• 한국해양생명과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.113-120
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• 2022

Despite concerns about the significant toxicity of copper pyrithione (CuPT) at environmental concentrations, effects of CuPT on benthic organisms have received little attention. Here, we analyzed the detrimental effects of CuPT at sublethal concentrations (1/50, 1/20, and 1/10 of the 96 h-LC50 value) for 14 days in the marine polychaete Perinereis aibuhitensis. Reduced burrowing activity and significantly decreased the acetylcholinesterase activity in response to relatively high concentrations of CuPT were identified as CuPT-triggered cholinergic inhibition. The lipid peroxidation marker, malondialdehyde levels were dose-dependently increased, whereas intracellular glutathione was depleted by relatively high concentrations. In the CuPT-treated polychaete, significant fluctuations in the enzymatic activities of the antioxidant defense system (catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione peroxidase) were observed with significantly modulated glutathione 𝘚-transferase activity. These results indicate that even sublethal levels of CuPT would have detrimental effects on the health status of the marine polychaete.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2020

Sphacelaria is a filamentous brown algal genus that can be epibiotic on macroalgae, marine plants, and sea turtles. Its important role in benthic ecosystems, exposure to different stressors (e.g., grazing), and use as a model organism make Sphacelaria ideal for assessing physiological responses of organisms to environmental inputs. Single-cell RNA sequencing is a powerful new probe for understanding environmental responses of organisms at the molecular (transcriptome) level, capable of delineating gene regulation in different cell types. In the case of plants, this technique requires protoplasts ("naked" plant cells). The existing protoplast isolation protocols for Sphacelaria use non-commercial enzymes and are low-yielding. This study is the first to report the production of protoplasts from Sphacelaria fusca (Hudson) S.F. Gray, using a combination of commercial enzymes, chelation, and osmolarity treatment. A simple combination of commercial enzymes (cellulase Onozuka RS, alginate lyase, and driselase) with chelation pretreatment and an increased osmolarity (2512 mOsm/L H₂O) gave a protoplast yield of 15.08 ± 5.31 × 10⁴ protoplasts/g fresh weight, with all the Sphacelaria cell types represented. Driselase had no crucial effect on the protoplast isolation. However, the increased osmolarity had a highly significant and positive effect on the protoplast isolation, and chelation pretreatment was essential for optimal protoplast yield. The protocol represents a significant step forward for studies on Sphacelaria by efficiently generating protoplasts suitable for cellular studies, including single-cell RNA sequencing and expression profiling.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.872-877
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• 2009

By-products of marine organisms including salmon, skate, flatfish, and yellow goosefish were investigated to search for new source of chondroitin sulfate (CS). Agarose gel electrophoresis with chondroitinase depolymerization showed that purified chondroitin sulfate did not contain any other glycosaminoglycans. 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were acquired to confirm the structure and purity. The average molecular weight ranging from 22 to 64 kDa was determined by high performance size exclusion chromatography. Disaccharide compositions and purities were determined by strong anion exchange-high performance liquid chromatography (SAX-HPLC) after chondroitinase ABC depolymerization. SAX-HPLC data exhibited that the purity was from $81.7{\pm}1.3$ to $114.2{\pm}2.5%$ and the yield was from 1.3 to 12.5%. All analytical results indicate that salmon cartilage, skate cartilage, and yellow goosefish bone could be promising sources of CS to substitute shark cartilage CS in commercial neutraceuticals.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.431-434
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• 2014

Cytogenetic analysis was conducted to obtain basic information for chromosome manipulation of starry flounder Platichthys stellatus. Nuclear surface area and volume of erythrocyte were $7.60{\pm}0.93{\mu}m^2$ and $12.80{\pm}1.75{\mu}m^3$, respectively. The haploid DNA content of the species was 0.66 pg/haploid cell which correspond to 93% of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. A karyotype analysis was also carried out with the species using conventional staining and Ag-NOR banding techniques. It was consisted of 48 acrocentric chromosomes and inter-sex or intra-individual polymorphism was not detected in all specimens analyzed. The NOR regions, appearing a terminal position of the short arm of the smallest acrocentric pairs.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.901-906
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• 2013

We examined the availability of the lacZ gene (${\beta}$-galactosidase gene) as a reporter of foreign gene transfer in the cysts of Artemia franciscana (A. franciscana) to conduct a risk assessment of living genetically modified organisms (LMOs) in the marine ecosystem. The LacZ gene was transferred to decapsulated cysts by particle bombardment, and its insertion and expression were assessed by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and X-gal staining. X-gal staining indicated lacZ expression in all A. franciscana examined (including the control group), which exhibited not only negative but also positive PCR amplification. Endogenous ${\beta}$-galactosidase is highly active in the whole body of A. franciscana during all stages of the life cycle. Thus, the lacZ gene is unsuitable as a reporter for foreign gene transfer in A. franciscana cysts, because it is difficult to discriminate between exogenous and endogenous ${\beta}$-galactosidase activity.

• 한국마린엔지니어링학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국마린엔지니어링학회 2006년도 전기학술대회논문집
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• pp.273-274
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• 2006

The sea is origin of all lift, and 90% of the all living organisms are in the sea. The biosynthesis is very different. Many organisms are kept on a lower or developed to another evolutionary level than on shore. Our society is increasing demand and need for marine food and this food has to product at onshore or offshore fish farming sites. Ocean fish farms have a special operation properties such as a good quality water, net cage, sheltered locations and feeding system. The farming site is controlled and monitored for fish welfare as ammonia($NH_3$), temperature, the speed of a running fluid. Specially, the fish farm is seriously influenced by ammonia. In this paper, $NH_3$ monitoring system for ocean fish farm is researched for the suitable fish farming sites, and test equipment is designed for achieving practical data. The equipment wit monitoring algorithm is expected to the useful system for ocean fish farm.

