• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.97-106
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• 1986

Authors studies on the isolation of V. vulnificus from sea water, sea mud fishes, shellfishes and algae at the seasides of Pusan, Masan, Chungmu and Ulsan in Korea in 1985. Authors carried out test for isolated strains to bacteriological test, hemolysis test about erythrocytes of various animal, sensitivity test of various chemotherapeutic agents and serological test with antiserum of V. vulnificus. The resultls obtained were as follows: 1. V. vulnificus was isolated 15 strains from 399 total specimens: 110 cases of sea water, 40 cases of sea mud, 90 cases of fishes, 60 cases of shellfishes and 79 cases of various algae, respectively. 2. Nine strains were isolalted from sea water, 4 strains were isolated from sea mud and 2 strains were isolated from fishes, respectively. 3. Two strains among 15 strains isolated were lactose positive reaction. 4. All strains isolated were grown in concentration of $0.5%{\sim}7.0%$ NaCl, but were not grown 0% and 8.0% NaCl. 5. Hemolysis reaction about various erythrocytes was sensitived to guinea pig, human and rabbit erythrocytes, but was not sensitived to sheep erythrocytes. 6. Sensitivity test using with chemotherapeutic agents of "BioLab" Microbial Sensitivity Test Discs were generally sensitived to amikacin, ampicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, gentamycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, tetracyclin and tobramycin, and were moderate to penicillin, but were resistant to methicillin and lincomycin, respectively. 7. The distribution of serotypes of V. vulnificus isolated were on antiserum of $0.1{\sim}07$ of V. vulnificus: 1 case of 01 and 2 cases of 07, respectively.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.381-386
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• 2011

실험물질은 두피건강 및 발모에 유용한 소재를 혼합하여 열수 추출한 후 유산균에 발효시킨 2차 발효물질로서 고기능성이 예상되는 물질이다. C57BL/6 마우스의 등을 제모하고 실험물질을 처리하였을 때 암 수 모두에서 양성대조군인 minoxidil과 비교하였을 때 동등이상의 우수한 발모효과가 있음을 확인하였다. 특히 수컷의 경우 200 mg/kg 이하의 농도에서 우수한 효과가 관찰되었고 암컷에서는 고용량인 500 mg/kg까지 현저한 발모효과가 관찰되어 성별 처치 용량에 차이가 있는 것으로 사료되었다. 또한 양성대조군 minoxidil이 신속한 발모효과를 보이는 반면 털의 긁기가 감소하는 현상이 관찰되었으나 실험물질을 처리한 군에서는 제모전과 동등이상의 굵기를 유지하였다. 이러한 발모효과를 확인하기위해 모발성장관련 유전자 발현을 분석한 결과 실험물질이 KGF, VEGF 등의 모발성장촉진인자의 발현을 증가시키는 반면 탈모를 유도하는 $TGF{\beta}1$의 발현에는 반응을 하지 않아 유용한 발모제제로서의 가능성이 입증되었다. 더불어 실험물질에 의한 NO 분비가 두피의 혈류개선을 유도하여 탈모억제효능을 나타낼 것으로 사료되어 발효생약추출물인 MBN이 모발성장 및 탈모예방제제로의 개발이 가능 할 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국어병학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.45-52
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• 2009

Zebrafish was firstly applied to an experimental model for scuticociliatosis caused by Philasterides dicentrarchi, a facultative parasitic ciliate in cultured marine fish. The susceptibility of zebrafish to infection of P. dicentrarchi was assessed by intraperitoneal injection of the ciliates, which produced typical symptoms of scuticociliatosis and significant mortality. The potential use of zebrafish as a model to evaluate the vaccine efficacy against scuticociliatosis was analyzed by immunization of zebrafish with the ciliates lysate. Furthermore, the effect of different adjuvants, such as Quillaja saponin (QS), Montanide, and Freund’s incomplete adjuvant (FIA) on the protective efficacy of the vaccine was investigated. Groups of zebrafish injected with QS or Montanide alone showed higher survival of fish against challenge test compared to control fish. The results suggest that adjuvant-mediated enhancement of innate immune responses play important roles in protection of fish against scuticociliatosis. The considerably high survival in the fish immunized with the antigen alone indicates that the ciliate lysate itself is highly immunogenic to zebrafish, which can elicit protective immune responses. The protective potential of the antigen, ciliate lysate, was enforced through combined administration with adjuvants including QS, Montinide and FIA. No or low mortalities in the groups of fish immunized with the antigen plus adjuvants suggests that the adaptive immune responses of zebrafish might be accelerated by the adjuvants or the protective potential of the antigen and adjuvants might synergistically interact. In spite of several shortcomings such as difficulties in sampling of serum and leucocytes enough to routine immunological analyses, zebrafsih might be the most convenient experimental animal for scuticociliatosis.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.180-186
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• 1998

