • Park Soon Gill
    • Special Issue of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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    • 2005.06a
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    • pp.151-158
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    • 2005
  • It is important to control material flow in shipbuilding as it decides the productivity of production, cost and period of production. The weight of material in a big shipyard is even more one million tons. The results contained in this paper can provide the valuable information on the effect of reduction of cost and competitive power. The intention of this paper is to let ship builders pay attention to material flow. This paper refers to other manufacture's methods to improve their material flow and also give one example to show how to pursue to improve material flow in a shop. We have still lots of room to improve material flow.

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A study on the dental technology and fabrication cost analysis of implant prosthesis for National Health Insurance (건강보험 급여화 관련 임플란트보철물의 기공원가 분석 연구)

  • Cho, Mi-Hyang;Lee, Gwang-Young;Lee, Hee-kyung;Nam, Shin-Eun;Ryu, Jae-Kyung;Kwon, Hyok-Mun;Kim, Kyung-Rok;Cho, Hong-Kyu
    • Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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    • v.42 no.2
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    • pp.149-162
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    • 2020
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to conduct a cost accounting of implant prosthesis according to the fabrication activities. Methods: In this study, the cost price of implant prosthesis fabrication activities was calculated by the bottom-up costing approach for material and labor cost and the top-down costing approach for expenses and other. Results: The total cost price was estimated to 220,000 ~ 310,000 won per one implant prosthesis. By product, the screw type was estimated to 220,000 ~ 230,000 won, and when the stent and tray were included, it was 260,000 ~ 270,000 won, which increased about 40,000 won. And, the cement type with more material and labor time was estimated to 250,000 ~ 260,000 won, and when the stent and tray were included, it was about 300,000 won. Conclusion: In terms of the fabrication cost ratio by items, it was shown that material cost and labor cost accounted for about 40% and 30% of the total cost structure for resin case, respectively, which was the opposite for porcelain. It was shown that expenses and general administrative expenses accounted for about 15%, and profits were about 11% ~ 14% in both cases.

Analysis of Maintenance Expense in various Golf Courses (골프 코스관리 비용 분석)

  • Yoo, Min-Joon;Lee, Jae-Pil;Joo, Young-Kyoo;Kim, Doo-Hwan
    • Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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    • v.23 no.1
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    • pp.61-76
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    • 2009
  • The purpose of this study are to investigate the reasonable maintenance expense of golf course according to the size and management system of each golf course. The maintenance cost per hole per golfer of 29 golf courses and the maintenance cost for items and locations of 8 golf courses were analyzed. 1. As golfers per hole increased, maintenance cost per hole per golfer decreased. 2. The decisive cost factors for maintenance cost of golf course are the number of annual golfers, the total course size, the management system, and automation of course facilities. 3. Maintenance cost of golf courses contained the landscaping areas except for building and parking lots is $869^{\}/_{m^2}$ Korean won. 4. Average maintenance cost of 8 golf courses is $44,325,000^{\}/_{hole}$. 5. Labor cost marked the largest portion in the total cost. Among the items of labor cost, repair cost for green ball mark was the highest with the ratio of 26%(\4,163,000). 6. Material cost for Fairways which reaches 30% of the total area was composed of $22%{\sim}44%$ of the total cost of materials. Cost of imported fertilizers, pestcides for insects and diseases, and sands for top dressing was the highest. 7. Material cost for Green which reaches 2% of the total area was composed of $28%{\sim}36%$ of the total cost. Cost of imported products such as particle-shaped fertilizers, micro mineral fertilizers, and soil conditioners was the highest. 8. There is no difference in cost between chemical fertilizers and the environmentally friendly fertilizers even if environmentally friendly fertilizers using microorganism or chitosan materials are also expensive.

The material management process model of material characteristic for material administration of physical distribution (자재물류관리를 위한 자재 속성별 자재관리 프로세스 모델 - ETO 범주 자재를 중심으로 -)

  • Ha, Young-Seo;Yu, Jung-Ho;Kim, Chang-Duk
    • Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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    • v.10 no.1
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    • pp.16-25
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    • 2009
  • In construction industry, the cost related to material is different from each other under the characteristic of projects. However, it has 40% of the whole cost in the composition of prime cost. Recently, While the construction work become bigger, specialized and complex, it is complex to carry in materials because of shortage of space. However, in many cases, material management has been underestimated as well as the material management is depending on experience of site managers so it has been studied about frequently. In this study, I suggest four classification methods of material characteristic ETO, ATO, MTO, MTS. I also analyze what the most efficient supply management of the site materials is through researching the characteristics of the material distribution. In conclusion, I would like to build the material management classification for the characteristics of materials.

Annealing effects of CMP slurry abrasives (CMP 슬러리 연마제의 어닐링 효과)

  • Park, Chang-Jun;Jeong, So-Young;Kim, Chul-Bok;Choi, Woon-Shik;Seo, Yong-Jin
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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    • 2003.05d
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    • pp.105-108
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    • 2003
  • CMP(chemical mechanical polishing) process has been attracted as an essential technology of multi-level interconnection. However, the COO(cost of ownership) is very high, because of high consumable cost. Especially, among the consumables, slurry dominates more than 40 %. So, we focused how to reduce the consumption of raw slurry. In this paper, We have studied the CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) characteristics of slurry by adding of raw alumina abrasive and annealed alumina abrasive. As a experimental results, we obtained the comparable slurry characteristics compared with original silica slurry in the view point of high removal rate and low non-uniformity. Therefore, we can reduce the cost of consumables(COC) of CMP process for ULSI applications.

