• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.165-171
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• 2016

In this study, the characterization of projects and analysis of R&D products and commercialization performances were done to serve some implications on the policy decisions related to the commercialization of R&D in marine and fisheries sector. A total of 212 R&D projects with 144 ones for marine and 68 for fisheries performed for 5 years, from 2010 to 2014, were sorted and analyzed on the respect of government budget, main performing body, and research period. The R&D result and commercialization performance were substituted to quantitative indicators, such as the number of published papers, the number of patents, the amount of the technology royalty, the number of technology transfers, and the improvement of public service, which were subjects to be analysed. Based on the results, this study suggests the policy implications for the success of national R&D program; 1) diversifying the main performing body, 2) operating the system for sharing research infrastructures among researchers, 3) introducing the adaptable R&D program management, 4) expending the portion of grants without detailed requests for proposal, and 5) leaning the investigation of R&D budgets on projects focusing on the practicalization and commercialization.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.53-65
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• 2009

Tenacibaculum maritimum (formerly Flexibacter maritimus) is the aetiological agent of an ulcerative and necrotic disease commonly called tenacibaculosis in marine fish. Tenacibaculosis is an economically important disease in a great variety species in Jeju Island cultured fish and leading to this pathogen initially affected by skin, mouth, fins, tail causing severe necrotic and ulcerative lesions on the body surface. In the present study, A-7 strain was isolated from Paralichthys olivaceus showing symptoms of tenacibaculosis and identified as T. maritimum by morphological, biochemical and molecular biological analysis. T. maritimum A-7 is experimentally infected through immersion route in Paralichthys olivaceus which the disease outbreaks in land-based fish tanks of Jeju Island. Up to data a number of treatments proposed for the tenacibaculosis outbreaks are based on the immersion administration of drugs in tank. Oxytetracycline is the most widely used disinfectants in fish farms. However, most of fish farms manager and consumers have expressed concern as bioaccumulation in tissue and its environmental. In addition, this antimicrobial compounds is expensive in fish farmers. The overcome of this problem is desired the application of natural plant derived products. To obtain as 70% EtOH extract antimicrobial compounds against tenacibaculosis from 35 species of Jeju Island native plants were screened for antimicrobial activity against T. maritimum. In the present study were identified most of the plant extracts were better antimicrobial activity against T. maritimum.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 2014

The structures of reinforced concrete has been extensively increased with rapid development of industrial society. Futhermore, these reinforced concretes are easy to expose to severe corrosive environments such as sea water, contaminated water, acid rain and seashore etc.. Thus, corrosion problem of inner steel bar embedded in concrete is very important in terms of safety and economical point of view. In this study, multiple mortar test specimen(W/C:0.4) with six types having different cover thickness each other was prepared and was immerged in seawater solution for five years to evaluate the effect of cover thickness and immersion years to corrosion property of embedded steel bar. And the polarization characteristics of these embedded steel bars was investigated using electrochemical methods such as measuring corrosion potential, cathodic polarization curve, and cyclic voltammogram. At the beginning of immersion, the corrosion potentials exhibited increasingly nobler values with increasing cover thickness. However, after immersed for 5 years, the thicker cover of thickness, the corrosion potentials shifted in the negative direction, and the relationship between corrosion potential and cover thickness was not in good agreement with each other. Therefore, it is considered that the thinner cover of thickness, corrosive products deposited on the surface of the embedded steel bar plays the role as a resistance polarization which is resulted in decreasing the corrosion rate as well as shifting the corrosion potential in the positive direction. As a result, it seemed that the evaluation which corrosion possibility of the reinforced steel would be estimated by only measuring the corrosion potential may not be a completely desirable method. Therefore, it is suggested that we should take into account various parameters, including cover thickness, passed aged years as well as corrosion potential for more accurate assessment of corrosion possibility of reinforced steel which is exposed to partially or fully in marine environment for long years.