A 10-week feeding experiment was conducted to determine the phosphorus requirement of juvenile Korean rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli). Three replicate groups of fish initially averaging 4.2g were fed the semipurified experimental diets containing graded levels of $NaH_2PO_4\;\cdot\;2H_2O$ to provide from $0.1\%$ to $1.32\%$ total phosphorus level in a flow-through seawater system. Korean rockfish muscle and casein were used as the protein sources of the basal diet. Weight gain, feed efficiency and protein retention of fish fed the $0.35\%$ phosphorus were higher than those of fish fed the $0.1\%$ phosphorus, although no significant improvements $(P>0.01)$ were observed above the level. Determined phosphorus requirement using the broken line model was found to be $0.3\%$ for weight gain. Moisture, protein and lipid contents of whole body and muscle were not affected by dietary phosphorus levels $(P>0.01)$. Lipid contents of liver in fish fed the $0.1\%$ phosphorus were lower than those in fish fed the $0.35\%$ and $1.32\%$ phosphorus $(P<0.01)$. Dietary phosphorus increased ash and phosphorus contents of the whole body, while those of bone were not affected $(P>0.01)$. The data obtained in this study indicate that a $0.3\%$ dietaryphosphorus level could be recommended for the optimum growth and efficient nutrient utilization of juvenile Korean rockfish.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.299-304
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• 2000

In the present paper, the immunostimulatory effects of the extracellular products (ECP) from Mycobacterium spp. and various adjuvants on the non-specific immune responses of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis nilotica, were examined. Nile tilapia were immunized by injecting ECP of Mycobacterium spp. (strain TB40, TB267 or the type strain Mycobacterium marinum) into their swim bladders. A variety of adjuvants like as Freund s complete adjuvant (FCA), Freund's incomplete adjuvant (FIA) and Titremax were similarly injected into additional groups of tilapia. The number of nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT)-positive cells observed in the swim bladder of the immunized fish was signigicantly increased by the fourth day post-immunization. By day 8, the numbers of NBT-positive cells were fewer in fish immunized with ECP from mycobacteria strains TB40 or TB267 than those immunized with ECP from M. marinum or fish injected with FCA or FIA. The level of Iysozyme activity detected in the serum of fish 40 alter immunization with ECP from various Mycobacterium spp. was also significantly higher than that found in the serum of the control fish. Head kidney macrophages showed enhanced reduction of NBT when cultured in vitro with 1 $\mu$ g/ml of ECP. Concentrations greater than this (10 or 100 $\mu$g/ml) were found to suppress the reduction of NBT by the macrophages. ECP from Mycobacterium spp. and the various adjuvants used in the study all appear to be good activators of the non-specific immune responses of Nile tilapia.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.201-209
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• 2007

Line transect sampling in a sighting survey is one of most widely used methods for assessing animal abundance. This study applied distance data, collected from three sighting surveys using line transects for finless porpoise that were conducted in 2004 and 2005 off the west coast of Korea, to four models (hazard-rate, uniform, half-normal and exponential) that can use a variety of detection functions, g (x). The hazard-rate model, a derived model for the detection function, should have a shoulder condition chosen using the AIC (Akaike Information Criterion), as the most suitable model. However, it did not describe a shoulder shape for the value of g(x) near the track tine and underestimated g (x), just as the exponential model did. The hazard-rate model showed a bias toward overestimating the densities of finless porpoises with a higher coefficient of variation (CV) than the other models did. The uniform model underestimated the densities of finless porpoise but had the lowest CV. The half-normal model described a detection function with a shape similar to that of the uniform model. The half-normal model was robust for finless porpoise data and should be able to avoid density underestimation. The estimated abundance of finless porpoise was 3,602 individuals (95% CI=1,251-10,371) inshore in 2005 and 33,045 individuals (95% CI=24,274-44,985) offshore in 2004.

