• ALGAE
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.333-342
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• 2011

Macroalgae are important primary producers in marine ecosystem. They don't only play an important role as bioindicators but also provide economic resources for humans. Seasonal and vertical variations in seaweed species composition and biomass were examined to determine the ecological status of seaweed beds around Udo, near Jeju Island. We obtained samples at two sites in the high-intertidal to subtidal zones using the quadrat method between June 2010 and May 2011. A total of 262 species were collected, including 31 green, 61 brown, and 170 red algae. The composition of algal species revealed a decrease in species growing in cold water in comparison with the list 20 years ago. The macroalgal mean biomass (g wet wt $m^{-2}$) was 3,476 g and 2,393 g from the two sites, respectively. Ecklonia cava had the greatest biomass at both sites. The seasonal dominant species by biomass at site 1 from the low-intertidal to 1-3 m depth of the subtidal zone was mostly comprised of thick-leathery form, such as Sargassum hemiphyllum, S. coreanum, and Ecklonia cava, whereas site 2 was comprised of the turf form, such as Chondrophycus intermedius, Chondracanthus intermedius, Dictyopteris prolifera, and Gelidium elegans. The current ecological status of the seaweed community in Udo is stable based on diversity and dominance indices.

• ALGAE
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.85-103
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• 2022

Korea is one of the most advanced countries in kelp aquaculture. The brown algae, Undaria pinnatifida and Saccharina japonica are major aquaculture species and have been principally utilized for human food and abalone feed in Korea. This review discusses the diversity, population structure and genomics of kelps. In addition, we have introduced new cultivar development efforts considering climate change, and potential carbon sequestration of kelp aquaculture in Korea. U. pinnatifida showed high diversity within the natural populations but reduced genetic diversity in cultivars. However, very few studies of S. japonica have been conducted in terms of population structure. Since studies on cultivar development began in early 2000s, five U. pinnatifida and one S. japonica varieties have been registered to the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). To meet the demands for seaweed biomass in various industries, more cultivars should be developed with specific traits to meet application demands. Additionally, cultivation technologies should be diversified, such as integrated multi-trophic aquaculture (IMTA) and offshore aquaculture, to achieve environmental and economic sustainability. These kelps are anticipated to be important sources of blue carbon in Korea.

• ALGAE
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.217-228
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• 2019

The marine brown algal genus Colpomenia has a worldwide distribution, with five species reported in Korea and Japan. However, no studies to date attempted to identify the number of species and geographical distribution of Colpomenia along Chinese coast. To fill the biodiversity knowledge gap, we analyzed 63 mitochondrial cox3 and 62 mitochondrial atp6 sequences of Colpomenia specimens collected from 30 localities along the Chinese coast. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference trees suggest the presence of at least three Colpomenia species (i.e., C. peregrina, C. claytoniae, and C. sinuosa) in China. C. peregrina and C. claytoniae are documented for the first time. C. sinuosa was only found in the South China Sea and its distribution didn't overlap with that of C. peregrina which was found in the Yellow-Bohai Sea and the East China Sea. C. claytoniae appears to be confined to three isolated islands in the East and the South China Sea, where it occurs in sympatry with, respectively, C. peregrina and C. sinuosa. Future study can focus on comparing eco-physiological differences of Colpomenia species in response to environmental variables and exploring possible genetic hybridization / introgression at inter-specific contact zones.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.291-296
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• 1997

국내 연안에서 생산되는 해조류 즉, 갈조류에 속하는 미역, 다시마 그리고 톳, 녹조류에 속하는 파래, 그리고 홍조류에 속하는 우뭇가사리, 꼬시래기에 함유된 식이섬유소의 함량과 이들 해조류로부터 가용성 식이섬유소를 효과적으로 추출하고자 산과 알칼리 그리고 효소를 사용하였다. 그 결과, 미역의 식이섬유 추출에는 $1.5\%$의 탄산나트륨 용액, 또는 $2.0\%$의 $Na_2EDTA$가 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 다시마는 $1.0\%$의 $Na_2EDTA$, 톳은 $2.0\%$의 탄산나트륨, 우뭇가사리와 꼬시래기는 $2.0\%$의 $Na_2EDTA$를 사용하였을 때 가용성 식이섬유의 수율이 높았다. 파래는 탄산나트륨, 수산화나트륨 그리고 $Na_2EDTA$ 중에서 특별히 효과적인 것은 없었으며 $2\%$농도에서 $17.49\~18.46\%$로 나타났다. 또한 추출시간과 온도를 검토한 결과, $100^{\circ}C$ 에서 해조중의 식이섬유 추출은 추출시간이 길수록 추출율이 높게 나타났으며, 추출온도에도 큰 영향을 받는 것으로 나타나 우뭇가사리와 꼬시래기는 $110\~$에서 1시간 추출시 각각 $38.48\%$와 $42.11\%$의 높은 수율을 나타내었다.

