• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2007

Air-conditioners use a spirally coiled capillary tube as an expansion device to enhance compactness of the unit. However, most empirical correlations in open literature were developed for straight capillary tubes without considering coiled effects on the mass flow rate. The objectives of this study are to investigate the flow characteristics of coiled capillary tubes and to develop a generalized correlation for mass flow rate through coiled capillary tubes. The mass flow rates through the coiled capillary tubes and straight capillary tubes were measured by varying operating conditions and tube geometry. The condensing temperatures varied at 40.5, 47.5 and $54.5^{\circ}C$, and subcoolings altered at 3.5, 6.5 and $11.5^{\circ}C$. The mass flow rates of the coiled capillary tubes decreased by 5 to 16% compared with those of the straight capillary tubes at the same operating conditions. An empirical correlation was developed by introducing equivalent length of capillary tube with non-dimensional parameters for coiled shape. The present correlation predicts the data with average and standard deviations of 0.33% and 3.24%, respectively.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제20권12호
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• pp.723-729
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• 2019

터보과급기는 엔진에 장착하여 연비를 개선하는 효과적인 장치로 디젤엔진과 가솔린엔진 모두에서 광범위하게 사용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 승용차용 가솔린엔진에 사용되는 트윈스크롤 터보과급기에서 발생하는 맥동유동의 질량유량을 측정하였다. 자체 설계 제작한 맥동유동장치를 사용하여 맥동이 있는 비정상상태에서 유동의 질량유량을 측정하였고, 맥동이 없는 정상상태의 질량유량과 비교 분석하였다. 맥동유동장치는 회전하는 상판과 고정된 하판을 사용하여 변하는 엔진의 배기밸브 유효면적을 반영하였다. 맥동이 있는 비정상상태 질량유량을 측정하기 위하여 차압식 압력계를이용한 오리피스 유량계를 사용하였다. 이때 기체의 온도와 절대압력을 측정하여 기체 밀도 변화를 고려하였다. 터보과급기의 저속 성능을 분석하기 위하여 압축공기를 사용하여 터보과급기 회전속도 60,000rpm에서 100,000rpm의 범위에서 측정을 수행하였다. 비정상상태의 질량유량은 정상상태와 비교하여 크게 다른 결과를 보였다. 정상상태 질량유량 계수는 터빈 팽창비가 증가함에서 따라 증가하지만, 비정상상태 질량유량 계수는 정상상태 값 주변의 히스테리시스 루프를 형성하며 변화량은 정상유동 기준 최대 5.0배이다. 이것은 맥동유동에 의하여 터빈 볼류트 공간에서 충진과 방출이 일어나기 때문이다.

• 한국금형공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국금형공학회 2008년도 하계 학술대회
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• pp.135-139
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• 2008

Development of surface heating technology using hot jet impingement onto mold inner surface for improvement of pattern transcription. This study is focused on how to control the parameters related to hot jet impingement. The mass flow rate, the jet temperature and the duration of the impingement are major parameters. The nozzle design and other geometric configurations also affect the heat transfer to the surface. In terms of heat transfer analysis, the most important number is the heat transfer coefficient, which is influenced by the mass flow rate, nozzle design, distance between the nozzle tip and the surface. In summary, several parametric studies using the developed model are conducted to investigate the effects of mass flow rate, jet temperature and Heating Time in Surface heating technology using hot jet impingement onto mold.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2009년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1680-1686
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• 2009

삼각 분리 막대형 차압 유량계 압력 탭의 가공 조건에 따른 유량 특성을 연구하였다. 삼각 분리 막대탭 차압 유량계에 가공한 압력 탭의 크기는 1.0 mm 또는 1.5 mm로 하였다. 압력 탭의 개수는 5개 또는 17개로 가공하였다. 삼각 분리 막대탭 차압 유량계와 층류유량계를 직결한 후 유량 특성을 검정하였다. 삼각 분리 막대탭 차압 유량계의 질량 유량을 무차원 파라미터 H를 사용하여 나타내었다. H는 TSB 유량계에서의 배압, 기체 온도, 유량계 상류압과 하류압 간의 차압을 포함하는 무차원 파라미터이다. TSB 유량계의 질량 유량과 H 간에는 선형적 관계를 보였다. 압력 탭의 개수 보다는 압력 탭의 직경이 TSB 차압유량계의 유량 특성에 더 큰 영향을 미쳤다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.419-430
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• 1999