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Analyzing the Impact of Price Fluctuation of Nonferrous Metal Materials on Sectoral Construction Cost (비철금속자재 가격의 변동이 업종별 건설공사비에 미치는 영향 분석)

  • Sang, Jun;Lee, Suk-Won;Kim, Ju-Hyung;Kim, Jae-Jun
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Building Construction Conference
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    • 2012.11a
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    • pp.149-151
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    • 2012
  • Changes in the price of materials in construction projects is one of the important variables. Therefore, measures are necessary to respond to the demand and supply of materials and price instability. In previous studies, mainly of ready-mix concrete and steel beam analysis was carried out. However, a study of non-ferrous material prices are still insufficient. So, in this study, the researcher identified the causal relationship between the construction cost and non-ferrous materials prices. Construction Cost Index was selected as a proxy variable of construction cost.

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Thermoeconomics Analysis to apply net concept of material flow to Power System (발전시스템에 물질흐름의 net 개념을 적용한 열경제학 해석)

  • Kim, Deok-Jin
    • Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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    • 2000.04b
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    • pp.962-969
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    • 2000
  • Quality that character of energy is the same at every state in case of equal working fluid and net concept of material flow was applied to thermoeconomics about energy system, and we could naturally explain the suitable degree about this concept, also thermoecomic equations about general power plant was easily deduced. And deduced equations exactly corresponded with principle of thermoeconomics that overall input cost flow rate equal overall output cost flow rate. This equations is applied to gas turbine cogeneration power plant as one example and found the product unit cost. Also this product cost comparison could been naturally explained.

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Chemical Mechanical Polishing Characteristics of Mixed Abrasive Slurry by Adding of Alumina Abrasive in Diluted Silica Slurry (탈이온수로 희석된 실리카 슬러리에 알루미나 연마제가 첨가된 혼합 연마제 슬러리의 CMP 특성)

  • 서용진;박창준;최운식;김상용;박진성;이우선
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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    • v.16 no.6
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    • pp.465-470
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    • 2003
  • The chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process has been widely used for the global planarization of multi-layer structures in semiconductor manufacturing. The CMP process can be optimized by several parameters such as equipment, consumables (pad, backing film and slurry), process variables and post-CMP cleaning. However, the COO(cost of ownership) is very high, because of high consumable cost. Especially, among the consumables, the slurry dominates more than 40 %. In this paper, we have studied the CMP characteristics of diluted silica slurry by adding of raw alumina abrasives and annealed alumina abrasives. As an experimental result, we obtained the comparable slurry characteristics compared with original silica slurry in the view-point of high removal rate and low non-uniformity. Therefore, we can reduce the cost of consumables(COC) of CMP process for ULSI applications.

Virtual Manufacturing for an Automotive Company(VI) : Material Addressing and Analysis using Digital Virtual Factory for General Assembly Shop (자동차 가상생산 기술적용(VI) : 디지털 가상공장을 이용한 조립공장 자재배치 및 검토)

  • Lee, Kang-Gul;Kang, Hyoung-Seok;Noh, Sang-Do
    • IE interfaces
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.131-140
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    • 2008
  • To shorten product development time and cost, integrated information managements of product, manufacturing process and resource are essential. In the area of material addressing, process engineers should make their decisions in the manner of collaborative engineering in order to reduce the manufacturing preparation time and cost in the product development and production. A digital virtual factory which is an united digital model of entire factory could be very useful for these areas. In this paper, the digital virtual factory is constructed and used for material addressing and analysis of an automotive general assembly shop. We developed the material addressing system for automotive general assembly shops using digital virtual factory models and nesting algorithms, and applied it to realistic problems of a Korean automotive company as an convenient and effective way of material addressing.

A Hierarchical Expert System for Process Planning and Material Selection (공정계획과 재료선정의 동시적 해결을 위한 계층구조 전문가시스템)

  • 권순범;이영봉;이재규
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.29-40
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    • 2000
  • Process planning (selection and ordering of processes) and material selection for product manufacturing are two key things determined before taking full-scale manufacturing. Knowledge on product design. material characteristics, processes, time and cost all-together are mutually related and should be considered concurrently. Due to the complexity of problem, human experts have got only one of the feasilbe solutions with their field knowledge and experiences. We propose a hierarchical expert system framework of knowledge representation and reasoning in order to overcome the complexity. Manufacturing processes have inherently hierarchical relationships, from top level processes to bottom level operation processes. Process plan of one level is posted in process blackboard and used for lower level process planning. Process information on blackboard is also used to adjust the process plan in order to resolve the dead-end or inconsistency situation during reasoning. Decision variables for process, material, tool, time and cost are represented as object frames, and their relationships are represented as constraints and rules. Constraints are for relationship among variables such as compatibility, numerical inequality etc. Rules are for causal relationships among variables to reflect human expert\`s knowledge such as process precedence. CRSP(Constraint and Rule Satisfaction Problem) approach is adopted in order to obtain solution to satisfy both constraints and rules. The trade-off procedure gives user chances to see the impact of change of important variables such as material, cost, time and helps to determine the preferred solution. We developed the prototype system using visual C++ MFC, UNIK, and UNlK-CRSP on PC.

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