• ALGAE
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.101-109
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• 2014

Small red algae, especially those previously referred to as 'primitive' are often overlooked, but can be quite abundant. These 'primitive' red algae are now placed in several classes distinct from the Florideophyceae, for example the Stylonematophyceae. A brownish-red filamentous alga was collected from a sandy tide pool at Cape Tribulation, Queensland, Australia. Cultured specimens were identified as Bangiopsis and conformed to the morphological characters of the genus (multicellular base, erect filaments branched or unbranched, uniseriate to multiseriate-tubular, single multilobed purple-red to red-brown plastid with central pyrenoid, vegetative cells released directly as spores). Molecular data of two plastid genes (rbcL, psbA) support placement of the Australian isolate and isolates from India in Bangiopsis. The genetic variation between these isolates and isolates from Puerto Rico previously attributed to B. subsimplex indicates that these should be considered as a separate species. As the type locality is in the Atlantic Ocean, French Guiana, and not far from Puerto Rico, and the Puerto Rican isolate has been used often in phylogenetic analyses, we propose that the Indian and Pacific Ocean isolates be designated a new species, B. franklynottii, to acknowledge Ott's many years of research on inconspicuous freshwater and marine red algae. Our research also highlights the lack of careful descriptions in many of the records of this genus and the lack of morphological characters to distinguish species. Especially within the morphologically simple red algae, morphological distinctness does not necessarily reflect evolutionary divergences.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.134-139
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• 2005

Seven brown algal species (Ecklonia cava, Ishige okamurae, Sargassum fulvellum, Sargassum horneri, Sargassum coreanum, Sargassum thunbergii and Scytosiphon lomentaria) were hydrolyzed using five proteases (Protamex, Kojizyme, Neutrase, Flavourzyme and Alcalase) and screened for angiotensin 1-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities. Most algal species examined showed good ACE inhibitory activities after the enzymatic hydrolysis. However, E. cava was the most potent ACE inhibitor of the seven species. Flavourzyme digest of E. cava exhibited an $IC_{50}$ of around $0.3\;{\mu}g/mL$ for ACE; captopril has an $IC_{50}$ of $\~0.05\;{\mu}g/mL$. The Flavourzyme digest was separated to three fractions by an ultrafiltration membrane (5, 10, 30 kDa MWCO) system according to the molecular weights. The active components were mainly concentrated in >30 kD fraction which are composed of the highest protein content $(27\%)$ and phenolic content (261 mg/100 mL) compared to the other two smaller molecular weight fractions. Therefore, the active compounds appear to be relatively high molecular weight complex molecules associated with protein (glycoprotein) and polyphenols. Therefore, E. cave is a potential source of antihypertensive compound.

• ALGAE
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.201-212
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• 2020

The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) including ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease are characterized by chronic inflammation throughout the gastrointestinal tract. The prevalence of IBD has been increasing worldwide, and has sometimes led to irreversible impairment of gastrointestinal structure and functions. In the present study, we identified a new sulfoquinovosylmonoacylglycerols (SQMG) (1) together with two known SQMGs (2 and 3) regulating intestinal inflammation from the brown alga Turbinaria ornata. The anti-inflammatory properties of two bioactive SQMGs, 1 and 2 were evaluated using an in vitro co-culture system consisting of human epithelial Caco-2 cells and PMA (phorbol 12-myristate 12-acetate)-differentiated THP-1 macrophages. Treatment with 1 or 2 inhibited the production nitric oxide and prostaglandin E₂ induced by lipopolysaccharide and interferon γ challenge. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase 2 were markedly down-regulated in response to inhibition of nuclear factor κB translocation to nucleus. These findings suggest the potential use of the brown alga T. ornata and its biologically active metabolites SQMGs as pharmaceutical adjuvants in the treatment of inflammation-related diseases, including IBD.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.655-665
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• 2013

