• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.147-170
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• 2014

In the recent times, dimensions of heavy load carrying vehicle have changed significantly incorporating structural flexibility in vehicle body. The present paper outlines a procedure for the estimation of bridge response statistics considering structural bending modes of the vehicle. Bridge deck roughness has been considered to be non homogeneous random process in space. Influence of pre cambering of bridge surface and settlement of approach slab on the dynamic behavior of the bridge has been studied. A parametric study considering vehicle axle spacing, mass, speed, vehicle flexibility, deck unevenness and eccentricity of vehicle path have been conducted. Dynamic amplification factor (DAF) of the bridge response has been obtained for several of combination of bridge-vehicle parameters. The present study reveals that flexible modes of vehicle can reduce dynamic response of the bridge to the extent of 30-37% of that caused by rigid vehicle model. However, sudden change in the bridge surface profile leads to significant amount of increment in the bridge dynamic response even if flexible bending modes remain active. The eccentricity of vehicle path and flexural/torsional rigidity ratios plays a significant role in dynamic amplification of bridge response.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제61권9호
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• pp.1242-1248
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• 2012

Electric vehicle usage is currently very low, but it will be increase with development of electric vehicle technology and a good government policy. Moreover in 2020, advanced electric vehicle manufacturing system will give high performance for its price and mass production. Electric vehicle will become widespread in Korea. From an operational and a planned viewpoint, the electric power demand should be considered in relation to diffusion of electric vehicles. This paper presents the impact of the various battery charge systems. A comparison is performed for electric vehicle charging methods such as, normal charging, fast charging, and battery swapping. In addition, economic evaluation for the replaceable battery system and the quick battery charging system is performed through basic information about charging Infrastructure installation cost. The results of the evaluation show that replaceable battery system is more economical and reliable in side of electric power demand than quick battery charging system.

• 지질공학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.445-456
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• 2003

배면그라우팅과 압밀그라우팅 보강기슬은 터널의 안정성 향상을 위해 터널현장에서 활발히 사용되고있다. 그러나 이에 대한 시공 및 관리 기술 연구는 상대적으로 대단히 미흡한 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 심부에 위치한 도수로 터널 시험 구간에 대하여 그라우팅 전후의 각종 현장 시험과 라이닝 계측을 실시하여 압밀그라우팅 및 배면그라우팅 보강이 콘크리트 라이닝의 응력 및 변형 특성에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 터널 그라우팅 보강 효과를 연구한 결과, 그라우팅 보강으로 인해 암반의 탄성계수는 최대 5배까지 증가하였으며 전체적으로 그라우팅의 고결효과는 주목할 만 하였다. 또한, 라이닝 배면에 작용하는 그라우팅 압력은 주입압의 약 10%에 불과하였다. 본 연구 결과는 콘크리트 라이닝 설계시 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 센서학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.209-213
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• 2010

This paper describes the fabrication and characteristics of AlN piezoelectric MPG(micro power generator). The micro energy harvester was fabricated to convert ambient vibration energy to electrical power as a AlN piezoelectric cantilever with Si proof-mass. To be compatible with CMOS process, AlN thin film was grown at low temperature by RF magnetron sputtering and micro power generators were fabricated by MEMS technologies. X-ray diffraction pattern proved that the grown AlN film had highly(002) orientation with low value of FWHM(full width at the half maximum, $\theta=0.276^{\circ}$) in the rocking curve around(002) reflections. The implemented harvester showed the $198.5\;{\mu}m$ highest membrane displacement and generated 6.4 nW of electrical power to $80\;k{\Omega}$ resistive load with $22.6\;mV_{rms}$ voltage from 1.0 G acceleration at its resonant frequency of 389 Hz. From these results, the AlN piezoelectric MPG will be possible to suitable with the batch process and confirm the possibility for power supply in portable, mobile and wearable microsystems.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.2539-2544
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• 2014

전자제품의 생산량이 증가함에 따라 생산기계의 구조 때문에 불량품을 많아진다. 본 연구에서의 스마트폰 렌즈는 생산하는 과정에서 기계에서 발생하는 진동 때문에 깨지는 확률이 많다. 스마트폰 렌즈의 연구 모델에서는 가이드레일에 장착된 Robot의 질량에 따라서 Robot에 여러 가지 하중을 작용하여 진동해석을 하였다. 본 연구에서의 해석결과는 조립 자동화에 의한 스마트폰 렌즈의 생산기계 시스템에 대한 안전설계와 개발에 필요한 자료를 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.299-308
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• 2020