• Journal of Marine Bioscience and Biotechnology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2006

Natural product compounds are the source of numerous therapeutic agents. The marine environment produces natural products from a variety of structural classes exhibiting activity against numerous disease targets including anticancer agents. Among these, pectenotoxin-2 (PTX-2), which was first identified as a cytotoxic entity in marine sponges, which depolymerizes actin filaments, was found to be highly effective and more potent to activate an intrinsic pathway of apoptosis in p53-deficient tumor cells compared to those with functional p53 both in vitro and in vivo. However, the anti-proliferative mechanism of the compound at non-cytotoxic concentrations has not yet been explored. In the current study, we sought to investigate anti-proliferation and apoptosis of PTX-2 against U937 human leukemic cells and its underlying molecular mechanism. Exposure of U937 cells to PTX-2 resulted in growth inhibition and induction of apoptosis in dose- and time-dependent manner as measured by MTT assay, fluorescent microscopy and flow cytometric analysis. The anti-proliferative effect of PTX-2 was associated with a marked increase in the expression of cyclin-dependent kinase p21 (WAF1/CIP1) mRNA which was tumor suppressor p53-independent. The increase in apoptosis was connected with a time-dependent down-regulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-XL and inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs) family such as XIAP and cIAP-2. Though additional studies are needed, these findings suggested that PTX-2-induced inhibition of U937 cells was associated with the induction of apoptotic cell death and the results provided important new insights into the possible molecular mechanisms of the anti-cancer activity of PTX-2.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.146-156
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• 2018

Spermidine is a naturally occurring polyamine compound that has recently emerged with anti-aging properties and suppresses inflammation and oxidation. However, its mechanisms of action on anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the potential of spermidine for reducing pro-inflammatory and oxidative effects in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages and zebrafish was explored. Our data indicate that spermidine significantly inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), and cytokines including tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ and $interleukin-1{\beta}$ in RAW 264.7 macrophages without any significant cytotoxicity. The protective effects of spermidine accompanied by a marked suppression in their regulatory gene expression at the transcription levels. Spermidine also attenuated the nuclear translocation of $NF-{\kappa}B$ p65 subunit and reduced LPS-induced intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Moreover, spermidine prevented the LPS-induced NO production and ROS accumulation in zebrafish larvae and was found to be associated with a diminished recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages. Although more work is needed to fully understand the critical role of spermidine on the inhibition of inflammation-associated migration of immune cells, our findings clearly demonstrate that spermidine may be a potential therapeutic intervention for the treatment of inflammatory and oxidative disorders.

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.19-26
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• 2012

In this study, geotechnical tests including unconfined compression test were carried out to evaluate the ground improvement effect of the hardening agent, which has been developed by using inter-chemical reactions between slag, fly ash, phosphogypsum and bypass dust on the weathered granite soil and dredged marine clay. Test results show that the strength of weathered granite soil mixed with hardening agent B-2, which uses phosphogypsum as an activator, is higher than that of B-1, which uses bypass dust as an activator. Strengths of B-1 & B-2 hardening agent mixed soil show only 44%~60% of strength of OPC(Ordinary Portland Cement, OPC) mixed soil. However, since B-1 and B-2 agents are made of industrial by-products, they seem economically more effective than ordinary portland cement as well as other present hardening agents. Test results on dredged marine clay show that unconfined compression strength increases with amount of agent and curing days. Unconfined compression strength of 14% B-1 agent mixed soil increases linearly with curing days and reaches only 40% of OPC mixed soil. While unconfined compression strength of 14% B-2 agent mixed soil increases exponentially and reaches 133% of OPC mixed soil. Relationship between deformation modulus and unconfined compression strength of B-1 and B-2 mixed soil can be expressed as $E_{50}=(20{\sim}47)_{qu,28}$, which is similar with lower limit of OPC mixed dredged marine clay.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.79-87
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• 2010

