• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2019년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.29-32
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• 2019

정보통신기술의 발전으로 인하여 선박 내 시스템 간 또는 선박과 육상 시설 간의 정보 교환 및 통신이 용이하게 되어 업무 효율이 향상되고 있다. 그러나 이러한 회사와 선박의 업무 환경의 변화는 회사 및 선박의 시스템으로의 비인가된 접근 또는 악성코드 감염과 같은 사이버보안 사고 발생 가능성을 높이는 요인이 되어 안전, 환경 및 상업적으로 중대한 피해를 야기할 수 있다. 따라서 증가하는 사이버위헙을 식별하고 대응하기 위하여 사이버 리스크 기반 접근법이 필요하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 해사 사이버보안 동향을 분석하고 해상 사이버보안 시스템 구축을 위한 가이드라인을 제공하고자 한다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권42호
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• pp.258-292
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• 2017

This paper is designed to make a national strategic concept for the ROK's maritime security and to explore cooperation directions for the ROK Navy and Coast Guard in order to implement the newly-made maritime security strategic concept. As strategy is composed of three main categories(goals, ways, means), the goal of the ROK's maritime security strategy is 'Safe and Affluent Sea' and the way to realize the goal is the principle of cooperative leverage, and the means as tasks to implement the strategic concept are maritime safety, maritime security, and maritime stewardship. The concept of national fleet as used in the US is applied to promoting the cooperation between the ROK Navy and Coast Guard. Thus, under the newly-established maritime security strategic concept along with the national fleet model, followings are suggested as policy proposals for facilitating mutual cooperation between the ROK Navy and Coast Guard in dealing with not only traditional threats but also non-traditional treats at sea and from the sea as well. First, the ROK Navy and Coast Guard has been making efforts to enhance interoperability between the two sea services. However, the mutual cooperations have been focused mainly on areas on operational level rather than policy level. Therefore, the two sea services are recommended to enlarge exchanges and cooperation in policy areas. Second, there are still demands for further cooperation areas between the two sea services in command and communications. The interoperability in C2 between the two needs to be upgraded even to the areas of anti-terrorist activities ar sea, ASUW, ASW, maritime interdiction, etc. Third, mutual comparability between the two needs to be reflected in the maritime forces development to ensure the comparability in UNREP and other logistics areas. Fourth, the standardization of logistical materials and equipments is needed as a way of sustaining operational capability and logistical capacity for the ROK Navy and Coast Guard as well. Fifth, the ROK Navy and Coast Guard are recommended to participate more actively in international maritime cooperation activities such as PASSEX. Sixth, Complementary laws and regulations need further to be revised and to be newly made for collectively managing swiftly maritime accidents and natural disasters at sea.

• 한국항해항만학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국항해항만학회 2021년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.72-73
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• 2021

자율운항선박(MASS, Maritime Autonomous Surface Ship) 도입을 위한 국제해사기구의 논의가 본격화됨에 따라 국제항로표지협회 제27차 이네비게이션(ENAV) 위원회 워킹그룹(WG2)에서 MASS 운영지원을 위한 시스템 개발시 사이버보안(사이버 위험관리) 측면을 우선적으로 고려하도록 하는 논의가 진행되었다. 우리나라는 2020년 자율운항선박 기술개발사업을 착수하였으며, 2021년부터 사이버보안 기술개발을 위한 세부과제를 추진 중에 있다. 디지털 해상통신시스템 환경에서의 MASS 운용은 기존 해상통신환경에서는 고려되지 않았던 다양한 디지털 장비들의 네트워크 보안이 요구된다. 본 연구에서는 사이버보안 기술개발 세부과제에서 수행중인 MASS 운용 지원을 위한 네트워크 보안장비 기본 개념을 소개하고, 기초단계에서의 MASS 선박 적용을 위한 네트워크 보안장비 인터페이스를 정의한다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권43호
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• pp.175-199
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• 2018

Recent marine territorial disputes in the East China Sea and the South China Sea have come to us as a great threat. China, which has recently established the China Coast Guard and has rapidly developed maritime security forces, is trying to overcome the various conflict countries with its power. Japan is also strengthening intensively its maritime security forces. Since Korea, China, and Japan are geographically neighboring and sharing maritime space in Northeast Asia, there is no conflict between maritime jurisdiction and territorial rights among the countries. The struggle for initiative in the ocean is fierce among the three coastal nations in Northeast Asia. therefore, Korea needs more thorough preparation and response to protect the marine sovereignty. As the superpowers of China and Japan are confronted and the United States is involved in the balance of power in strategic purposes, the East Asian sea area is a place where tension and conflict environment exist. China's illegal fishing boats are constantly invading our waters, and they even threaten the lives of our police officers. The issue of delimiting maritime boundaries between Korea and China has yet to be solved, and is underway in both countries, and there is a possibility that the exploration activities of the continental shelf resources may collide as the agreement on the continental shelf will expire between Korea and Japan. On the other hand, conflicts in the maritime jurisdictions of the three countries in Korea, China and Japan are leading to the enhancement of maritime security forces to secure deterrence rather than military confrontation. In the situation where the unresolved sovereignty and jurisdiction conflicts of Korea, China and Japan continue, and the competition for the strengthening of the maritime powers of China and Japan becomes fierce, there is a urgent need for stabilization and enhancement of the maritime forces in our country. It is necessary to establish a new long-term strategy for enhancing the maritime security force and to carry out it. It is expected that the Korean Coast Guard, which once said that it was a model for the establishment of China's Coast Guard as a powerful force for the enforcement of the maritime law, firmly establishes itself as a key force to protect our oceans with the Navy and keeps our maritime sovereignty firmly.

