• Title/Summary/Keyword: Matching frequency

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26GHz 40nm CMOS Wideband Variable Gain Amplifier Design for Automotive Radar (차량용 레이더를 위한 26GHz 40nm CMOS 광대역 가변 이득 증폭기 설계)

  • Choi, Han-Woong;Choi, Sun-Kyu;Lee, Eun-Gyu;Lee, Jae-Eun;Lim, Jeong-Taek;Lee, Kyeong-Kyeok;Song, Jae-Hyeok;Kim, Sang-Hyo;Kim, Choul-Young
    • Journal of IKEEE
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    • v.22 no.2
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    • pp.408-412
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    • 2018
  • In this paper, a 26GHz variable gain amplifier fabricated using a 40nm CMOS process is studied. In the case of an automobile radar using 79 GHz, it is advantageous in designing and driving to drive down to a low frequency band or to use a low frequency band before up conversion rather than designing and matching the entire circuit to 79 GHz in terms of frequency characteristics. In the case of a Phased Array System that uses time delay through TTD (True Time Delay) in practice, down conversion to a lower frequency is advantageous in realizing a real time delay and reducing errors. For a VGA (Variable Gain Amplifier) operating in the 26GHz frequency band that is 1/3 of the frequency of 79GHz, VDD : 1V, Bias 0.95V, S11 is designed to be <-9.8dB (Mea. High gain mode) and S22 < (Mea. high gain mode), Gain: 2.69dB (Mea. high gain mode), and P1dB: -15 dBm (Mea. high gain mode). In low gain mode, S11 is <-3.3dB (Mea. Low gain mode), S22 <-8.6dB (Mea. low gain mode), Gain: 0dB (Mea. low gain mode), P1dB: -21dBm (Mea. Low gain mode).

Recognition of Resident Registration Card using ART2-based RBF Network and face Verification (ART2 기반 RBF 네트워크와 얼굴 인증을 이용한 주민등록증 인식)

  • Kim Kwang-Baek;Kim Young-Ju
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.12 no.1
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    • pp.1-15
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    • 2006
  • In Korea, a resident registration card has various personal information such as a present address, a resident registration number, a face picture and a fingerprint. A plastic-type resident card currently used is easy to forge or alter and tricks of forgery grow to be high-degree as time goes on. So, whether a resident card is forged or not is difficult to judge by only an examination with the naked eye. This paper proposed an automatic recognition method of a resident card which recognizes a resident registration number by using a refined ART2-based RBF network newly proposed and authenticates a face picture by a template image matching method. The proposed method, first, extracts areas including a resident registration number and the date of issue from a resident card image by applying Sobel masking, median filtering and horizontal smearing operations to the image in turn. To improve the extraction of individual codes from extracted areas, the original image is binarized by using a high-frequency passing filter and CDM masking is applied to the binaried image fur making image information of individual codes better. Lastly, individual codes, which are targets of recognition, are extracted by applying 4-directional contour tracking algorithm to extracted areas in the binarized image. And this paper proposed a refined ART2-based RBF network to recognize individual codes, which applies ART2 as the loaming structure of the middle layer and dynamicaly adjusts a teaming rate in the teaming of the middle and the output layers by using a fuzzy control method to improve the performance of teaming. Also, for the precise judgement of forgey of a resident card, the proposed method supports a face authentication by using a face template database and a template image matching method. For performance evaluation of the proposed method, this paper maked metamorphoses of an original image of resident card such as a forgey of face picture, an addition of noise, variations of contrast variations of intensity and image blurring, and applied these images with original images to experiments. The results of experiment showed that the proposed method is excellent in the recognition of individual codes and the face authentication fur the automatic recognition of a resident card.