• 한국해양바이오학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.34-43
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• 2018

Silicon has become of increasing importance as the basic element of many high-technology products. Its synthesis is very difficult requiring high temperature solid-state reactions (> $1000^{\circ}C$) or lower temperature methods ($100-200^{\circ}C$) involving hydrothermal and solvothermal reactions under extreme pH conditions. In nature, on the other hand, a wide range of living organisms have collectively evolved the means of biosilicification at the astounding rate of gigatons/year. This is impressive because biosilicification in these organisms occurs under mild physiological conditions. Marine sponges possess the ability to sequester soluble silicon sources from their environments and assemble them into intricate 3D architecture. The advent of molecular biology has recently made it possible to glean molecular information about biosilicification from these systems and it turned out that enzyme silicatein is the core of biosilicification. In this review, biosilicification regulated by silicatein and its mechanism are described. Also, production of silicatein through recombinant technology and several applications of recombinant silicatein are described including immobilization of silicatein, formation of Au or Ag nanoparticles on nanowires, nanolithography approaches, core-shell materials, encapsulation, bone replacement materials, and microstructured optical fibers.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.207-216
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• 2017

오염퇴적물의 생물영향평가를 위해 다양한 생물검정 연구가 수행되고 있다. 퇴적물에 직접 노출시키는 평가 방법은 실험과정 동안 섭식 및 섭식에 의한 생물의 영향을 배제할 수 없으며 관찰을 위한 실험 생물이 대형생물 또는 저서성 생물에 제한되는 등의 한계가 있다. 본 실험에서는 짧은 생활사를 가지며 많은 연구에서 독성 결과가 축적되어 있는 요각류와 퇴적물의 용출수를 이용해 생물영향평가의 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 오염의 정도가 다른 두 정점의 퇴적물 용출수에 해산 요각류를 노출 시켜 개체 및 분자 수준에서 관찰되는 변화를 측정한 결과 해산 요각류의 유생의 성장과 분자생체지표의 발현에서 오염된 퇴적물의 용출수에서 대조군과 유의한 차이를 보였다. 분자생체지표의 발현은 용출수의 희석 정도와 노출 시간에 의존적인 경향을 나타내 용출수를 이용한 생물영향평가의 가능성을 보여주었다. 본 논문 결과를 바탕으로 퇴적물의 오염 및 생물영향평가에 있어 용출수 노출시험이 오염물질의 정량적 분석결과를 보완할 수 있는 방법으로 이용될 수 있을 것을 확인하였으며 향후 많은 자료의 축적과 활용성에 대한 평가 및 기준이 제시되어야 한다고 제안한다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 1997

여천군 가막만에서 해산어류의 어병발생은 20^{\circ}C$이상인 시기에 집중적으로 발생하였다. 어종별 병원성생물은 넙치가 Vibrio sp., Edwardsiella sp., Streptococcus sp., Vibrio+Edwardsiella sp., Streptococcus sp.+Microcotyle sp,+Caligus sp. 및 Trichodina sp.에 감염, 조피볼락은 원인 불명 (선회병; 원인생물은 포도상구균으로 1994년에 동정함), 림포시스티스증, , Vibro+Microcotyle sp. 및 Streptococcus sp.+Micrococcus sp.에 감염, 농어는 림포시스티스증, Vibro sp., Vibro+Streptococcus sp. 및 Streptococcus sp.+Microcotyle sp.+Caligus sp.에 감염, 참돔은 Edwardsiella sp.에 각각 감염되었다. 조사지점 7개소 중 1, 5 및 6번 가두리 양식장은 20^{\circ}C$이상인 6월부터 10월까지 연속적으로 어병이 발생하였다. 약제감수성시험에서 Vibrio sp. (KS-9303)는 옥시테트라사이크린, 클로람페니콜, Edwardsiella sp. (KP-9315)는 옥시테트라사이클린, Flaxibacter sp. (KP-9318)는 옥시테트라사이클린, 옥소린산 및 클로람페니콜, 그리고 Streptococcus sp. (KP-9319)는 에리스로마이신, 옥시테트라사이클린 및 클로람페니콜 순으로 감수성이 나타났다.

• 한국해양환경ㆍ에너지학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.187-192
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• 2006

조선소에서 배출되는 처리수, 혼합방류수 및 주변 하천수가 양식 생물에 미치는 생물 독성영향을 알아보기 위해 48시간 급성독성과 DNA 손상을 조사하였다. 조사대상 생물종으로는 조선소 주변에서 양식되고 있는 넙치, 조피볼락, 피조개, 멍게가 사용되었으며, 48 시간 노출 후 치사율을 파악하였고, DNA 손상 정도는 Comet assay을 이용하여 측정되었다. 급성독성 실험 결과, 넙치는 장평천에서 치사가 나타났고(26%), 조피볼락은 혼합방류수 1에서 치사가 나타났다(13%). 멍게는 고현천에서 10%의 치사율을 보였고, 피조개는 어느 시료에서도 치사가 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구에 사용되어진 어떠한 시료에서도 실험생물을 50%까지 치사시키는 독성이 나타나지 않아 $LC_{50}$은 계산될 수 없었다. 넙치는 장평천과 혼합방류수에서 대조구보다 유의하게 높은 DNA 손상을 보여주었고, 조피볼락은 장평천에서 유의하게 높은 DNA손상이 나타났다(p<0.05). 멍게는 세탁폐수에서 유의한 DNA손상이 나타났지만, 피조개에서는 모든 처리구에서 DNA 손상을 보이지 않았다. 치사율과 DNA 손상을 고려하였을 때 조선소의 처리수와 혼합방류수보다는 장평천에서 놀은 생물독성을 보여주는 것으로 나타났다.