• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.1199-1202
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• 2005

Knowledge has been considered one of the important elements that determine our future. Competitive power of an enterprise has also been transformed from labor, capital, and technology-oriented to knowledge-oriented. Current construction environment is experiencing overall decrease of number of construction contracts due to opening of domestic construction market and economic slump, problems on methods of receiving orders/bidding, and change of costumers' attitude, which intensify competition, therefore many companies consider adopting knowledge management to secure their competitive power. However, there are difficulties in adopting knowledge management and increasing the use by establishing management plan, Performance Measurement, and knowledge maintenance system in reality. Therefore, this study is to provide assistance to successful realization of knowledge management by suggesting development plan of knowledge management that enables knowledge management more efficient with certain goals.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.1-36
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• 2000

Periodic markets of the later Choson dynasty had undergone fundamental changes during the late Chosun dynasty and Japanese colony period. This paper aims to analyse the spatial distributions and changes of the periodic markets in the middle stream of Han-River in this era in the use of the survey of documentary records and fieldwork. Before the early 1910s, long distance transportation was made by riverboats, short distance transportation was done by porters and pack animals. Because goods such as rice, soybean and salt were very heavy and needed long distance transport, they were mainly transported by riverboats. Accordingly, riverports on the shore of river played important roles in exporting and importing goods as nodes of long distance transportation. The opening of railroad Seoul-Busan, the construction of new roads(Sinjakno) of 1910s and the use of oxcarts produced striking changes in the spatial distribution and hierarchy structure of periodic markets. These changes also had influence on the outflow and inflow of goods in the middle stream of Han-River. In the parr of outflow of goods, it seems that the line linking Icheon city-Yongin city-Anseong city played a role in making the boundaries of the marketing areas between goods trams ported by the rail road Seoul-Busan and goods done by Han River river boats. Anseong, Osan and Suwon periodic markets located around railroad stations occupied the higher positions than those of other regions in the hierarchial structure of periodic markets. Their marketing areas could nearly overwhelm those of riverports located in the middle stream region of Han River and extend to the middle stream region of Han River as a result of decrease of transport cost through using of oxcarts and railroads. the opening of railroad Suwon-Yeoju(Suryoson) and railroad Cheonan-Janghawon(Cheonjangson) brought about changes of the structure of long distance trade again. In a part of outflow of goods, it seems that as a result of the new opening of their railroads periodic markets around railroads seized a large portion of the marketing area of the southern part of Yoju and Ichon area and therefore made extreme change in rivershipping of Han River. In the inflow part of goods, goods transported by riverboats from the downstream of Han River before the opening of railroad were imported directly from railroad stations. Accordingly, rivershipping and riverports declined. And because goods were imported by way of great periodic markets and supplied to small periodic markets and consumers before the opening of railroad, but supplied from railroad stations to small periodic markets and consumers after the opening of railroad. The volume of turnover of such great periodic markets as Anseong, Osan and Suwon periodic markets therefore declined. On the other hand, because Yangpyong area had not been yet included within the sphere of influence of railroad until 1930s, it heavily depended on rivershipping of Han River as before. But the opening of railroad Seoul-Wonju(jungangson) brought about decline of rivershipping in Yangpyong and Wonju area.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.297-313
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• 2004