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A Methodology for Automatic Multi-Categorization of Single-Categorized Documents (단일 카테고리 문서의 다중 카테고리 자동확장 방법론)

  • Hong, Jin-Sung;Kim, Namgyu;Lee, Sangwon
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.20 no.3
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    • pp.77-92
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    • 2014
  • Recently, numerous documents including unstructured data and text have been created due to the rapid increase in the usage of social media and the Internet. Each document is usually provided with a specific category for the convenience of the users. In the past, the categorization was performed manually. However, in the case of manual categorization, not only can the accuracy of the categorization be not guaranteed but the categorization also requires a large amount of time and huge costs. Many studies have been conducted towards the automatic creation of categories to solve the limitations of manual categorization. Unfortunately, most of these methods cannot be applied to categorizing complex documents with multiple topics because the methods work by assuming that one document can be categorized into one category only. In order to overcome this limitation, some studies have attempted to categorize each document into multiple categories. However, they are also limited in that their learning process involves training using a multi-categorized document set. These methods therefore cannot be applied to multi-categorization of most documents unless multi-categorized training sets are provided. To overcome the limitation of the requirement of a multi-categorized training set by traditional multi-categorization algorithms, we propose a new methodology that can extend a category of a single-categorized document to multiple categorizes by analyzing relationships among categories, topics, and documents. First, we attempt to find the relationship between documents and topics by using the result of topic analysis for single-categorized documents. Second, we construct a correspondence table between topics and categories by investigating the relationship between them. Finally, we calculate the matching scores for each document to multiple categories. The results imply that a document can be classified into a certain category if and only if the matching score is higher than the predefined threshold. For example, we can classify a certain document into three categories that have larger matching scores than the predefined threshold. The main contribution of our study is that our methodology can improve the applicability of traditional multi-category classifiers by generating multi-categorized documents from single-categorized documents. Additionally, we propose a module for verifying the accuracy of the proposed methodology. For performance evaluation, we performed intensive experiments with news articles. News articles are clearly categorized based on the theme, whereas the use of vulgar language and slang is smaller than other usual text document. We collected news articles from July 2012 to June 2013. The articles exhibit large variations in terms of the number of types of categories. This is because readers have different levels of interest in each category. Additionally, the result is also attributed to the differences in the frequency of the events in each category. In order to minimize the distortion of the result from the number of articles in different categories, we extracted 3,000 articles equally from each of the eight categories. Therefore, the total number of articles used in our experiments was 24,000. The eight categories were "IT Science," "Economy," "Society," "Life and Culture," "World," "Sports," "Entertainment," and "Politics." By using the news articles that we collected, we calculated the document/category correspondence scores by utilizing topic/category and document/topics correspondence scores. The document/category correspondence score can be said to indicate the degree of correspondence of each document to a certain category. As a result, we could present two additional categories for each of the 23,089 documents. Precision, recall, and F-score were revealed to be 0.605, 0.629, and 0.617 respectively when only the top 1 predicted category was evaluated, whereas they were revealed to be 0.838, 0.290, and 0.431 when the top 1 - 3 predicted categories were considered. It was very interesting to find a large variation between the scores of the eight categories on precision, recall, and F-score.

A CPS-type Microstrip Patch Antenna Design for 910MHz RFID Tags (CPS구조를 갖는 910MHz 대역 RFID Tag용 마이크로스트립 패치 안테나 설계)

  • Son, Myung-Sik;Cho, Byung-Mo
    • Journal of IKEEE
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    • v.12 no.3
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    • pp.144-150
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    • 2008
  • This paper describes the design of a coplanar-stripline(CPS) antenna without via hole in microstrip patch type for 910MHz RFID tags using the HFSS simulator. In order to obtain the simplified fabrication design of the antenna, we have used only an impedance matching network to match the impedance of a RFID-tag chip to that of the antenna, not using bandpass filter(BPF). In advance of the optimized antenna design, we have obtained and shown a good agreement compared with the published antenna for 5.8GHz in order to verify the simulation parameters in the HFSS. Based on the verified simulation parameters in the HFSS, we have designed and optimized the 910MHz-CPS-type microstrip patch antenna. The designed simulation results of the antenna show that the proposed antenna is very proper for RFID tags with the 910MHz center frequency without via hole in the microstrip patch antenna.