Measurements of local blowing ratio and ammonia-diazo flow visualizations have been conducted for a shower-head film cooling on a first-stage turbine stator. In this study, six rows of normal holes are drilled symmetrically on the semicircular leading edge of a simulated blunt body. The measurements show that for an average blowing ratio based on freestream velocity, M, of 0.5, local average mass flow rate through the first two rows of the holes is less than those through the second and third two rows of the holes, and the fraction of mass flow rate through the first two rows to total mass flow rate has a tendency to increase with the increment of M. The flow visualizations reveal that the injection through the first two row results in inferior film coverage even In the case of M = 0.5, meanwhile the row of holes situated at farther downstream location provides higher film-cooling performances for all tested M. This is because film-cooling effectiveness depends on local mainflow velocity at the hole location as well as the mass flow rate through each row.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.131-139
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• 2000

A direct hydrogen liquefaction equipment has been developed and tested, which consists of a GM refrigerator, a liquefaction vessel, a radiation shield, a cryostat, and an ortho-para converter with catalyst. The effect of ortho-para hydrogen conversion on the performance of hydrogen liquefaction has been investigated. The time needed for the hydrogen liquefaction process with hydrogen pressure charge of 4 atm was delayed to around 75 minutes, and the liquefied mass flow rate of the hydrogen was about 0.0150∼ 0.0205 g/s when the hydrogen was liquefied with the direct hydrogen liquefaction system considering ortho-para conversion. With ortho-para conversion, the liquefied mass flow rate decreased up to 20%. Considering ortho-para conversion, there were up to 30% increase in the work input per unit liquefied mass flow rate. When the ortho-para conversion was considered, FOM decreased to be about 0.031∼0.045.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제15권8호
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• pp.690-696
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• 2003

This paper presents the heat recovery performance of water fluidized-bed heat exchanger. Temperature and humidity ratio of waste gas are considered as important parameters in this study. Therefore, the heat recovery rate through water fluidized-bed heat exchanger for exhaust gases with various temperatures and humidity ratios can be estimated from the results of this study. Mass flow ratio (the ratio of mass flow rate of water to that of gas) and temperature of inlet water are also considered as important operating variables. Increase of heat recovery rate can be obtained through either high mass flow ratio or low temperature of inlet water with resultant low recovered temperature. The heat recovery performance with the mass flow ratio of about up to 10 has been investigated. The effect of number of stages of water fluidized-bed on the heat recovery performance has been also examined in this study.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.92-101
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• 1996

In a gasoline engine, the characteristics of air flow is very important not only for the design of the intake system geometry bout also for the accurate measurement of the induction air mass. In this study, an air flow rate measurement of the induction air mass. In this study, an air flow rate measurement was conducted by using the hot wire flow meter at the upstream of the intake port and the throttle. At the upstream of the throttle, the overshoot phenomena of the air flow rate by fast throttle opening were analyzed with choked flow. At the upstream of the intake port, the cylinder variation of the air flow rate and the difference between fast throttle opening and closing were showed during the unsteady state by the throttle step change. The results of this study can be used for the design of the throttle valve geometry and cylinder by cylinder control.

• 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.29-34
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• 2008

This paper describes the fabrication and characterization of a differential pressure type integrated mass-flow controller made of stainless steel for reactive and corrosive gases. The fabricated mass-flow controller is composed of a normally closed valve and differential pressure sensor. A stacked solenoid actuator mounted on a base-block is utilized for precise and rapid control of gas flow. The differential pressure flow sensor consisting of four diaphragms can detect a flow rate by deflection of diaphragm. By a feedback control from the flow sensor to the valve actuator, it is possible to keep the flow rate constant. This device shows a fast response less than 0.3 sec. Also, this device shows accuracy less than 0.1% of full scale. It is confirmed that this device is not attacked by toxic gas, so the integrated mass-flow controller can be applied to advanced semiconductor processes which need fine mass-flow control corrosive gases with fast response.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권2호
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• pp.271-278
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• 2020

The investigation into a full-scale 27 m high, by 6 m wide, thermosyphon loop. The simulation model is based on a one-dimensional axially-symmetrical control volume approach, where the loop is divided into a series of discreet control volumes. The three conservation equations, namely, mass, momentum and energy, were applied to these control volumes and solved with an explicit numerical method. The flow is assumed to be quasi-static, implying that the mass-flow rate changes over time. However, at any instant in time the mass-flow rate is constant around the loop. The boussinesq approximation was invoked, and a reasonable correlation between the experimental and theoretical results was obtained. Experimental results are presented and the flow regimes of the working fluid inside the loop identified. The results indicate that a series of such thermosyphon loops can be used as a cavity cooling system and that the one-dimensional theoretical model can predict the internal temperature and mass-flow rate of the thermosyphon loop.