This study aims to carry out the experimental and numerical investigation on the flexural behavior of sandwich honeycomb composite (SHC) beams reinforced with novel triaxially woven fabric composite skins. Different stacking sequences of the carbon fiber reinforcement polymer (CFRP) laminate; i.e., 0°-direction of TW (TW0), 0°-direction of UD (UD0), and 90°-direction of UD (UD90) were studied, from which the flexural behavior of SHC beam behaviors reinforced with TW0/UD0 or TW0/UD90 novel laminated skins were compared with those reinforced with UD0/90 conventional laminated skins under four-point loading. Generally, TW0/UD0 SHC beams displayed the same flexural stiffness as UD0/90 SHC beams in terms of load-deflection relationships. In contrast, TW0/UD90 SHC beams showed a 70% lower efficiency than those of UD0/90 SHC. Hence, the TW0/UD0 laminate arrangement is more effective with a mass reduction of 39% compared with UD0/90 for SHC beams, although their stiffness and shear strength are practically identical.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권4호
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• pp.513-528
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• 2020

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the residual behavior of reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (RRAC) beam-columns after exposure to elevated temperatures. Two parameters were considered in this test: (a) recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentages (i.e. 0, 30, 50, 70 and 100%); (b) high temperatures (i.e. 20, 200, 400, 600, and 800℃). A total of 25 RRAC short columns and 32 RRAC beams were conducted and subjected to different high temperatures for 1 h. After cooling down to ambient temperature, the following basic physical and mechanical properties were then tested and discussed: (a) surface change and mass loss ratio; (b) strength of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) and steel subjected to elevated temperatures; (c) bearing capacity of beam-columns; (d) load-deformation curve. According to the test results, the law of performance degradation of RRAC beam-columns after exposure to high temperatures is analyzed. Finally, introducing the influence coefficient of RCA replacement percentage and high temperatures, respectively, to correct the calculation formulas of bearing capacity of beam-columns in Chinese Standard, and then the residual bearing capacity of RRAC beam-columns subjected elevated temperatures is calculated according to the modified formulas, the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.328-334
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• 2019

Underwater architecture in providing a comfortable living space underwater is mandated to survive prevailing environmental loads, especially hydrostatic ambient water pressure exerted on the structure of individual habitat hulls at depth and hydrodynamic fluctuation of external forces that perturb the postural equilibrium and mooring stability of the underwater housing system, for which the design including the hull shape and mooring system constraint the responses. In this study, the postural stability of a proposed underwater floating housing system with three vertically connected ellipsoidal-shape habitat hulls of different sizes are theorized and calculated for hydrostatic stability, using MATLAB in the volumetric integration of a hull and the weight of operational loads under assumed scenarios. The assumptions made in the numerical method to estimate the stability of the habitat system include the fixed weight of the hulls, and their adjustable loads within operational limits for the set meteorological oceanic conditions. The purpose of this study was to numerically manipulate a) The buoyancy and b) The adjusted center of mass of the system within the range of designed external and internal load changes, by which the effective mooring system capability and postural equilibrium requirements were argued with the quantitative analysis.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.135-154
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• 2002

This paper presents the convected material frame approach to study the nonlinear behavior of inelastic frame structures. The convected material frame approach is a modification of the co-rotational approximation by incorporating an adaptive convected material frame in the basic definition of the displacement vector and strain tensor. In the formulation, each discrete element is associated with a local coordinate system that rotates and translates with the element. For each load increment, the corresponding strain-displacement and nodal force-stress relationships are defined in the updated local coordinates, and based on the updated element geometry. The rigid body motion and deformation displacements are decoupled for each increment. This modified approach incorporates the geometrical nonlinearities through the continuous updating of the material frame geometry. A generalized nonlinear function is used to derive the inelastic constitutive relation and the kinematic hardening is considered. The equation of motion is integrated by an explicit procedure and it involves only vector assemblage and vector storage in the analysis by assuming a lumped mass matrix of diagonal form. Several numerical examples are demonstrated in close agreement with the solutions obtained by the ANSYS code. Numerical studies show that the proposed approach is capable of investigating large deflection of inelastic planar structures and providing an excellent numerical performance.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.29-43
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• 2016

Composite materials are rapidly gaining popularity as an alternative to metals for structural and load bearing applications in the aerospace, automotive, alternate energy and consumer industries. With the advent of thermoplastic composites and advances in recycling technologies, fully recyclable composites are gaining ground over traditional thermoset composites. Stamp forming as an alternative processing technique for sheet products has proven to be effective in allowing the fast manufacturing rates required for mass production of components. This study investigates the feasibility of using the stamp forming technique for the processing of thermoplastic, recyclable composite materials. The material system used in this study is a self-reinforced polypropylene composite material (Curv$^{(R)}$). The investigation includes a detailed experimental study based on strain measurements using a non-contact optical measurement system in conjunction with stamping equipment to record and measure the formability of the thermoplastic composites in real time. A Design of Experiments (DOE) methodology was adopted to elucidate the effect of process parameters that included blank holder force, pre heat temperature and feed rate on stamp forming. DOE analyses indicate that feed rate had negligible influence on the strain evolution during stamp forming and blank holder force and preheat temperature had significant effect on strain evolution during forming.