• 천문학회보
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.46-46
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• 2014

Interactions such as mergers and flybys play a fundamental role in shaping galaxy morphology. We used the Horizon Run 4 cosmological N-body simulations to study the frequency and the type of halo interactions as a function of the environment, the separation p, the mass ratio q, and the target halo mass. We defined targets as haloes more massive than 10^11 Msun/h, and a target is interacting if it is located within the virial radius of a neighbour halo more massive than 0.4 times the target mass. We find that the interaction rate as a function of time has a universal shape for different halo mass and large-scale density, with an increase and saturation. Larger density yield steeper slopes and larger final interaction rates, while larger masses saturate later. Most interactions happen at large-scale density contrast ${\delta}$ about 10^3, regardless of the redshift. We also report the existence of two modes of interactions in the (p,q) plane, reflecting the nature (satellite or main halo) of the target halo. These two trends strongly evolve with redshift, target mass, and large-scale density. Interacting pairs have similar spins parameters and aligned spins, with radial trajectories, and prograde encounters for non-radial trajectories. The satellite trajectories become less and less radial as time proceed. This effect is stronger for higher-mass target, but independent of the large-scale density.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.89-93
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• 2014

Lincomycin is one of the major species among the Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) detected from the four major rivers in Korea. The structure characterization was performed of six degradation products of lincomycin formed under the irradiation of electron beam, and the degradation efficiency as a function of the various irradiation dose and sample concentration was investigated. Electron beam (10 MeV, 0.5 mA and 5 kW) experiments for the structural characterization of degradation products that are fortified with lincomycin, were performed at the dose of 10 kGy. The separation of degradation products and lincomycin was carried out using a C18 column ($2.1{\times}100$ mm, $3.5{\mu}m$), using gradient elution with 20 mM ammonium acetate and acetonitrile. The structures of six degradation products of lincomycin were proposed by interpretation of mass spectra and chromatograms by LC-MS/MS. The mass fragmentation pathways of mass spectra in tandem mass spectrometry were also proposed. Experiments were performed of the degradation efficiency as a function of the irradiation dose intensity and the initial concentration of lincomycin in an aqueous environment. In addition, increased degradation efficiency was observed with a higher dose of electron beam and lower concentration.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.435-440
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• 2022

The development and introduction of a Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship (MASS) are some of the most important changes leading to the fourth industrial era in the maritime area. The term 'MASS' refers to a ship operating independently, without human intervention, to reduce maritime accidents caused by human errors. Recent UK findings MASS also noted that particularly the dynamic positioning system will be considered to apply as newly function to a MASS. The DP system, a ship system developed decades ago and used for specific purposes like offshore operations, provides various functions to facilitate the accurate movements of the vessel, and operators can make decisions within the DP system, in addition to the ordinary ship system. In this paper, it would like to present the connection and application method with the main technical elements of the DP system in connection with the main technology of the DP system to achieve the safe operation of a MASS. In particular, among various position reference systems, the capability plot function of DP system, and the "follow target" mode in the operation mode are attractive functions that can contribute to the safe operation of autonomous ships.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.173-177
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• 2023

Kendrick plots offer an alternative visualization of mass spectral data which reveals ion series and patterning by turning a mass spectrum into a map, plotting the fractional mass (wrongly called mass defect) as a function of mass-to-charge ratios and ion abundances. Although routinely used for polymer mass spectrometry, two unreported applications of these Kendrick plots are proposed using the program "kendo2": the graphical recalibration of a mass spectrum via the simulation of a theoretical fractional mass and a multi-segment fit; and the rapid evaluation of scan-to-scan variation of accurate mass measurements used as tolerances for the blank subtraction of UPLC-MS data files. Both applications are compatible with any type of high-resolution MS data including LC/GC-MS(/MS).

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.28-31
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• 2015

A case report of a patient who developed radiation-induced sarcoma in the left chest wall is presented. The patient had partial mastectomy and adjuvant radiation therapy (total dose, 5,220 cGy) and chemotherapy. Five years later, she visited with rapidly growing mass with central ulceration in the irradiated chest wall. The mass was diagnosed as malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The chest wall mass resected en bloc ($23{\times}18cm$) including five consecutive ribs. After the defected thoracic cage was reinforced using a polytetrafluoroethylene patch, omental flap and split thickness skin graft was done for soft tissue coverage. We applied negative pressure wound closer system for effective suction of omeantal exudate. The wound healed without complications. The patient suffered no perioperative pulmonary complications. Pulmonary function tests showed no significant changes. Each of Gore-Tex, omental flap, negative pressure wound therapy and skin graft is widely used method. However, If these methods are used in combination, we can reconstruct the large defect of chest wall including multiple ribs without any repiratory function problems.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 1996년도 한국자동제어학술회의논문집(국내학술편); 포항공과대학교, 포항; 24-26 Oct. 1996
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• pp.767-770
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• 1996

A H$\_$.inf./ contro theory was applied to motor speed control of two-mass system to get controller which acts effectively with control object including uncertainties. The H$\_$.inf./ control problem was composed and solved. After that, numerical simulation were executed to confirm ability of the controller which compared with PI controller.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2010

