• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.14 no.6_1
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• pp.13-21
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• 2014

It is needless to say that the port security is very important owing to the geographic setting of Korea and the possibility of the provocation by North Korea. In addition, The security management is necessary for the port and the domain of maritime to block the inflow from overseas because of the increase of international crime as terrorism. The training system for port security guard should be constructed to secure the specialization of the manpower for the efficient port security management. But the training system of port security manpower is not unified and the training is not carried out, therefore it is necessary to improve the training system of port security manpower. In this study, the improvement plan of training system is suggested as follows. First, the unification of the legislation of port security should achieved to establish the guidance of training for port security guard. Second, the specialized training per activities should be done. And lastly, the qualification system should be introduced for the specialization of port security manpower.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.17-22
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• 2003

With the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001, the ships and their crews' safety and security have become a major issue in the maritime industries. In high-risk terrorism. not only ship owners and port authorities but also crew members on board should take precautions in the conduct of their business. In this paper, the vulnerability and essential elements in overall security of merchant ship are analyzed with a discussion in depth of the concept and principles of maritime security management. Author proposes ship's security model to reduce security risk and to minimize damage as a basic study for designing security system for merchant ship.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.137-150
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• 2014

In the marine industry although there has been significant growth towards safety, security and risk assessments or risk-based strategies such as marine insurance and regulations to avoid the risks of damage to properties and the environment or the prospect of premature death caused by accidents etc, the moves toward managing the risks which are linked directly to the business functions and decision making processes have been very slow. Furthermore in the marine industry most perceptions, methodologies and frameworks of dealing with hazards, risks, safety and security issues are for their assessment rather than their management. This trend reveals the fact that in different marine industry sectors such as logistics and shipping there is a lack of coherent risk management framework or methodology from which to understand the risk-based decisions especially for the purpose of design, construction, operation, management and even decommissioning of the marine related applications. On the other hand risk management is not yet viewed holistically in the marine industry in order to, for example, assign a right person, i.e. risk manager, who can act as a coordinator and advisor with responsibilities that are only specific to risk management. As a result this paper, by examining the present physical borders and risk-based activities in the marine industry, aims to propose an appropriate risk management methodology in addition to the emergent role of risk managers which will enable the industry users initially to become familiar with the concept of risk management at its holistic level. In the later stages this eventually can lead to development of risk management capabilities at an exclusive level and its integration into the marine industry functions in future.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.213-222
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• 2016

Recently, as cases of organizations' information disclosure occur continuously, it is urgent to manage security of information and establish measures to enhance security of information by an organization itself. Especially, members of an organization should be prepared with measures for information security, and an organization should do its efforts to raise its members' awareness toward information security. I set a research model to verify what effects an organization's fulfillment of regulations to secure information brings to performance of information security and selected members from maritime and port organizations and financial and insurance institutes as sample. Results of the analysis to identify factors affecting information security performance among members of maritime and port organizations are as follows. Firstly, I found that the factors affecting information security awareness are information security attitude and information security standards. Secondly, the factor giving influence on information security policy of an organization was found to be information security standards. In contrast, information security punishments and information security training were verified not to give influence on compliance of information security policy. Thirdly, information security awareness was identified to give significant influence on compliance of information security policy, information security competence and information security behavior. Fourthly, compliance of information security policy was verified to be those factors that give influence on information security competence and information security behavior. Lastly, information security competence and information security behavior were found to be such factors that give influence on information security performance.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.261-271
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• 2012

The purpose of the present study is to empirically examine factors that affect the information security awareness and perceived information security risk of employees of port companies. In particular, in order to identify factors that affect the perceived information security risks, we investigated the relation of assets, threats, and vulnerabilities to it, using the risk analysis methodology. With A total of 252 valid questionnaires, we also performed the structural equation modeling analysis using AMOS. It was found that first, there was no meaningful relationship between the information assets and the perceived information security risk in the case of employees of port companies. Second, threats and vulnerabilities turned out to have positive influences on the perceived information security risk. Finally, there was a positive relationship not only between the information security awareness and the information security education, but also between the information security awareness and the intention of information security. However, there was no meaningful relationship between the information security concern and the information security awareness.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.12 no.2 s.25
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• pp.115-123
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• 2006

The policy regime of ocean is changed from ocean liberty paradigm to ocean management paradigm. Ocean resources have the characteristics of weak excludability and strong rivalry. Therefore, they need rational ocean management so as to curb the tragedy of commons. The important ocean issues and policy regimes today is ocean pollution, coastal management, sea-level rise, fishery, whaling, ocean jurisdictions, deep seabed resources, military security, piracy, ecological environmental security and so on. This paper aims at reviewing these major international ocean issues, the policy regimes for them, and the desirable tasks of ocean policy regimes in the future from the macro perspective of international ocean politics or policy-making.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.491-494
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• 2019