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Design & Fabrication of an InGaP/GaAs HBT MMIC Power Amplifier for IMT-2000 Handsets (IMT-2000 단말기용 InGaP/GaAs HBT MMIC 전력증폭기 설계 및 제작)

  • 채규성;김성일;이경호;김창우
    • The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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    • v.28 no.11A
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    • pp.902-911
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    • 2003
  • Using InGaP/GaAs HBT power cells with a 2.0${\times}$20$\mu\textrm{m}$$^2$ emitter area of a unit HBT, a two stage MMIC power amplifier has been developed for IMT-2000 handsets. An active-bias circuit has been used for temperature compensation and reduction in the idling current. Fitting on measured S-parameters of the HBT cells, circuit elements of HBT's nonlinear equivalent model have been extracted. The matching circuits have been designed basically with the extracted model. A two stage HBT MMIC power amplifier fabricated using ETRI's HBT process. The power amplifier produces an 1-㏈ compressed output power(P$\_$l-㏈/) of 28.4 ㏈m with 31% power added efficiency(PAE) and 23-㏈ power gain at 1.95 GHz in on-wafer measurement. Also, the power amplifier produces a 26 ㏈m output power, 28% PAE and a 22.3-㏈ power gain with a -40 ㏈c ACPR at a 3.84 ㎒ off-center frequency in COB measurement.quency in COB measurement.

Collision Tree Based Anti-collision Algorithm in RFID System (RFID시스템에서 충돌 트리 기반 충돌방지 알고리즘)

  • Seo, Hyun-Gon
    • Journal of KIISE:Information Networking
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    • v.34 no.5
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    • pp.316-327
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    • 2007
  • RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) is one of the most promising air interface technologies in the future for object identification using radio wave. If there are multiple tags within the range of the RFID tag reader, all tags send their tag identifications to the reader at the same time in response to the reader's query. This causes collisions on the reader and no tag is identified. A multi-tag identification problem is a core issue in the RFID. It can be solved by anti-collision algorithm such as slot based ALHOA algorithms and tree based algorithms. This paper, proposes a collision tree based anti-collision algorithm using collision tree in RFID system. It is a memory-less algorithm and is an efficient RFID anti-collision mechanism. The collision tree is a mechanism that can solve multi-tag identification problem. It is created in the process of querying and responding between the reader and tags. If the reader broadcasts K bits of prefix to multiple tags, all tags with the identifications matching the prefix transmit the reader the identifications consisted of k+1 bit to last. According to the simulation result, a proposed collision tree based anti-collision algorithm shows a better performance compared to tree working algorithm and query tree algorithm.

Design of a 2.4GHz CMOS Low Noise Amplifier (2.4GHz CMOS 저잡음 증폭기)

  • 최혁환;오현숙;김성우;임채성;권태하
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.7 no.1
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    • pp.106-113
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    • 2003
  • In this paper, we proposed low noise amplifier for 2.4GHz ISM frequency with CMOS technology. The property of noise and gain is improved by cascode architecture. The architecture, which common source output of cascode is connected to input of parallel MOS, reduce IM. The LNA results based on Hynix 0.35${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ 2poly 4metal CMOS processor with a 3.3V supply. It achieves a gain of 13dB, noise figure of 1.7dB, IP3 of 8dBm, Input/output matching of -31dB/-28dB, reverse isolation of -25dB. and power dissipation of 4.7mW with HSPICE simulation. The size of layout is smaller than 2 ${\times}$ 2mm with Mentor.

