• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.801-806
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• 2005

The world of container shipping and container terminal business is changing and container ports need to know what the changes are in order to plan how to respond. In particular, the container transport industry has noticed two major developments such as globalization and consolidation. The purpose of this paper is to review the current trend towards globalization and consolidation of container liner shipping and container terminal business. It also investigates the impact of these market developments on container ports and presents its implications for port development, management and operation, and port competition policy. According to the discussion of this paper a greater exercise of market power of container terminal operators will have negative impacts on international trade and national economy, especially port users, including container lines, exporters and importers. An empirical evidence on the exercise of market power is required to develop competition rules on market dominance at a national and international level. This paper suggests 'port coopetition' as a solution for smaller and regional container terminal operators to survive in a competitive business environment.

• 웰빙융합연구
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• 제4권4호
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• pp.35-41
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to identify the causes of odors generated in traditional markets and to suggest appropriate application technologies to solve them. Research design, data and methodology: In order to achieve the purpose of this study, complex malodors, TVOC, and hydrogen sulfide were measured three times at each point in Wonju-city, Gangwon-do using direct-reading odor measuring equipment in Joong-ang Traditional Market's Korean beef Alley, Sundae Alley, and Joong-ang Citizens Traditional Market. Therefore, the average value was compared with the emission standard and analyzed. Results: As a result of the study, complex malodors exceeded the emission standards at all points, and hydrogen sulfide exceeded the emission standards at all except for one point. Conclusions: The odor generated in the traditional market has various causes and low concentration, so it is necessary to reduce the odor by using an appropriate technology.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제45권
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• pp.113-150
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• 2009

이 글에서는 미디어 교차소유의 역설을 말하고자 한다. 신문과 방송의 교차소유를 한국사회에서 도입하기에는 많은 문제가 있고, 교차소유론도 논리적인 결함이 많은 모순 덩어리이기 때문이다. 교차소유 찬성론자들은 많지만, 아직도 ‘왜 교차소유를 해야 하는지’ 제대로 설명하지 못하고 있다. 거대 미디어기업에게 교차소유는 효율성과 시장 지배, 언론권력의 확대라는 차원에서 큰 이득이자 특혜일지 몰라도 다른 미디어, 수용자, 광고주에게는 득보다 실이 훨씬 많을 수 있어 정당성을 따져볼 때 문제다.

• 산경연구논집
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2020

Purpose: At a time when the distribution industry is dominated by capital and technology, win-win growth among businesses groups (BGs) in wholesale market is becoming a social issue. Therefore, through analysis of market growth, market concentration (MC) and market power (MP), we want to identify the structure of the wholesale market and the competitiveness of the BGs in terms of market share (MS), sales-profit ratio (SPR), and labor productivity (LP) to explore the possibility of win-win growth. Market situation: Wholesale and Retail sales ratio (W/S) continues to increase, which also means inefficiency in distribution channels or opportunities in wholesale markets. Wholesale sales have grown 8.3 percent annually over the past 15 years, while the number of companies and workers has declined since 2017, which is why some restructuring is believed to begin in the wholesale industry. In terms of MC and MP, the growth potential of SBG can be found in FCB, ARM, FBT and CME BTs. Methodology and data: Through ANOVA and Regression Analysis, the 2015 Economic Census Data of KOSTAT was analyzed. Results: The results of ANOVA show that statistically significant SBG has a larger MS than LBG. The SPR was not different among BGs. LP is higher for LBG than for other BGs. Regression results show that the employment weight (EW) and the company size (SC) have positive effects on the MS, but the company weight (CW) and employment size (SE) have negative effects. In the case of SPR, the CW is positive and the EW is negative. In addition, LP appears to be more positive as SC in the BGs is larger. Conclusions: Although there is sufficient potential for SBG in the wholesale market, there is a problem that needs to increase LP. Therefore, the SBG needs to restructure in terms of number of companies and SC to improve the efficiency of employment. In terms of MC and MP, the SBG looks for possibilities in FCB, ARM, FBT and CME BTs. In addition, SBG that seeks higher returns with human services rather than simple sales is found to be competitive in the HHG, MES and CME BTs.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.25-28
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• 1962

韓國産 水産통조림을 主로한 市中통조림의 各種 200 個를 random으로 取해 dithiol-比色法으로 內容物中의 주석含有量을 測定함으로써 그 實體를 調査하였다. 種類別에서 보면 오징어통조림이 가장 基해서 150ppm 以上이 되는 것이 약 50%나 되고, 다음의 고등어의 約 30%고, 꽁치가 約 20%였다. 이것에 比해 檢出品인 락카통의 게통조림과 조개, 고래통조림 等은 全部 完全하였고, 其他 소라, 魚類통조림도 150ppm 以上되는 것은 거의 없었다. pH값과의 關係는 같은 種類에 있어서는 어떤 範圍를 中心하여 그 값이 낮아지거나 혹은 높아지면 溶出量이 增加되는 傾向이 보인다. 이 外에 製造條件이 明確한 것에 對해서 보면, 通過料와는 거의 關聯性이 없고 貯藏其間은 길수록 溶出量이 많아 12個月以上에서는 150ppm를 넘는 것이 많았다. 溶解와 固形物에 있어서의 分布는 그 大部分이 液計에 分布되어 있다.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.396-411
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• 2002

This is an analysis of international mobile displays industry. There has been severe competition in market and technology. In technology, There has been competition between Japan, USA and Korea. On the other hand, there has been competition in the products market between Korea, Japan and Taiwan. Recently Korea has catched-up Japan in mid-size display industry. The response of Japanese firms are as follows: technological collaboration with Taiwanese firms in mid-size and concentration in small and large size displays. New competition, however, has started, since new technologies such as TFT-LCD and OELD have been used in products.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.27-32
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• 2014

