• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.129-139
• /
• 2021

We studied the consumer preference for the packaging of "Samgyetang" retort product in order to improve its function and design. A total of 319 eligible respondents (male 175, female 144) were surveyed with a questionnaire asking on the general characteristics for the preference of the packaging function, type of retort package, packaging design, convenience, cooking method of retort product and characteristics of "Samgyetang" retort product. The collected data was analyzed using a chi-square (X²) statistical test in SPSS program. The results showed that the retort packages with opacity and microwaveable types were preferred. Also, most respondents expressed that it needs to be improved for cooking convenience. Another question results showed that the consumers are considering the taste and cost of a product more important than the brand of its product when purchasing. Based on the results of the questionnaire, the study suggested that many consumers want the convenience of packaging and product protection for high value added product. The results help to provide consumer's demand for packaging development and to provide the greatest advantages in terms of production and marketability of "Samgyetang" retort product.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.141-152
• /
• 2022

As interest increases related to the development of eco-friendly energy, the offshore wind turbine market is growing at an increasing rate every year. In line with this, the demand for an installation vessel with large scaled capacity is also increasing rapidly. The wind turbine installation vessel (WTIV) is a fixed penetration of the spudcan in the sea-bed to install the wind turbine. At this time, a review of the spudcan is an important issue regarding structural safety in the entire structure system. In the study, we analyzed the current procedure suggested by classification of societies and new procedures reflect the new loading scenarios based on reasonable operating conditions; which is also verified through FE-analysis. The current procedure shows that the maximum stress is less than the allowable criteria because it does not consider the effect of the sea-bed slope, the leg bending moment, and the spudcan shape. However, results of some load conditions as defined by the new procedure confirm that it is necessary to reinforce the structure to required levels under actual pre-load conditions. Therefore, the new procedure considers additional actual operating conditions and the possible problems were verified through detailed FE-analysis.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.251-256
• /
• 2021

Currently, in the field of community service, it is expected that the demand will further increase in the future by enabling the form of providing various types of services. However, the local community service investment project is an abstract Although the structure for fair competition was created by introducing a market mechanism derived from the action or principle of psychology that affects human behavior in the field, systematic management and monitoring of the quality of social services is insufficient. The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between service selection factors and service quality in order to improve the quality of social services in the consumer's way to meet these environmental needs, and to utilize the research results for quality improvement. The research model to be used in this paper measures the five element areas of service satisfaction such as reliability, responsiveness, empathy, certainty, and tangibility, which are used to measure the quality of local community service investment projects. In addition, we are various strategic implications that can induce the quality improvement of local community service investment projects are presented by finding the main factors of the four research hypotheses of this study and utilizing the results.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
• /
• v.20 no.6
• /
• pp.84-99
• /
• 2021

As the micro-mobility market grows, the demand for route guidance, that includes uphill information as well, is increasing. Since the climbing angle depends on the electric motor uesed, it is necessary to establish an uphill road DB according to the threshold standard. Although road alignment information is a very important element in the basic information of the roads, there is no information currently on the longitudinal slope in the road digital map. The High Definition(HD) map which is being built as a preparation for the era of autonomous vehicles has the altitude value, unlike the existing standard node link system. However, the HD map is very insufficient because it has the altitude value only for some sections of the road network. This paper, hence, intends to propose a method to generate the road longitudinal slope using currently available data. We developed a method of computing the longitudinal slope by combining the digital elevation model and the standard link system. After creating an altitude at the road link point divided by 4m based on the Seoul road network, we calculated individual slope per unit distance of the road. After designating a representative slope for each road link, we have extracted the very steep road that cannot be climbed with personal mobility and the slippery roads that cannot be used during heavy snowfall. We additionally described errors in the altitude values due to surrounding terrain and the issues related to the slope calculation method. In the future, we expect that the road longitudinal slope information will be used as basic data that can be used for various convergence analyses.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
• /
• v.60 no.2
• /
• pp.175-183
• /
• 2022

With the expansion of the automobile market, the demand for Nd as an essential rare earth material for automobile motors is rapidly increasing. Research on the calcio-thermic reduction process between Nd₂O₃ and calcium-based alloys has been extensively studied in order to manufacture Nd. In this study, Ca-Cu, as a reducing for Nd₂O₃, was prepared by electrolysis in CaCl₂ molten salt. Cu wire and graphite were employed as a working electrode and a counter electrode for electrolysis reaction, respectively. The reference electrode was manufactured by putting Ag wire in a mixture of AgCl and CaCl₂ at a ratio of 1:99 mol%. The cyclic voltammetry results showed that the deposition of Ca²⁺ on the surface of working electrode was observed from a potential of -1.8 V, and the reduction potential of Ca²⁺ decreased as the reaction temperature increased. The diffusion coefficient of Ca²⁺ calculated by the chronoamperometry experiment was found to be 5.4(±6.8)×10^-6 cm²/s. In addition, Ca-Cu liquid alloy was prepared by applying a constant potential to Cu electrodes. The element ratio of Ca-Cu alloy formed by applying a potential of -2.0 V was found to Ca:Cu=1:4.