The results from the analysis of recent security breach cases of industrial control systems revealed that most of them were caused by the employees of a partner company who had been managing the control system. For this reason, the majority of the current company security management systems have been developed focusing on their performances. Despite such effort, many hacking attempts against a major company, public institution or financial institution are still attempted by the partner company or outsourced employees. Thus, the institutions or organizations that manage Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) associated with major national infrastructures involving traffic, water resources, energy, etc. are putting emphasis on their security management as the role of those partners is increasingly becoming important as outsourcing security task has become a common practice. However, in reality, it is also a fact that this is the point where security is most vulnerable and various security management plans have been continuously studied and proposed. A system that enhances the security level of a partner company with a Virtual Desktop Infrastructure (VDI) has been developed in this study through research on the past performances of partner companies stationed at various types of industrial control infrastructures and its performance outcomes were statistically compiled to propose an appropriate model for the current ICSs by comparing vulnerabilities, measures taken and their results before and after adopting the VDI.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2022.11a
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• pp.137-139
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• 2022

As cyber threats in the maritime industry increase due to the digital transformation, the needs for cyber security training for ship's crew and port engineers has increased. The training of seafarers is related to the IMO's STCW convention, so cyber security training also managed and certified, and it is necessary to develop a cybersecurity training system that reflects the characteristics of the OT systemof ships and ports. In this paper, with the goal of developing a training model based on the IMO cyber risk management guideline, developing a cyber security training model based on the characteristics of maritime industry threats, and improving the effectiveness of cyber security training using AR/VR and metaverse, A method for developing a system for nurturing cyber security experts is presented.

• Strategy21
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• s.37
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• pp.65-103
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• 2015

This study is an attempt to look into the future role of the ROKN and to provide a strategic way forward with a special focus on naval strategic concept and force planning. To accomplish this goal, this research takes four sequential steps for analysis: 1) assessing the role and utility of naval power of ROKN since its foundation back in 1945; 2) forecasting features of various maritime threats to influence the security of Korea in the future directly or indirectly; 3) identifying the roles to be undertaken by future ROKN; and 4) recommending Korean way of naval force planning and the operational concept of naval power. This study seeks to show that ROKN needs comprehensive role to better serve the nation with respect to national security, national prosperity and development, and future battle-space management. To safeguard the national security of Korea, it suggests three roles: 1) national guard for the peaceful unification; 2) protector of the maritime sovereignty; and 3) suppressor to maritime threats. Three more roles are highlighted for national prosperity: 1) escort of the national economy; 2) guardian for national maritime activities; and 3) contributor to the world peace. These roles need to be closely connected with the role for the battle-space management. This paper addresses the need for a dramatic shift of the central operational domain from land to maritime in the future. This will eventually offer future ROKN a leading role for developing strategic concept and force planning rather than merely a supporting one. This study finally suggests 'balanced' strategy both in concept development and force planning. A balanced force planning is a 'must' rather than an 'option' when considering a division of function between Task Fleets and Area Fleets, constructing cutting-edge conventional forces such as Aegis destroyer, CVs, or submarines, and the mix of high-profile platform and low-profile when composing future fleets. A 'balance' is also needed in operational concept. The fleet should be prepared to fulfill its missions based on two different types of force operation i.e., coercive or cooperative application of the utility of naval force. The findings and recommendations of the study are relevant today, and will be increasingly important in the future to achieve various political goals required by enhancing the utility of naval power.

• Maritime Security
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.119-148
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the perceptions of neighboring countries on the gray zone and to explore Korea's maritime strategy. The concept of gray zones appears in various ways from country to country. In international relations, the gray zone is a comprehensive space between war and peace. The gray zone in the ocean is an unstable space in which competition between the US and China is represented and proxy wars are possible, and the gray zone needs strategic management. This study summarizes the concept of gray zones in the maritime security field, examines the gray zone strategies of neighboring countries, and suggests Korea's gray zone strategies. In particular, the recognition of the gray zone itself is the core of the problem, and it is necessary to strengthen information sharing to clarify the problem about the gray zone and accurately recognize the gray zone situation. The CMG(Complex Maritime Geostrategy) framework attempted in this study is expected to be helpful in understanding the nature of various gray zone issues around Korea and preparing for a geostrategy based on the analysis.