• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.8 no.1
• /
• pp.1-23
• /
• 2003

General drug prices involve three stages: shipment stage, wholesaler stage and retail stage. Policies on drug price differ from country to country. Shipment stage prices are tightly regulated in countries like France and Netherlands. They are free in only a minority of advanced countries, even if these include some major players such as the US, Germany and, in a very limited sense, Japan. The situation in the UK is very complex with a semi-free system, where drug companies are free to set their own prices but cannot exceed a predetermined profit ceiling. Mark-up at both wholesaler and retail stages is formally admitted in most countries observed. Apart from the general drug prices, reimbursement price of insured drugs has been major policy concerns. Most countries reviewed in this study has exerted some control over reimbursement prices, but differ both in the way how and in the extent to which prices are admitted or fixed. Price fixing has been used in France and Japan. Some countries have transformed their system over time, particularly to move to reference pricing in the last decade. This mechanism has empowered the customer, and improved price competition on the market. Referring to the drug price policies in the advanced countries, this study makes some suggestions for the redirection of Korean price policy for reimbursement drug in health insurance as follows: to match appropriate policy tools to each policy goal; to maximize market mechanism through effective reimbursement price fixing which admits mark-ups in wholesaler and retail prices; to introduce reference pricing system in order to redirect patient's demand with a financial incentive to choose the best-priced drugs and to save the finance of health insurance; and to strengthen surveillance and monitoring mechanism in the drug market.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.26 no.4
• /
• pp.7-34
• /
• 2009

Structures of stories, paragraphs, and sentences and inferences applied to indexing and searching were studied to construct the full-text and sentence retrieval system for storytelling. The system designed the database of stories, paragraphs, and sentences and the knowledge-base of inference rules to aid to write the story. The Knowledge-base comprised the files of story frames, paragraph scripts, and sentence logics made by mark-up languages like SWRL etc. able to operate in semantic web. It is necessary to establish more precise indexing language represented the sentences and to create a mark-up languages able to construct more accurate inference rules.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.172-176
• /
• 2009

In this paper, new aspherical surface polishing mechanism is suggested to polish aspherical glass lens mold by both airbag polishing tool and reverse-rotational eccentric motion. Up to now, conventional aspherical lens polishing method by the small tool polishing uses the aspherical surface profile and the trajectory of the polishing tool is also controlled. However, full contact concept by airbag polishing tool and no position control make the easy polishing setup and does not need aspherical design profile. An aspherical lens polishing machine was made for this study and a tool mark removal experiment fur the fine-grounded lens mold was successfully performed.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 1991.10b
• /
• pp.1737-1741
• /
• 1991

The authors proposed a new two-dimensional(2D) positioning system by use of M-array and correlation technique which is suitable for noisy environment in '88KACC and its revised versions in '89KACC and '90KACC. This system uses the property of M-array that the autocorrelation function of the M-array has a sharp peak at its origin. In this paper, a new mark pattern is developed, instead of M-array, with which the two-dimensional positioning system becomes robust to rotation error of TV camera. The property of the rotation-free pattern is checked under various conditions, and it is shown that, by use of this rotation-free pattern, the positioning system can be used not only in a noisy environment but also in a roughly aligned set up of the TV camera.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.10 no.2
• /
• pp.87-92
• /
• 1978

Multigroup constant calculation system for TRIGA-type reactor analysis was provided. Calculations for initial criticality, temperature coefficient, flux and power distributions of TRICA-Mark III reactor were carried out by using diffusion code CITATION. And some of results were compared with the values of start-up experiments and design values. It could be confirmed that the prepared computation system is very useful for TRIGA-type reactor analysis.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.518-528
• /
• 2013