This study, based on an ethnographic field-research in Hwangryong marketplace at Jangsung, explores the transformational process of local community and local marketplace from the end of the 19th century. I attempt to use methodology of oral statement and memory. In socio-economic, political and cultural sence, Hwangryong market which made the 18th century was central place of Jangsung. It was famous of cattle marketplace from the end of Lee Dynasty. The heyday of Hwangryong market is vitalized in the ruling of Japan. Japanese government collect tax and agricultural products through this marketplace. After independence of 1945, the economic function of it was weakened, but the other side political function was strengthened. The socio-economic and cultural status of this market was revitalized after the end of Korean war notwithstanding trial of moving of marketplace. But peasant migration and mechanization of agriculture from the end of 1950' had been brought about a critical moment to Hwangryong marketplace as cattle market. The opening of Honam express road at 1973 was decisively weakened socio-economic, cultural function and role of this marketplace. Consequently, Hwangryong marketplace was transformed small local market. The identity of cattle marketplace was rarely remained in recent. This inclination will not be stopped if not linking to local festival or invention of local specialities.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.133-168
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to examine the state and characteristic of seafood marketing in Korean West Coast during the colonial period ruled by Japan. To accomplish the purpose, we tried to set the fisheries statistical database by reviewing of $\boxDr$Statistical Annual Report of Chosun Chongdokbu$\boxUl$ and $\boxDr$Official Report of Chosun Chongdokbu$\boxUl$. A trend analysis was carried out with the data. Also, by reviewing of articles related to the state of seafood marketing via $\boxDr$Daehan Maeil Newspaper$\boxUl$, $\boxDr$Maeil Newspaper$\boxUl$ issued at the period, we could find out some meaningful findings which backed up the statistics in realistic facts. For numbers of businessman in seafood marketing, it was clear that the number of Japanese businessmen increased more quickly than that of Korean compared with other sphere of fisheries. That means Japanese grasped Korean seafood market in a short time. In price of seafood in terms of cities, Kunsan was comparatively higher than Incheon and Mokpo. In price of seafood in terms of species, ‘Snapper’ was mostexpensive, and ‘Mackerel Pike’, ‘Anchovy’, ‘Mullet’, ‘Eel’, ‘Flatfish’ followed in that order. In price of a species in terms of ‘Yellow Croaker’, which was famous in West Sea, ‘Croaker with salt’ was more expensive than dried and fresh one. For the transition trend of number of fish market, we could ascertain that the number of market increased until 1919, however, it decreased slowly from 1932. That means Japanese government went to war against China from 1931. Of the West Coast, the number of fish market in Chungnam province was most high, but that of Chonbuk outrun from 1940. At that time, the number of fish market in West Coast reached to 34% out of that of whole country. In 1919, the proportion of seafood sales amount of West Coast neighboring provinces, such as Kyunggido, Chungnam, and Chonbuk, was 23% of whole country which rose to 28% in 1929, and 29% in 1939. Therefore, we could assure that seafood marketing was very active at that time in the region. When we consider the trend of seafood export at the main ports of West Coast, in 1910's, the export through Mokpo and Inchon port was very live but that of Kunsan was very tiny. However, in 1920's, the export amount of Inchon port did not much change, but that of Mokpo decreased, whereas, that of Kunsan increased. In the early and middle of 1910' s which was around beginning of Japanese ruling period, we realized that the imperialist Japan was very eager in political efforts to enhance the mind of seafood's quality improvement through the opening of several fisheries competitive shows and fairs.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.75-93
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• 2007

It is recent trend that every countries are opening their border in the name of liberalization of contemporary era. Shipping is not exceptional and it used to be said as international business. Therefore, co-operation and openness of maritime sectors between regional countries is required to utilize resources that each countries can manage. It can be done by employing their vessels in other countries' short sea area. However, there are some problems to implement this practices, here cabotage is centre of issue. Each countries do not open their sea in order to protect their national interests in sovereignty. But, it should be opened if co-operation between each countries work well and properly. To achieve true maritime co-operation, countries as Korea, China and Japan in Northeast Asia region should have understanding for the opening of cabotage. In order to make things work well, it can be done by the lessons from EU and American cases. Therefore, it should be clarified such as market scale to provide cabotage trade, employment as well as interested parties, and technical safety matters as well as environmental standards. Then cabotage matters can be smoothly resolved between three countries in Northeast Asia region.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2010.10a
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• pp.669-671
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• 2010

IStorage is a technology, which can use resources of server PC by using Android Phone supporting wireless internet access. IStorage utilizes resources of server PC through WebDAV protocol. And with GUI interface, Users upload their resources to the server PC and They can perform various kinds of works like Opening, Searching, Deleting and Downloading files. Since it is possible for them to use resources of server PC as if they are originally stored in their mobile devices, there is no limit on using the functions such as watching movies, listening musics and opening document files in real time. We expect this study can to overcome the limitation of storage space and also be a useful technology in the smart phone market.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• no.spc
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• pp.137-163
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• 2007

The air market in Asia has already entered upon the age of limitless competition. It means a very important moment in Asia air market. Each Asian country thus has put a lot of effort into a development plan and support to their hub airport. In order to achieve such a plan, first of all we should build closer cooperation system between the two countries Japan and Korea. The Korea and Japan are very fast growing in the northeast countries within the global air transport market. Air passenger and cargo traffic volumes between Korea and Japan have increased dramatically, since the 1990s. In response to such a trend, both countries have opened new airports and expanded existing facilities in the hopes of laying claims to the main international hub airport in Asia. Apart from the trend, air transportation between Korea and Japan's metropolitan areas is the only transportation in substance, even if they are located very closely in geographical position. The air transportation between the two countries shows that it is necessary to get fast and more convenient because of the economic and cultural interchange and exchange concentrated on the metropolitan areas, and that will promote the economic growth of Korea and Japan. However, within the air transportation industry field, there have no sufficient seats/slots to supply the air demand from the capital cities of each country, as well as no counterplan for some problems regarding capacityand sustain ability of metropolitan airports. Thus, it is necessary for us to consider in all aspects and solve them to improve air transportation between Korea and Japan. This paper is to try to demonstrate this matter and from all angles, that is, in legal and political aspects, facilities and given environmental conditions and cooperation between Korea and Japan. I think that it is indeed a great necessary and convenient for many Korean and Japanese tourists to conclude a new 'Open Sky Agreement' between Japan and Korea in order to the prepare the increase of the shuttle flight between Haneda-Gimpo and opening of air route newly for shuttle flight between Haneda and Cheongju as well as opening of air route for shuttle flight between Haneda-Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport and Beijing International Airport for the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. Furthermore it is a great desirable thing for us to conclude a new 'Open Sky Agreement' in cooperation reciprocally among the Japan, China and Korea for opening the new air route by the shuttle flight.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.541-553
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• 2010