Ultraviolet is the one of the main environmental factors promoting aging process via increased intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and decreased expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and molecules. Therefore, in this study, we tried to search for natural skin-protective antioxidant materials from marine origins (Porphyra Thalli, Laminariae japonicae thallus, Ostreae Concha, Sargassum Thallus, Undaria thallus, Haliotidis Concha, Codium thalli, Syngnathoides biaculeatus, Hippocampus, Stichopus Stichopus, Thalli, Hizikia fusiforme thalli) which exhibit free radical scavenging activity and protect against UVB-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative cell death. Free radical scavenging activity was shown in order of Undaria thallus. Sargassum Thallus, Laminariae japonicae thallus, Hippocampus, Haliotidis Concha, Ostreae Concha, Syngnathoides biacuJeatus. In another experiment, UVB-induced cytotoxicity and cell death were effectively suppressed by treatment of Sargassum Thallus, Haliotidis Concha, Codium thalli, or Hippocampus water extract. Furthermore, UVB-induced cell death was mediated by intracellular accumulation or ROS, which was significantly inhibited by treatment with aforementioned extracts. The protective effect of these marine natural products seemed to be mediated by increased expression of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase, superoxide dismutase, and heme oxygenase-1. These results suggest that Sargassum Thallus, Haliotidis Concha, Codium thalli, and Hippocampus may have preventive and protective potentials as new functional cosmetics against oxidative stress-mediated skin damages and aging with antioxidant properties.

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 1999.03a
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• pp.505-512
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• 1999

Soft marine clay deposits pose several foundation problems. Generally, lime stabilization is used worldwide for solidifying of soft marine clay deposits. In this paper, a series of laboratory tests were conducted to verify clay-lime reaction. A clay was collected from Pusan, which was mixed with various quantities of quick lime and slaked lime. Various compounds produced by clay-lime reaction were identified by X-ray diffraction analysis. The physico-chemical properties of the clay were also investigated. Compounds such as calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), calcium aluminate hydrate (CAH), calcium aluminate (CA), hillebrandite, and gehlenite were identified. It is likely that such compounds were mainly produced by pozzolanic reaction. Based on the change of physico-chemical properties obtained by the reaction, the water content was considerably decreased when lime was added to the clay. In addition, unconfined strength was increased. In the other hand, quick lime was more effective than slaked lime in decreasing and increasing of the water content and unconfined strength, respectively. Fewer cracks were produced when the clay was mixed with quick lime. It is suggested that these beneficial changes produced by the mixing of the clay and lime depend on the properties of compounds obtained by chemical reaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.277-284
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• 2013

To ensure that the production system of a factory is efficient, the factory layout design should consider the location and material flow plans of facilities, workshops, and storage areas. Highly productive factories need to have an optimized layout planning process, and a customized design methodology of the production system is a necessity for feasible layout planning. This paper presents a method for designing a layout module's size and shape and provides a heuristic location-allocation algorithm for the modules. The method is implemented and validated using a rich internet application-based platform. The layout design method is based on the leisure ship production process; this method can be used for designing the layout of a new factory or remodeling an existing factory and its production system. In contrast to existing layout methods, the inputs required for the proposed method, such as target products, production processes, and human-resource plans, are simple. This layout design method provides a useful solution for the initial stage of factory design.

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.272-278
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• 2013

Accurate identification of fish and fish products, from eggs to adults, is important in many areas. Grey mullets of the family Mugilidae are distributed worldwide and inhabit marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments in all tropical and temperate regions. Various Mugilid species are commercially important species in fishery and aquaculture of many countries. For the present study we have chosen two Mugilid genes with different phylogenetic signals: relatively variable mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and conservative nuclear rhodopsin (RHO). We examined their diversity within and among 9 Mugilid species belonging to 4 genera, many of which have been examined from multiple specimens, with the goal of determining whether DNA barcoding can achieve unambiguous species recognition of Mugilid species. The data obtained showed that information based on COI sequences was diagnostic not only for species-level identification but also for recognition of intraspecific units, e.g., allopatric populations of circumtropical Mugil cephalus, or even native and acclimatized specimens of Chelon haematocheila. All RHO sequences appeared strictly species specific. Based on the data obtained, we conclude that COI, as well as RHO sequencing can be used to unambiguously identify fish species. Topologies of phylogeny based on RHO and COI sequences coincided with each other, while together they had a good phylogenetic signal.