Associations between 24-hour Urine Sodium Excretion Level and Obesity-related Metabolic Risk Factors (비만인과 정상인에서 24시간 소변 내 나트륨 배출량과 비만관련 대사위험지표의 관련성)

  • Oh, Hyun Woo;Kim, Hyun Jung;Jun, Dae Won;Lee, Seung Min
    • Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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    • v.20 no.6
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    • pp.460-467
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    • 2015
  • Objectives: Excess sodium intake has been linked to obesity and obesity-related indices. However, the scientific evidence for this association is inadequate. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between urinary sodium excretion and obesity-related indices among Korean adults. Methods: A convenience sample of 120 subjects (60 obese and 60 non-obese subjects) were recruited applying frequency matching for sex and age between two groups. Sodium intake level was assessed through 24-hour urine collection. Obesity-related metabolic risk factors, including fasting blood lipid indices, subcutaneous and visceral fat through computed tomography (CT), insulin resistance indices, blood pressure and liver enzymes were measured in all subjects. These obesity-related metabolic risk factors were compared between obese and non-obese group according to sodium excretion levels (<110 mEq/day, 110~180 mEq/day, >180 mEq/day). Results: After adjusting for age, gender, health behaviors (smoking, exercise, drinking), and energy intake, several obesity-related metabolic risk factors, including abdominal circumference, body fat percentage, subcutaneous and visceral fat, triglyceride, and systolic blood pressure were found to be significantly deteriorated as the sodium excretion level increases. In addition, multivariate adjusted-odds ratios of abdominal obesity, high blood triglyceride, and high blood pressure were found significantly higher in the highest sodium excretion group compared to the lowest group. The mean number of metabolic syndrome risk factors was also significantly greater in the highest sodium excretion group than in the lowest group. Conclusions: The current study findings suggested that high sodium intake can affect obesity and metabolic syndrome risk negatively, implying the necessity of future research on low-sodium diet intervention in relation to obesity and related health problems.

A Comparative Study on the Working Memory and the Phonological Awareness between Children with Multi-cultural Families and General Families (다문화아동과 일반아동의 작업기억 및 음운인식 능력 비교 연구)

  • Park, Yoo Rin;Kwon, Do Ha
    • Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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    • v.13 no.11
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    • pp.5025-5032
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study is to compare the working memory and the phonological awareness between Children with multi-cultural families and general families. The research subjects were 15 multi-cultural and 15 general primary school students who were attending 1st-3rd grade in D city. Working memory tested K-TTFC-2 by standardized tool. Phonological awareness abilities was considering the age of the subjects, tested phoneme awareness. Data process was conducted by t -test and frequency test in SPSS program. The results were as follows. First, working memory comparison of both groups showed significant differences. Especially had significant difference in chapter 1, chapter 4. Second, comparison of phonological awareness between both groups showed significant statistic differences. Third, the Phonological awareness comparison of both groups showed that there are differences in sound matching(word medial coda), substituting middle sound in monosyllabic words, phoneme switching. This research result is considered that can be used as the fundamental data for the development of the therapy data considering the working memory and the phonological awareness of children with multi-cultural families.

Preprocessing Algorithm for Enhancement of Fingerprint Identification (지문이미지 인증률 향상을 위한 전처리 알고리즘)

  • Jung, Seung-Min
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SP
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    • v.44 no.3
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    • pp.61-69
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    • 2007
  • This paper proposes new preprocessing algorithm to extract minutiae in the process of fingerprint recognition. Fingerprint images quality enhancement is a topic phase to ensure good performance in a topic phase to ensure good performance in a Automatic Fingerprint Identification System(AFIS) based on minutiae matching. This paper proposes an algorithm to improve fingerprint image preprocessing to extract minutiae accurately based on directional filter. We improved the suitability of low quality fingerprint images to better suit fingerprint recognition by using valid ridge vector and ridge probability of fingerprint images. With the proposed fingerprint improvement algorithm, noise is removed and presumed ridges are more clearly ascertained. The algorithm is based on five step: computation of effective ridge vector, computation of ridge probability, noise reduction, ridge emphasis, and orientation compensation and frequency estimation. The performance of the proposed approach has been evaluated on two set of images: the first one is self collected using a capacitive semiconductor sensor and second one is DB3 database from Fingerprint Verification Competition (FVC).