A number of schools have introduced the Reward and Punishment Mark System. It has been applied to children at school in order to minimize the ill effects that are often caused by physical punishment. In this case, teachers have caused problematic issues in the course of student life guidance at school. However, the application of the personal Reward and Punishment Mark System raises many other questions as well. Accordingly, there is the necessity of making up for its weak points on the systematic level. The purpose of this study is to understand the Effect of the Collective Reward and Punishment Mark System, as a substitute punishment to the physical punishment, applying the reward and punishment mark system not to an individual but to a group. The Collective Reward and Punishment Mark System for the upper grade students of primary schools showed a positive effect which assists their adaptation to school. To put it more concretely, according to the characters of the study subjects, the system has proved that boy students are more positively affected than girl students. It has been also revealed that those students in the fourth grade experience a positive change in all areas of the adaptation to school, while those in the fifth and the sixth grade were negatively affected. Moreover, those who hold a lower rank in respect of grade achievement experienced a more positive change than those standing among a high rank. It is expected that the Effect of the Collective Reward and Punishment Marks System, on the basis of the study, possesses affirmative intervention on the field.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.14 no.6
• /
• pp.932-944
• /
• 2006

With supplied computers and the development of information and communication thropugh the Internet, the space of personal home pages in potal sites has been filled with photos taken by digital cameras, and 'the introduction of privacy' done in the personal home pages has become a general trend in society. As the use of Photoshop, available to edit and modify digital photos, in this social atmosphere, has grown general, they have shown their interest in the retouching technique of Photoshop. Computer graphics, marked based on the treatment of a variety of information into pictures or a technology to mark it, recently various application methods have been found in make-up. Especially, Adobe Photoshop, used to edit and modify images, is a sofetware program proper to perform beauty make-up in correcting and creating images in an effective way. The purpose of this study is to express each factor in Adobe Photoshop CS2 about the beauty make-up. As a result, I can say, the process that digital image is retouched by Adobe Photoshop CS is similar work to beauty make-up. The process of Photoshop retouching can be used as the materials for educating of make-up and as the materials for presentation of beauty make-up trend. And also we can serve the simulation to the customer before real make-up. Therefore, this study is for the effective performance of diverse beauty makeup integrating retouch technique with Photoshop CS.

• Electronics and Telecommunications Trends
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.92-100
• /
• 2012

애플과 구글이 주도한 모바일 앱 장터에 새로운 변화가 찾아올 것으로 예상된다. HTML5(HyperText Mark-up Language 5)로 무장한 모바일 웹 앱의 등장은 모바일 인터넷 환경의 비약적인 발전과 고사양의 스마트기기 보급 확대에 힘입어 모바일 앱의 생태계를 재구성하고 있다. 본고에서는 애플리케이션 플랫폼의 발달 과정과 모바일 웹 환경에서의 HTML5의 역할에 대해서 알아보고 모바일 웹 프레임워크에 대해 정리하였다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
• /
• 1998.10b
• /
• pp.443-445
• /
• 1998

Extensible Mark-up Language(XML) 문서의 활용범위가 넓어지고 수요가 크게 늘어날 것으로 예상됨에 따라서 XML 문서에 관련된 애플리케이션이 요구되는 현실에 입각해서, XML문서를 브라우징 할 수 있는 기반 시스템을 설계 및 구현하였다. 본 연구에서는 XML의 변형된 문서의 브라우저와 달리 순수한 XML 문서를 브라우징 하도록 함으로서 일반사용자에게 텍스트 형태의 문서를 시각화 해서 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. XML 문서의 브라우징을 위한 문서 처리, Stylesheet 처리 Layout 처리, User Interface 처리 등의 필수적인 부분들을 처리하도록 하였다. 결과로서 XSL 처리 기술과 XML 브라우저 제작에 관한 기반 기술을 확보할 수 있었다.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
• /
• 2005.05a
• /
• pp.284-296
• /
• 2005

Bridge displacement measurement system using image processing is developed to overcome the contact type system inefficiencies such as heavy, expensive property and temporary construction necessity. The system is composed of tablet PC with IEEE1394 digital camera, telescope lens and a designed target mark. The key is projection algorithm where all pixels are added up for each row(column) to find out the center line. The experimental results are shown compared with a contact type system.