• 영어영문학
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• 제55권2호
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• pp.215-240
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• 2009

This paper focuses on how Younghill Kang internalizes whiteness ideology through interracial romance to build himself as an oriental Yankee and recover his masculinity in his autobiographical novel East Goes West. This paper also focuses on Kang's strategy of racial and cultural hybridity presented in this novel. The theoretical basis of my argument is a mixture of Fanon's psychoanalysis in his Black Skin, White Masks, Bhabha's notion of mimicry in The Location of Culture, and notions related to race and gender of some Asian critics such as Patricia Chu, Jinqi Ling, and Lisa Lowe. In East Goes West, white women appear as "ladder of success" of successful assimilation and serve as cultural mediators and instructors and sometimes adversaries who Korean male immigrants have to win to establish identities in which Americanness, ethnicity, and masculinity are integrated. However, three Korean men, Chungpa Han, To Wan Kim, George Jum, who fall in love with white women fail to win their beloveds in marriage. George Jum fails to sustain a white dancer, Jun' interest. Kim wins the affection of Helen Hancock, a New England lady, but Kim commits suicide when he knows Helen killed herself because her family doesn't approve their relationship. Han's love for Trip remains vague, but Kang implies Han will continue his quest for "the spiritual home" as the name of "Trip." In East Goes West, Kang also attempts to challenge the imagining of a pure, monolithic, and naturalized white dominant U.S. Culture by exploring the cultural and racial hybridity shown by June and the various scenes of Halem in the 1920s. June who works for a Harlem cabaret is a white woman but she wears dark makeup. Kang questions the white face of America's self-understanding and racial constitution of a unified white American culture through June's racial masquerade. Kang shows that like Asian and black Americans, the white American also has an ambivalent racial identity through June's black mimicry and there is no natural and unchanging essence behind one's gender and race identity constitution.

• 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.59-81
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• 2021

본 연구는 TV 광고의 어린이 및 청소년의 재현 양식의 문제점을 파악하기 위해 어린이·청소년 등장 광고를 대상으로 양적 분석(2019년 5월~2020년 4월), 질적 분석(13편 사례)을 실시했다. 구체적인 사례에 대한 질적 분석 결과, 여아의 '성적 대상화' 및 여성 청소년의 '성적 스펙터클'로서의 재현, 여성성/남성성의 고정관념을 강화시키는 재현, 여아의 기부를 목적으로 한 동정의 대상화 등의 재현 유형으로 분석되었다. 이는 기존 광고에서의 고정된 성역할 재현을 그대로 답습하고 있음을 알 수 있으며 이러한 성의 이분법적 재현은 각종 성범죄, 성불평등의 시작점이라고 할 수 있다. 'N번방' 성착취 사건의 피해자 대부분은 여성 청소년이고 이들은 이분법적인 사고로 남성들의 성적 대상으로 여겨지고 있기 때문이다. TV 광고는 고질적인 여성성, 남성성의 이분법적 재현의 일부분이다. 이러한 재현을 문제시하고 들뢰즈와 가타리의 논의를 중심으로 대안적 사유를 제시한다.

• 영어영문학
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.187-217
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• 2010

By reading the main character, Rene Gallimard, in M. Butterfly as a spatial metaphor of America, this article examines how homogeneous American national identity of heterosexuality and white masculinity has been reinforced since the cold war and has constituted a crisis of hegemony with the decline of imperialism and how its pathological symptom is shown through the melancholic suicide of Gallimard. This article also argues how the feminine attributes implied in race, gender and sexuality in M. Butterfly are designated and allegorized as an impure, contaminated and ahistorical marker of national integrity in pthe social and material status of the heterosexual American white male. To develop my argument, I read M. Butterfly from a psychoanalytic point of view. Therefore I depend on Freud, Lacan, and Bhabha's psychoanalysis as the theoretical basis. In this paper, I also argue that the homogenized and fixed national identity is splitted and collapsed from within as shown in the Gallimard's melancholy and in the process of splitting the "Third Space" of hybrid subjects for the marginal and the emergent like Song Liling, a homosexual Asian man, can be built "from a space in-between." Therefore Hwang calls into questions conventions of fixed, essentialist identities through the shifting gender identities between Song and Gallimard in M. Butterfly and how identities in the plural are constructed variously in throughly historicized, politicized situations, and these constructions can be complicated by relations of power.

• 경영과정보연구
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.167-195
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• 2012

본 연구는 소비자행동에서 사회심리적 성의 역할과 그 활용에 대해 추가적인 제언을 하기 위한 것으로써 사회심리적 성과 그에 따른 쇼핑가치, 자기감시성의 수준, 그리고 구매의도 등을 다양한 상황에서 살펴보고 연구하는데 그 목적을 둔다. 제시된 가설을 검정하기 위해서 두 번의 실험을 실시하였다. 첫 번째 실험은 사회심리적 성에 따른 자아일치성과 구매의도를 검증하기 위한 것으로 2(제품[집단간 설계] : 남성성제품 / 여성성제품 ) ${\times}2$(사회심리적 성[집단 내 설계] : 남성성 / 여성성) 설정으로 실험을 실시하였다. 두번째 실험은 사회심리적 성과 자기감시수준, 구매의도의 관계를 검증하기 위해 실시되었으며 2(구매상황[집단 간 설계] : 남성지배적 상황 대 여성지배적 상황) ${\times}2$(사회심리적 성의 인식여부[집단 내 설계]: 여성성 남성 대 남성성 여성) ${\times}2$(자기감시성 수준[집단 내 설계] : 고 / 저) 설정을 하여 실험을 실시하였다. 분석 결과 피험자들은 자신의 사회심리적 성별에 적합한 제품에 더 높은 구매의도를 보이는 것으로 나타났으며 자극유형과 사회심리적 성의 상호작용 효과 역시 유의한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 쾌락적 쇼핑지향성은 여성성 집단에서 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 여성지배상황에서는 남성성여성의 구매의도가 더 높게 나타났고, 남성 지배상황에서는 여성성 남성의 구매의도가 더 높게 나타났다. 상황과 사회심리적 성의 이원상호작용이 유의하게 나타났는데, 이에 따라 남성 지배상황에서, 남성성을 띄는 여성들과 여성성을 띄는 남성들 간의 구매의도의 차이가 미미하며 여성 지배상황에서 남성성 여성과 여성성 남성간의 구매의도의 차이가 큰 폭으로 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 여성지배 상황에서의 여성성 남성의 구매의도보다 남성 지배상황에서의 남성성 여성의 구매의도도 더 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결론부를 통해서 이론적 실무적 시사점을 상세히 다루었다.