• Food Science and Industry
• /
• v.55 no.1
• /
• pp.58-73
• /
• 2022

Due to the recent demand for low-calorie foods, consumers are looking for alternative sweeteners that can control blood sugar, low risk of tooth decay and low calories. Regulations for permitted sweeteners in food vary from every country, and it is important for the government and the food industry to monitor products containing these sweeteners to ensure global compliance. Therefore, rapid, precise, and accurate analysis for food matrices should be applied to quality control, market surveillance, monitoring, and evaluation of food additive intake in the food industry. To analyze sweeteners simultaneously, it is essential to develop an efficient and rapid analytical method and to perform appropriate pretreatment steps such as solvent extraction and purification. This study presented the recent analysis trends about the suitable extraction method for food matrices focusing on non-nutritive sweeteners. Additionally, techniques for multi-compounds analysis using HPLC and LC-MS/MS and non-destructive analysis techniques using FT-IR were comprehensively described.

• Resources Recycling
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 2022

Owing to the increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs), appropriate management of their waste batteries is required urgently for scrapped vehicles or for addressing battery aging. With respect to technological developments, data-driven diagnosis of waste EV batteries and management technologies have drawn increasing attention. Moreover, robot-based automatic dismantling technologies, which are seemingly interesting, require industrial verifications and linkages with future battery-related database systems. Among these, it is critical to develop and disseminate various advanced battery diagnosis and assessment techniques to improve the efficiency and safety/environment of the recirculation of waste batteries. Incorporation of lithium-related chemical substances in the public pollutant release and transfer register (PRTR) database as well as in-depth risk assessment of gas emissions in waste EV battery combustion and their relevant fire safety are some of the necessary steps. Further research and development thus are needed for optimizing the lifecycle management of waste batteries from various aspects related to data-based diagnosis/classification/disassembly processes as well as reuse/recycling and final disposal. The idea here is that the data should contribute to clean design and manufacturing to reduce the environmental burden and facilitate reuse/recycling in future production of EV batteries. Such optimization should also consider the future technological and market trends.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.429-437
• /
• 2022

Recently, the demand for a QA (Question Answering) system for human-machine communication has increased. Among the QA systems, a closed domain QA system that can handle spatial-related questions is called GeoQA. In this study, a new type of graph database, LPG (Labeled Property Graph) was used to overcome the limitations of the RDF (Resource Description Framework) based database, which was mainly used in the GeoQA field. In addition, GraphQL (Graph Query Language), an API-type query language, is introduced to address the fact that the LPG query language is not standardized and the GeoQA system may depend on specific products. In this study, database was built so that answers could be retrieved when spatial-related questions were entered. Each data was obtained from the national spatial information portal and local data open service. The spatial relationships between each spatial objects were calculated in advance and stored in edge form. The user's questions were first converted to GraphQL through FOL (First Order Logic) format and delivered to the database through the GraphQL server. The LPG used in the experiment is Neo4j, the graph database that currently has the highest market share, and some of the built-in functions and QGIS were used for spatial calculations. As a result of building the system, it was confirmed that the user's question could be transformed, processed through the Apollo GraphQL server, and an appropriate answer could be obtained from the database.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.199-207
• /
• 2022

The demand for novel strains has been rising in the domestic market to increase the production of sclerotia from Wolfiporia hoelen. To improve strain breeding efficiency, we investigated whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the RNA polymerase II subunit (RPB2) gene, which may be linked to the mating type locus, are useful for distinguishing monokaryons from dikaryons in Korean W. hoelen strains. We designed a specific primer set to efficiently amplify a region of RPB2 using PCR with the genomic DNA of 12 cultivated strains and 31 wild strains of W. hoelen collected from Korea. Nucleotide sequences of the PCR-amplified RPB2 genes were determined and analyzed for the presence of SNPs among the 43 W. hoelen strains. Previously reported SNP loci were detected in the RPB2 gene of all W. hoelen strains tested. However, these previously reported SNP loci could not be applied to differentiate monokaryons from dikaryons in approximately one-third of Korean wild strains with homozygous genotypes. Three additional SNPs in the RPB2 gene, which may improve the ability to distinguish monokaryons from dikaryons, were identified by searching through the multiple sequence alignments of the 43 W. hoelen strains. The applicability of these three novel SNPs, together with the previously known SNPs, in the RPB2 gene to W. hoelen strain breeding was verified by examining the hybrid strains and their parental strains.

• Journal of Mushroom
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.153-162
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to breed a variety of stable productivity and high storage characteristics of white Hypsizygus marmoreus, which has high demand at domestic and global market due to a low bitter taste and the preference for white species. Accordingly, 'Baekmaru' was bred by hybridizing brown and white cap color species and backcrossing with white species. The 'Baekmaru' variety was bred by crossbreeding the brown and white species and backcrossing the white species. Through repeated cultivation of 'Baekmaru', a variety with a low contamination rate was selected when culturing the spawn for stable cultivation. As a results of demonstration test, the yield of 'Baekmaru' was 14% higher than that of the commercial variety. In addition, among the fruiting body characteristics of 'Baekmaru', diameter and thickness of the pileus were 16.43±15.27mm and 6.46±0.58mm, which were slightly higher than the commercial variety, and the hardness was 2.69±0.89N for the pileus and 3.09±0.89N for the stipe. The shelf life showed less change in thickness and color of pileus compared to commercial variety. The hardness of pileus of 'Baekmaru' was maintained in the range of 3.5 to 4.0N in the 4℃ and 4℃ and 20℃ mixed treatment until 30 days of storage, and was higher than that of the commercial variety. Therefore, it was suggested to be excellent in storability.