• Strategy21
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• 통권44호
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• pp.291-322
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• 2018

This research aims to cast light upon security characteristics of the Peace Line, which have been underestimated. To understand maritime order and maritime security policy of the Republic of Korea between 1950 and 1970, it is necessary to analyze the Peace Line as line of defence and to investigate its character This research begins with analyzation of historical facts and investigation on security characteristics of the Peace Line. It goes further to examination of legal justification of the Peace Line, which was one of international legal issues of the period, principally regarding its security characteristics. As results of the study, it could be said that the security characteristics of the Peace Line was the line of defensive waters, which set its goal mainly to prevent infiltration of communist spies. The Peace Line had practical effect as it functioned as a base line of the ROK Navy to take anti-spy operation. At the early phase of the Korea-Japan Negotiation, the Korea delegation interpreted significance of the Peace Line passively. After abrogation of Clark Line, the delegation, however, became positive to maintain the Peace Line and its security characteristics. Security characteristics of the Peace Line was recognized again, as it became the base line of special maritime zone which was made in 1972. Through analysis on international law, it is concluded that the Peace Line was fair as a part of the right of self-defense against indirect aggression. North Korea attempted indirect aggression mainly from sea way, and these might undermine peace and cause urgent and unjust damage on the ROK. Thus the ROK's action of anti-spy operation through the Peace Line can be justifiable as considering the right of self-defence. Also the Peace Line accorded with principles of necessity, immediacy and proportionality. As it was argued on the above, the Peace Line as line of defence was one of the most significant factor in the ROK's maritime security history from the Hot war against communist forces to Cold war period after Korean War and must not be underestimated.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2008년도 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.19-24
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• 2008

맞춤형 해양보안 서비스제공을 위한 민간 해양경비지도사의 역할, 기능, 활동영역의 범주를 설정하고 기대효과를 분석하였다. 또한 해양경비지도사의 도입 타당성을 평가하기 위하여 우선 항만을 대상으로 해양경비지도사 업무영역을 고찰하고 미래 수요를 예측하였다.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.131-136
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• 2011

As the faithful performance of ISPS of IMO, nowadays actually applicable an integrated safety and security system in and out of vessel should be organized in views of seafarers. Therefore, this paper is aimed to design a fundamental system for ship's integrated safety and security. The system of integrated grabbing will affect efficiently in any maritime field of material and human flow. Therefore this research will be expected to affect economical side by securing all the risk of maritime issues. In addition to the passenger ship and merchant vessel, it is applicable to other public and private vessels either. As a result of this paper, the system designed collecting various data through integrating the system including RFID reader, PIR sensor, and CMOS camera by putting an individual number into each unit that could be control at easy.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2010년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.303-310
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• 2010

오늘날 세계경제를 견인하는 국제무역의 약 98%는 해양을 통해 이루어지고 있다. 이러한 사실은 해양의 안보가 세계경제뿐만 아니라 세계의 안보에도 핵심적 요소가 되고 있음을 시사한다. 따라서 이제는 국제사회가 국제해양안보협력의 문제를 근본에서부터 평가하고 보다 발전시킬 때가 되었다. 그러나 해양안보협력의 문제는 각 국가들이 상이한 해양안보문제에 직면하고 있고 이러한 안보문제를 해결하기 위한 안보협력을 위해서는 많은 인력과 예산이 투입되어야 하기 때문에 그렇게 쉬운 일이 아니다. 따라서 본 논문은 소말리아와 말라카 해협 등 국제적 핵심해상교통로 상에서의 해적대응을 위한 해양안보협력현황을 평가하고 이 평가에 기초하여 보다 발전적인 해양안보협력방안을 제시하기 위한 목적으로 작성하였다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.7-16
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• 2022

The targets of cyber-attacks are not limited to the websites and internal IT systems of shipping agencies. Ships and ports have become important targets for cyber attackers. This paper examines the current state of ship network security, introduces the International Maritime Organization's resolution on ship network security management, and summarizing the cyber-attacks in maritime so the readers can have a general understanding of maritime environment.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2022

Scientific and technological progress is also fundamental to the evolving merchant shipping industry, both in terms of the size and speed of modern ships and in the level of their technical capabilities. While the freight performance of ships is growing, the number of crew on board is steadily decreasing, as more work processes are being automated through the implementation of information technologies, including ship management systems. Although there have been repeated appeals from international maritime organizations to focus on building effective maritime security defenses against cyber attacks, the problems have remained unresolved. Owners of shipping companies do not disclose information about cyberattack attempts or incidents against them due to fear of commercial losses or consequences, such as loss of image, customer and insurance claims, and investigations by independent international organizations and government agencies. Issues of cybersecurity of control systems in the world today have gained importance, due to the fact that existing threats concern not only the security of technical means and devices, but also issues of environmental safety and safety of life at sea. The article examines the implementation of cyber risk management in the shipping industry, providing recommendations for the safe ship operation and its systems in order to improve vulnerability to external threats related to cyberattacks, and to ensure the safety and security of such a technical object as a seagoing ship.