• Journal of Information Technology Applications and Management
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.131-148
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• 2011

Our work empirically investigates the cultural differences of Social Networking Service (SNS) users in China, Korea and U.S. We construct a survey questionnaire from existing literature and test it for reliability, validity, and model fit. Then we collect data and validate the cultural differences of SNS users in three nations. Our results show different rankings from existing literature in cultural dimensions about three nations. In terms of masculinity, we find China > U.S. > Korea, similar to Hofstede. In individualism, we find U.S. > Korea > China, different from Hofstede (U.S. > China > Korea). In power distance, it is shown that Korea > China > U.S., different from Hofstede (China > Korea > U.S.). Uncertainty avoidance is found that U.S. > Korea > China, lowered ranking of Korea from the top among three nations in Hofstede. We find that these outcomes would be useful in updating national culture of the three nations and for future research about cultural impacts on SNS adoption.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.226-250
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore whether the perceptions of materialistic realities of South Korean university students can be explained by individual experience and media use. We examined: 1) relative consequences of awareness of discrimination experience and amounts of time spent on genre-specific media on perceptions of materialistic realities, 2) whether cultural orientation (allocentrism, self-monitoring, and masculinity) influences explanatory factors of awareness of discrimination experience, 3) conditions of countervailing responses to materialistic reality. As a result of analyzing the online survey data of 330 university students in Seoul, the amount of time spent on the beauty or fashion genre and awareness of discrimination experience explained the perceptions of materialist reality in Korean society. Although the perceptions that affected the accommodative response did not affect countervailing response, innovativeness had an interaction effect with perceptions of materialist reality in only countervailing response. Finally, the implications of these findings were discussed.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.626-638
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• 2018

Recent perspectives on masculinity have changed and are expressed as a genderless style in fashion. Male models wearing womenswear are frequently presented in menswear collections. This study analyzes the genderless men's styles from the Heterotopia concept viewpoint. Heterotopia, coined by the post-modern philosopher Michel Foucault, is a space that deviates from normality and a space of alternative. The research methodology is combined with a literature study and case study. Contemporary men's genderless styles examined through the Heterotopia concept are categorized as transition, deviation, contradiction, crisis, and coexistence. Genderless phenomenon are also accelerated by the development of the media as well as the younger generation who express personality and social messages through a genderless style.

• 복식문화연구
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.755-765
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• 2006

This study is on the esthetic characteristics in the haute couture work of Chanel. It first reviews the lives and the fashion philosophy of Chanel, a senior designer and Lagerfeld as representatives of the maison, from the haute couture collection since 2000. The results of the study are the following. First, reinterpreting the tradition, Chanel reproduced historical dress items or silhouette with modern sense, or she created a new modern Chanel image through her original restructuring and dismantling. Second, Chanel expressed balanced beauty of compounded eclecticism by accord between simplicity and ornamentation, which meant her design showed impartial beauty with simple silhouette, decoration with colors, accessories, and ornaments. Third, Chanel did not divide the value between men and women, and instead expressed androgyny through dismantling each gender's characteristics by borrowing or mixing. As a result, she emphasized the female image or created a new style through expressing symbolic image embracing masculinity.

• 한국경영정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국경영정보학회 2007년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.565-570
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• 2007

With e-commerce becoming international, understanding the effects of national culture in consumer acceptance of e-commerce is required. This study examines consumer e-commerce acceptance in Korea and China. The research model consisting of perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, trust and perceived risk was proposed, and the hypotheses based on Hofstede's cultural dimensions of power distance, individualism/collectivism, masculinity/femininity, uncertainty avoidance and long-term orientation, were established. The results show that perceived usefulness contributes less to consumer acceptance of e-commerce in China than it does in Korea. In addition, perceived ease of use contributes more to consumer acceptance of e-commerce in China. Trust contributes significantly to consumer acceptance of e-commerce in both countries, but perceived risk didn't influence consumer acceptance of e-commerce in either country. The contribution of this study is to provide strategic insights for successfully managing cross-cultural e-commerce.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.537-547
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to develop the measurement of the fashion sensibility. The stimulus were 91 photos selected in fashion magazines and had dominant visual power under detail, color, texture and pattern in the elements of fashion design. The semantic differential scale was constructed bipolar 25 pairs. The obtained data were analyzed by cluster analysis, factor analysis, ANOVA and t-test. The results were as follows; 1. The hierarchical structure was combined a natural and interesting, sensitive and lovely fashion sensibility. 2. The constructing factors of fashion sensibility were found out as aesthetic value, maturity, character and femininity·masculinity.(total variance: 55.7%) 3. Fashion sensibility by elements of fashion design was significantly different regarding all factors. 4. Fashion sensibility by demographic variables sex, age, marriage, education, occupation and expenditure was significantly different regarding partial factors.