Purpose - Since Iran's economy is only now developing, and its stock market is only now emerging, we should deal with the relationship between ownership structure and conservative accounting of companies to see whether such a relationship exists in Iran's market. This study aims to investigate the relationship between ownership structure and accounting conservatism of listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange. Research design, data, and methodology - All listed companies on the Tehran Stock Exchange, for which the required information financial statements (balance sheet, profit and loss account) could be acquired for the period 2007-2012, were studied. A total of 123 companies from various industries was selected. Results - In order to test the hypotheses, multi variate regression (inter procedure), with their meaningful t- and f-statistics, and a Durbin-Watson autocorrelation model were used. Conclusions - The research results show that the ownership of major shareholders and ownership concentration have a negative significant relationship with accounting conservatism. Therefore, as a significant negative relationship between concentration of ownership and accounting conservatism at the 95% confidence level was found, the second hypothesis was confirmed.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 6th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.450-453
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• 2015

The Construction Engineering Industry (CEI) is construction field based on professional knowledge, staff and information service, and is distinguished by construction activity. The contemporary CEI market has extended globally and diversified construction work classifications. International construction engineering companies now have an important economic and social effect. Over the last five years (2009 to 2013), the top-200 global engineering firms reported global revenue that grew from 54.4 billion to 71.5 billion, about 27% growth (ENR, 2014). Countries such as the U.S.A., Canada, those in Europe (Several developed countries, i.e., United Kingdom, Netherlands, France, Spain, France, Italy, and Spain), Australia, Japan, China, and Korea comprise the bulk of world construction engineering revenue. Although the construction engineering market continues to grow, much of the work is limited to Europe, mid-Asia, and Asia. Additionally, specific construction types are focused on building projects, industrial plants, and refining plants. As such, there are imbalances in the construction engineering market and some market saturation. Further, there is heavy competition and the construction engineering market may shrink in the future. This paper analyzed various factors affecting the construction engineering market, specifically looking at construction classifications and factors related to a global market. To accomplish this, we collected to data from Engineering News Record (ENR) and recast each variable. And we used nonparametric statistics because the number of cases were small, making it difficult to assume a case's population parameter. Then we tested with the Kruskal-Wallis test and drew results. The results indicate that concentration in particular construction types and extending global regional markets will be have a positive effect on the overall global construction engineering market..

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.397-406
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• 2014

국제자유무역주의가 지속적으로 확대됨에 따라 국가 간의 항공협정에서 민감한 문제로 제한하고 있던 운항에 관한 제반 조건을 항공사가 시장상황에 따라 자유롭게 결정할 수 있도록 하는 항공자유화(Open Skies policy)정책이 세계적으로 확산되고 있다. 범세계적으로 이해당사국간, 다자간 협정방식으로 항공자유화가 추진되고 중국항공시장에도 도입됨에 따라 항공사간 무한 경쟁이 예고되며 항공사의 경쟁력, 국제공항의 허브화, 항공수요의 변화가 주목되고 있다. 최근 중국은 대외무역의 급격한 성장과 함께 세계 제2위의 항공시장으로 성장하였다. 또한 다른 나라들과의 양자간 항공자유화 협정이 체결됨에 따라 중국의 항공시장구조와 항공사의 시장지배력에 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 따라서 중국항공시장을 이해하기 위해서는 중국의 항공자유화정책과 항공운송시장의 특징에 대한 분석이 필요하다. 본 논문은 먼저 중국의 민간항공산업에 있어서 정부와 시장의 역할에 초점을 두고 중국의 항공자유화정책의 진척상황을 조망하였다. 둘째로 시장규모, 경쟁구조, 시장집중도 및 진입장벽 등 4개 측면에서 중국항공산업구조를 분석하였다. 본 논문에서 이용한 허핀달-허쉬만지수를 통한 실증분석 결과, 중국의 항공시장은 과점시장구조를 보이고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 끝으로 중국항공운송시장에 참여하는 항공사는 항공동맹체 가입을 적극적으로 모색하거나 여타 항공사와는 차별화된 상용고객우대프로그램(FFP) 개발 등 경쟁력 강화를 위한 조치가 필요하다는 정책적 시사점을 도출하였다.

• 국제지역연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.93-119
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 국제 쌀 시장에 대한 시장지배력과 쌀 수출물량에 영향을 주는 요인을 구조와 행위분석을 통해 알아보는 것이다. 2차 세계대전 이후, 국제 쌀 시장은 왜곡되고, 얇고, 변동성이 심한 시장으로 간주 되어왔다. 또한 2008년 국제 쌀 가격의 단기 급등으로 인한 국제 쌀 시장에서의 수출국과 수입국의 국내 쌀 생산정책 및 가격 정책에도 많은 영향을 주었다. 결국, 본 논문은 최근의 국제 쌀 시장의 변화에서 주요 쌀 수출국의 시장지배력의 존재 유무와 쌀 수출물량에 영향을 주는 요인을 수출공급함수와 가격구조방정식을 통해 알아보았다. 연구결과는 국제 쌀 시장에서의 주요 쌀 수출국들(태국, 베트남, 인도, 미국)은 시장 지배력을 보유하고 있으며, 주요 쌀 수출국의 환율과 생산량은 해당국의 쌀 수출물량에 민감하게 반응하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 주요 쌀 수출국의 시장집중도 증가는 쌀 수출가격에 증가하는 요인으로 나타났다.