한국 서해안 어청도에서 조간대와 조하대에 생육하는 해조류의 생물량과 군집구조를 조사하기 위하여 2008년 6월부터 2009년 4월까지 계절별로 총 4회 현장 조사를 수행하였다. 조사결과 녹조류 12종, 갈조류 23종, 홍조류 66종이 출현하여 총 101종 채집되어 동정되었다. 이중 19종은 일 년 내내 출현하였다. 총 생물량의 많은 부분을 차지하고 있는 우점종은 작은구슬산호말(Corallina pilulifera), 우뭇가사리(Gelidium elegans), 지충이(Sargassum thunbergii), 톳(Sargassum fusiforme), 다시마(Saccharina japonica) 괭생이모자반(Sargassum honeri), 고사리모자반(Sargassum filicinum)이었다. 연간 평균 건중량은 $237.5gm^{-2}$이었으며, 최대값은 겨울에 $272.1gm^{-2}$, 최소값은 여름에 $204.5gm^{-2}$을 기록하였다. 조하대에서의 출현종과 생물량은 조간대에 비하여 많았다. 어청도에서 출현종수와 생물량은 투명도가 낮은 한국 서해 연안의 일반적 특성과 반대로 높은 투명도와 자연 암반의 발달로 인하여 한국 서해안의 다른 도서에 비하여 높은 것으로 보인다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.374-384
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• 1999

부산 용호동 일대의 저서 해조상 및 군집구조가 1996년 7월부터 1997년 4월까지 계절별로 각 transect line을 따라서 방형구법에 의하여 조간대와 조하대 지역에서 조사되었다. 이 지역에서 남조식물 3종, 녹조식물 13종, 갈조식물 26종, 홍조 식물 57종으로 총 99종이 동정 분류되었다. 이중에서 35 분류군은 연중 출현하였으며, Ulva pertusa와 Corallina pilulifera는 4계절 우점 하여 나타났다. Enteromorpha spp.와 Ulva spp.는 주로 상부와 중부에 분포하는 반면에, Symphyocladia latiuscula, Chondria crassicaulis, Corailina pilulifera 및 Sargassum spp.는 주로 하부지역에 분포하였다. 단위면적당 평균생물량은 $1,241 g/m^2\~1,648 g/m^2$의 범위로서, 봄에는 낮았고 여름에 높았다. 종다양도지수는 봄에 최대값을, 가을에 최소값을 기록하였다. UPGAM에 의한 군집분석결과, 조사된 5개의 지점은 외해에 노출되어 있는 지역(transects 1, 2, 3)과 부산항 쪽으로 면하여 있어서 비교적 덜 노출되어 있는 지역 (transeco 4, 5)의 2개의 군으로 분리되었다. 외해에 노출되어 있는 지역은 주로 갈조식물인 Sargassum과 Hizikia가, 덜 노출되어 있는 지역에서는 Ulva pertusa와 Lomentaria가 주로 발견되었으며, 양 지역 모두에서는 석회조류인 Corallina pilulifera가 일년 내내 우점하여 출현하였다. 결론적으로 본 조사지역에서는 과거에 비하여 출현종이 현저히 감소하였고, 이러한 결과는 근래에 본 조사지역 인근의 연안 해양환경에 부하될 수 있는 물리, 화학적인 잠재적 오염원을 고려할 때, 차후 본 지역의 해조 식생의 변화에도 시사하는 바 크다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2017

Marine algal flora and community structures were examined seasonally at three sites around the Shingori Nuclear Power Plant, Korea from February to November 2016. A total of 76 species were identified, including 9 green, 14 brown and 53 red algae. The greatest number of species occurred at Daesongri (51 species) followed by Sinamri (43 species) and at the discharge area (38 species) during the study period. Of the 76 seaweeds, 59 annuals and 17 warm tolerant species were recorded. Annual average biomass in dry weight varied from $168.02g/m^2$ at the discharge area to $222.53g/m^2$ at Sinamri. The coarsely branched form was the dominant functional form of seaweeds at the three sites. Seaweed community structures at the discharge site were distinguishable by decreasing species richness, biomass, species diversity index, richness index, and evenness index. The ratio of warm tolerance species and the dominance index values were remarkably higher at the discharge than those at the other sites.