• Animal cells and systems
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2000

The genus Dendronephthya, generally known as soft corals, is reported as an abundant and variable taxon. They mostly distribute in warmer waters of the Undo-Pacific Ocean region including Korea. In spite of their abundance and ecological importance as habitats of marine organisms, there are difficulties in the study of their identification and systematics because they have morphological variabilities and limited taxonomec characters. To resolve the problems, we attempted to elucidate the genetic relationships in the genus Dendronephthya by using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. This study was based on eight dendronephthian species and one Alcyoniidae species, Alcyonium gracillimum, as an outgroup. The results from all analysis suggest that they could be classified into four groups by the growth form and the anthocodial grades as follows: the first one,D. putteri and D. suensoni with the divaricate form and VI grade; the second one,D. sp.1 and D. sp.2 with the divaricate form and III or IV grade; the third one, D. gigantea and D. aurea being closer than D. spinifera with the glomerate form and III grade; the last one, D. castanea related to D. gigantea rather than D. putteri with the umbellate form and IV grade. Moreover, the divaricate form was separated from the group of the glomerate and umbellate form. At the intraspecies level, the types of the D. castanea, D. gigantea and D. spinifera were separated depending on the feature of spicules in the polyp head, and the coloration could not influence genetic variation. From this study, we can confirm that their morphological characters are compatible with the genetic variation, also RAPD analysis is a very useful method for resolving the systematic relationships of den-deonephthians.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.316-325
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• 2005

The antioxidant potential of a $75\%$ methanolic extract of highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) and its different fractions was investigated using different reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitric oxide (NO.), metal chelating and lipid peroxidation assays. Methylene chloride and $75\%$ methanol fractions showed equally high activities $(IC_{50} 0.010 mg/mL)$ for hydroxyl radical (HO) scavenging. Higher hydrogen peroxide $(H_2O_2)$ scavenging values were reported for the ethyl acetate and methylene chloride fractions and their $IC_{50}$ values were 0.20 and 0.15 mg/mL, respectively. Nitric oxide (NO.) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging activities were higher in ethyl acetate and methylene chloride fractions. Chloroform and water fractions showed higher activities in superoxide $(O_2.)$ scavenging. All fractions showed strong metal chelating capacities compared with the commercial antioxidants tested. The $0.1\%$ ethyl acetate fraction showed notable capacity to suppress lipid peroxidation in both fish oil and linoleic acid. Phenolic content was measured in all the fractions and methanolic extract. Among the fractions, ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest phenolic content.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권11호
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• pp.7781-7787
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• 2015

본 논문은 국내 양식 넙치 중장기 시장 규모 추정을 위해 구축된 수급전망모형을 개발한 내용과 이 모형을 이용하여 2015년-2017년 기간에 대해 시장 규모(수급 및 가격)를 예측한 내용을 소개하고 있다. 양식 넙치 수급전망모형은 단일품목 부분균형모형이며 동태 축차적 시뮬레이션 모형으로 개발되었고, 모형내 각 행태방정식은 계량경제학 방법을 이용하여 추정되었다. 중 장기 시장 규모 전망에 앞서 모형의 예측정확도는 RMSPE, MAPE, Theil의 불균등계수를 기준으로 검토되었다. 예측력 검토결과, 양식면적, 양성물량, 출하량, 도매가격은 모두 4% 이내의 양호한 오차율을 보였다. 국내 양식 넙치 시장 규모 전망결과, 생산량은 2015년 37,445톤, 2017년 42,561톤에 이를 것으로 전망되었고, 산지가격은 2015년 9,226원(1kg 기준), 2017년 10,191원될 것으로 전망되었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제57권6호
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• pp.699-704
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• 2019

Anisakiasis (anisakidosis) refers to a foodborne zoonosis caused by ingesting raw or undercooked marine fish or cephalopods infected with anisakid larvae. The present study was performed to investigate the prevalence of anisakid larvae in anchovies (Engraulis japonica) purchased from 2 local markets in Gyeongsangnam-do, the Republic of Korea (=Korea), during 2018-2019. Anchovies were transported to our laboratory and examined by pepsin-HCl artificial digestion technique followed by microscopic observations and molecular analyses. The overall prevalence of anisakid larvae was 19.5% (39/200), from which a total of 51 larvae (av. 1.3 larvae/infected anchovy) were recovered. Sequencing of the larvae targeting the ITS region, including ITS1, 5.8S rRNA, and ITS2 genes confirmed the species of larvae as Anisakis pegreffii (54.9%; 28/51), Hysterothylacium sinense (23.5%; 12/51), and Hysterothylacium aduncum (21.5%; 11/51). The results suggested that anchovies could be a potential source of human anisakiasis in Korea.