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the use of dentifrice for children, the state of dentifrice for children on the market and the relationship between the bore of dentifrice and the amount of dentifrice used in an effort to provide parents, main consumers of dentifrice for children, with the right information on dentifrice. Methods : Data on the use of children's dentifrice were gathered by investigating parents in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province in July and August, 2009. The selected parents had children aged one to five in Western age. Results : 1. As to the purchase of dentifrice for children, the largest group (75.9%) were aware of the name of the toothbrush used by their children, and the greatest group (97.3%) bought the toothbrush on behalf of them. Advertising was the most dominant source of information on the choice of dentifrice (51.8%), and non-professionals were the most common providers of information on that (55.9%). 2. The amount of dentifrice used at a time was a mean of $0.467{\pm}0.270g$. There was a wide disparity in that aspect from a low of 0.100 to 1.900g. As to the influence of the size of the bore of dentifrice, the greatest amount of dentifrice was used ($0.670{\pm}0.306g$) when the bore of dentifrice was 9 mm in size, and the bore size 9 mm was significantly different from the size 3 mm and 6 mm in that aspect (p<0.001). 3. There was one kind of imported dentifrice for children on the market. Concerning the fluoride ingredient of dentifrice, the biggest number of dentifrice contained MFP only. As to the size of the bore of dentifrice, there was a difference of 3 to 9 mm. Most of dentifrice for children included the pictures of particular characters. Conclusions : The above-mentioned findings illustrated that there is a serious concern for the intake of fluoride among infants and preschoolers, it's needed to pay careful attention to the use of dentifrice. Dentifrice for children should be manufactured in consideration of the relationship between the size of the bore and the amount of dentifrice used.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.57-66
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• 2016

The study aims to examine the impact of Start-Up Business Incubator System on Performance of the Start-up Graduated from the Business Incubator. This has analyzed 813 startups which had supported by Seoul Metropolitan City in particular from 2009 to 2010. Empirical analysis has choosed business room for free, startup grant for operation, education & coaching support, consulting support by practitioner, promotion & new market opening support and collaboration support among startups in the business incubator as independent variables and also implemented startup success satisfaction degree as a depentent variable. The results shows that the degree of satisfaction on start-up activity support fund for entrepreneur and the degree of satisfaction on collaboration support among firms in the business incubator have statistical significant impact on start-up success satisfaction degree. The study has an implication that it provides a basic data on policy support strategies by central and local autonomous governments that facilitate entrepreneurs to achieve start-up business goals by understanding the factors that affect the business performance of entrepreneurs. In addition, the study offers new directions for entrepreneurs in a way that promotes the start-up performance by business room for free, education & coaching support, consulting support by practitioner, promotion & new market opening support which were investigated as statistical insignificant constructs, so that the author expects new studies about more effective business incubator system to enhance the performanc of start-up in business incubator.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.191-205
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• 2016

North Korea(NK) has designated the special economic zones(SEZs) since the first one in Rason. But, why have the SEZs in NK still not been developed successfully? This study comparatively evaluated the SEZs in China, Vietnam and NK, with respect to 'context/purpose', 'development/management system', and 'location/infrastructure.' NK's strategies for the SEZs were different from those of China and Vietnam in terms of historical context and development purpose. China and Vietnam chose the market opening policy aiming to reform their national economy, while NK tried the opening policy without the economic reform. This difference made NK's decentralization and location strategies marginal. In spite of the positive land system and tax benefit of NK, the strategies couldn't make a successful result. The implications of this comparative study are as follows. Firstly, NK needs to establish a strategy for the SEZs in accord with the comprehensive and long-term plan for economic development and 'trustworthy and substantial market-systems' being compatible with outside world. For that, NK has to secure the regime stability in political and diplomatic dimensions. Secondly, NK has to carry out policies of decentralization and location of the SEZs more positively. Thirdly, in order to solve the problem related to lack of infrastructure capital, NK needs to utilize a BOT scheme.