The fuel is not injected when the driver doesn't push acceleration pedal of a vehicle with engine speed higher than about 1,500rpm above mid vehicle speed range. This is called "fuel-cut function" and almost every modern vehicle is equipped with this function. This is activated on downhill part of a highway most often. Therefore the vehicle-exhausted $CO_2$ can be zero in this downhill part if the driver could recognize this part of highway. We compared the vehicle-exhausted $CO_2$ emission when using fuel-cut function with the $CO_2$ mass when without using this function in this study. We found that the $CO_2$ emission reduced with fuel-cut function and measured the reduction rate of vehicle-exhausted $CO_2$ mass with this test results. The exhausted $CO_2$ mass of a passenger car(2,000cc engine volume) is reduced by 4% with this function used. This $CO_2$ reduction effect can be achieved if the downhill part of a highway is painted with a specific color. And this road painting can be included in the highway road rehabilitation policy.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.208-234
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• 2003

This study aims to investigate the effect of Neuromuscular Re-education Program and Traditional Intervention Program and is focusing on the difference between changes of experimental before and after on 30 stroke patient's body composition, blood lipid levels, physical motor function. The obtained results are as follows; 1. Change in body composition 1) The change due to the Neuromuscular Re-education Program and Traditional Intervention Program before and after, the Fat Mass and Soft Lean Mass were changed but not significantly. 2) In the comparison of change according to duration, Significant differences were not shown in Fat Mass and Soft Lean Masss between The experimental group and control group. 2. Change in blood lipid levels 1) The change due to the Neuromuscular Re-education Program and Traditional intervention Program before and after, the Cholesterol, Glucose and TG were changed but not significantly. 2) In the comparison of change according to duration, Significant differences were not shown in the Cholesterol, Glucose and TG between the Experimental group and Control group. 3. Change in physical motor function 1) The change due to Neuromuscular Reeducation Program before and after. The physical motor function was significantly changed(p<0.01; p<0.05). but Traditional Intervention Program was changed but not significantly. 2) In the comparison of change according to duration, Signicant differences between the Experimental group and Control group was significantly changed in only the Neuromuscular Reeducation Program(p<0.05). In conclusion, The Neuromuscular Reeducation Program were not changed significantly but it can be said that the Neuromuscular Reeducation Program was more suitable for intervention to improve physical motor function of stroke patients than Traditional Intervention Program. Therefore if further studies increase the experimental duration of Reeducation Program and make the patient's reeducation continuously for improvement of physical motor function in stroke patient are needed.

• 한국해안·해양공학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.108-116
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• 2009

유한요소법에 사용되어 효율적으로 파랑변형을 해석할 수 있는 (Legendre 보간 함수) 방법을 소개하였다. 고차의 보간함수를 사용하는 유한요소모형은 대부분이 Lagrangian 보간 함수를 사용한다. 이 경우, 적은 수의 요소를 사용하고도 정확한 결과를 얻을 수 있다는 장점이 있지만 결과를 얻기 위해 소요되는 시간이 증가한다는 단점이 있다. Mass lumping을 통하여 계산 시간을 절약할 수는 있지만 이 경우에는 해의 정확성이 떨어진다는 단점이 있어 정확도를 향상시키기 위하여 요소의 수를 증가시켜 다시 계산시간이 증대되는 문제가 생기게 된다. 본 연구에서 Lagrangian 보간 함수의 변형된 형태인 Legendre 보간함수에 수치적분을 사용하여 mass lumping을 수행한 것과 같이 대각 행렬을 만들어 시간 절약의 효과를 얻으면서도 정확도가 어느 정도 유지되는 방법을 소개하였다. Boussinesq 방정식을 이용한 다양한 수치 계산을 통하여 본 연구에서 제안하는 방법의 우수성을 검증하였다.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.187-195
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• 2023

Sarcopenia is a phenomenon in which muscle function, including muscle strength, deteriorates as muscle mass decreases in the process of increasing age. The diagnosis of sarcopenia utilizes total muscle mass and limb muscle mass, and limb muscle mass is expressed as height squared, body weight, and BMI. Each divided value is used as an index, mainly less than 7.23 kg/m2 for men and less than 5.67 kg/m2 for women. Grip strength, standing up from a chair, and walking speed were mainly used as physical function factors, and grip strength less than 27 kg for men and less than 16 kg for women were used as indicators. The limb muscle mass showed a decreasing trend after peaking in the mid-20s in men, and maintaining a gradual peak in women from the mid-20s to the mid-40s, showing a more rapid decline in men. The rate of decrease in muscle mass and strength continues to increase after the age of 20, and muscle strength rapidly decreases after the age of 80. In Korean men, total muscle mass and limb muscle mass show a decreasing trend from the mid-30s, and a more markedly rapid decrease from the age of 60. For women, it remains constant from the age of 30 to the age of 50, then gradually decreases after the mid-50s, and shows a rather rapid decrease after the mid-70s, showing a more gradual decrease than that of men. Men show a sharp decrease from the mid-40s when limb muscle mass is divided by height squared, and women show a marked decrease after 70 years old when limb muscle mass is divided by height squared. Exercise for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia results in an increase in protein assimilation hormone, an increase in antioxidant activity, a decrease in inflammation, an increase in muscle insulin sensitivity, and an increase in protein synthesis. Resistance exercise is basically used, and aerobic exercise and equilibrium A combination of exercises is effective. In addition, for a more efficient effect of sarcopenia through resistance exercise, it is necessary to supplement nutrition including protein.